Page last updated: 2024-12-10

alpha-carotene

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Occurs in Manufacturing Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

alpha-carotene: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer; see also related record beta-carotene [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

alpha-carotene : A cyclic carotene with a beta- and an epsilon-ring at opposite ends respectively. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID4369188
CHEBI ID28425
MeSH IDM0123385

Synonyms (26)

Synonym
432-70-2
beta,epsilon-carotene
CHEBI:28425 ,
all-trans-alpha-carotene
LMPR01070258
NCGC00181744-01
C05433 ,
alpha-carotene
7488-99-5
alpha-carotin
3455553D-9689-45FE-A6E7-0487BD71046E
1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(1e,3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohexene
(all-e)-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-(3,7,12,1-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadecanonaenyl)cyclohexene
cyclohexene, 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-(3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadecanonaenyl)-, (all-e)-
alpha-carotene, all-trans-
4',5'-didehydro-5',6'-dihydro-beta,beta-carotene #
ANVAOWXLWRTKGA-JLTXGRSLSA-N
.beta.,.epsilon.-carotene, neo
.beta.,.epsilon.-carotene
(+/-)-alpha-carotene, >=95.0% (hplc)
DTXSID00893712
Q47459177
alpha carotene (not stereospecified)
(+/-)-alpha-carotene
alpha -carotene
FS-8114

Research Excerpts

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Hydroxylase over-expression in combination with bkt1 did not result in ketocarotenoid accumulation, but instead unexpected patterns of alpha-carotene derivatives, accompanied by a reduction of alpha-carotene, were observed."( Over-expression of Arabidopsis thaliana carotenoid hydroxylases individually and in combination with a beta-carotene ketolase provides insight into in vivo functions.
Cheng, KM; Craft, NE; Douglas, CJ; Hamberger, B; Kim, JE, 2010
)
0.56
"This study aimed to investigate the anti-metastatic activity of α-carotene (AC) in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and in combination with taxol in LLC-xenografted C57BL/6 mice."( Alpha-carotene inhibits metastasis in Lewis lung carcinoma in vitro, and suppresses lung metastasis and tumor growth in combination with taxol in tumor xenografted C57BL/6 mice.
Chen, JY; Hu, ML; Liao, JW; Liu, YZ; Yang, CM, 2015
)
1.86

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The objective of this study was to investigate the relative bioavailability (BV) of beta-carotene (BC) and alpha-carotene (AC) from different extracts of carrots utilizing the ferret model."( The crystalline form of carotenes and the food matrix in carrot root decrease the relative bioavailability of beta- and alpha-carotene in the ferret model.
Erdman, JW; Gugger, ET; Zhou, JR, 1996
)
0.72
"The present study examined whether the intestinal microflora could affect the bioavailability and vitamin A activity of dietary alpha- and beta-carotene in the rat."( The bioavailability of alpha- and beta-carotene is affected by gut microflora in the rat.
Alexandre-Gouabau, MC; Azais-Braesco, V; Borel, P; Duszka, C; Grolier, P; Lory, S; Nugon-Baudon, L, 1998
)
0.3
" In general, absorption depends on bioavailability from the food matrix and solubility in micelles."( [Carotenoids: 1. Metabolism and physiology].
Faure, H; Fayol, V; Galabert, C; Grolier, P; Le Moël, G; Nabet, F; Steghens, JP; Van Kappel, A,
)
0.13
" Little is known about the effect of dietary fat on the bioavailability of these compounds."( Amount of fat in the diet affects bioavailability of lutein esters but not of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and vitamin E in humans.
Leenen, R; Roodenburg, AJ; Tijburg, LB; van het Hof, KH; Weststrate, JA, 2000
)
0.54
"The present study demonstrates a new method to evaluate the bioavailability of carotenoids based on the calculation of the hepatic retinol contents."( Retinol equivalence of carotenoids can be evaluated by hepatic vitamin A content.
Furusho, T; Kataoka, E; Masushige, S; Wada, M; Yasuhara, T, 2000
)
0.31
" Data generated from this study compares well with in vivo bioavailability studies."( Comparison of the uptake and secretion of carotene and xanthophyll carotenoids by Caco-2 intestinal cells.
O'Brien, N; O'Sullivan, L; Ryan, L, 2007
)
0.34
" In the present study, antioxidant composition of fresh strawberries (FS) and stored strawberries (SS) and the bioavailability of the main strawberry bioactive compounds were determined in human subjects."( Bioavailability of strawberry antioxidants in human subjects.
Azzini, E; Catasta, G; Durazzo, A; Foddai, MS; Fogliano, V; Fumagalli, A; Intorre, F; Maiani, G; Napolitano, A; Palomba, L; Raguzzini, A; Rossi, L; Venneria, E; Vitaglione, P, 2010
)
0.36
" The amount of retinol (vitamin A) formed from carotenoid-rich foods should depend chiefly on the bioavailability (absorption and circulation time in the body) of carotenoids from their major food sources and the selectivity and reactivity of carotene cleavage enzymes towards them."( β-Cryptoxanthin- and α-carotene-rich foods have greater apparent bioavailability than β-carotene-rich foods in Western diets.
Burri, BJ; Chang, JS; Neidlinger, TR, 2011
)
0.37
"Dietary lipids are considered to be primary potentiators of carotenoid absorption, yet the amount and source required to optimize bioavailability has not been systematically evaluated."( Meal triacylglycerol profile modulates postprandial absorption of carotenoids in humans.
Campbell, WW; Chitchumroonchokchai, C; Failla, ML; Ferruzzi, MG; Goltz, SR, 2012
)
0.38
"While both amount and source of co-consumed lipid affect carotenoid bioavailability from vegetables, amount appears to exert a stronger effect."( Meal triacylglycerol profile modulates postprandial absorption of carotenoids in humans.
Campbell, WW; Chitchumroonchokchai, C; Failla, ML; Ferruzzi, MG; Goltz, SR, 2012
)
0.38
" Carotenoids may especially benefit because contributing foods vary in bioavailability and assessment validity."( Food predictors of plasma carotenoids.
Eliassen, AH; Hendrickson, SJ; Rosner, BA; Willett, WC, 2013
)
0.39
"Dietary lipids have been shown to increase bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from a single meal, but the effects of dietary lipids on conversion to vitamin A during absorption are essentially unknown."( Avocado consumption enhances human postprandial provitamin A absorption and conversion from a novel high-β-carotene tomato sauce and from carrots.
Clinton, SK; Cooperstone, JL; Francis, DM; Harrison, EH; Kopec, RE; Schwartz, SJ; Schweiggert, RM; Young, GS, 2014
)
0.4
" Observational, in vitro, animal model and human studies suggest that beta-cryptoxanthin has greater bioavailability from its common food sources than do alpha- and beta-carotene from theirs."( Beta-cryptoxanthin as a source of vitamin A.
Burri, BJ, 2015
)
0.42
" The aim of this study was to determine the bioavailability of 3 PACs (α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin) in young men, who were fed with a vitamin A-free diet and received iron and zinc supplementation."( The Influence of Iron and Zinc Supplementation on the Bioavailability of Provitamin A Carotenoids from Papaya Following Consumption of a Vitamin A-Deficient Diet.
Achu, MB; Amvam Zollo, PH; Ekoe, T; Gouado, I; Kana-Sop, MM; Oberleas, D; Schweigert, FJ; Van Camp, J, 2015
)
0.42
"CC-60 and TRF-80 supplementation increased bioavailability of palm-based carotenes and tocotrienols but had no effects, superior or detrimental, on vascular function or CVD risk factors."( Short term effects of palm-tocotrienol and palm-carotenes on vascular function and cardiovascular disease risk: A randomised controlled trial.
Abeywardena, MY; Brinkworth, GD; Stonehouse, W; Thompson, CH, 2016
)
0.43
" Their contribution depends on several factors, including bioavailability and capacity of conversion into retinol."( Dietary β-Cryptoxanthin and α-Carotene Have Greater Apparent Bioavailability Than β-Carotene in Subjects from Countries with Different Dietary Patterns.
Beltrán-de-Miguel, B; Estévez-Santiago, R; Olmedilla-Alonso, B; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, E, 2020
)
0.56
"This study aimed to examine the effects of dietary fat type and emulsification on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids from a carotenoid-rich salad."( Effects of dietary fat type and emulsification on carotenoid absorption: a randomized crossover trial.
Goh, HM; Kim, JE; Toh, DWK; Yang, Z; Yao, Y; Yin, B, 2023
)
0.91

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" A significant reverse dose-response relationship with arsenic-related ISHD was observed for serum level of alpha- and beta-carotene, but not for serum levels of retinol, lycopene and alpha-tocopherol."( Low serum carotene level and increased risk of ischemic heart disease related to long-term arsenic exposure.
Chen, CJ; Chiou, HY; Hsueh, YM; Huang, YL; Tseng, CH; Wu, WL, 1998
)
0.3
" However, the β-cryptoxanthin LSCRS was linked to a higher odds of EDS, with a linear dose-response relationship."( Gene polymorphisms and gene scores linked to low serum carotenoid status and their associations with metabolic disturbance and depressive symptoms in African-American adults.
Beydoun, MA; Canas, JA; Evans, MK; Nalls, MA; Zonderman, AB, 2014
)
0.4
" The present study aimed to examine the dose-response curve between fruit and vegetable consumption and carotenoid (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin), folate and vitamin C concentrations."( Prediction of fruit and vegetable intake from biomarkers using individual participant data of diet-controlled intervention studies.
Boshuizen, HC; Brazionis, L; Bub, A; Castenmiller, JJ; Chopra, M; de Vries, JH; Dragsted, LO; Freese, R; Itsiopoulos, C; Karlsen, A; Miller, ER; Naber, TH; O'Dea, K; Pasman, WJ; Souverein, OW; van der Voet, H; van Het Hof, K; van Loo-Bouwman, CA; Watzl, B; Winkels, R, 2015
)
0.42
" However, no clear dose-response effect was observed."( Comparative validity of vitamin C and carotenoids as indicators of fruit and vegetable intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Butterworth, A; Johnson, L; Moore, C; Pennant, M; Steur, M, 2015
)
0.42
"After adjusting for potential covariates, a monotonic dose-response positive correlation between circulating levels of β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and α-carotene and BMD at various skeletal sites was observed in women."( Greater serum carotenoid concentration associated with higher bone mineral density in Chinese adults.
Cao, WT; Cao, Y; Chen, YM; Liu, J; Su, YX; Zhang, ZQ, 2016
)
0.43
" There was a significant inverse dose-response relationship between alpha-carotene intake and NHL risk (13% lower risk per 1000 μg/day increment of intake)."( Carotenoid intake and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.
Chen, F; Hu, J; Li, J; Liu, P; Wei, Z, 2017
)
0.69
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Occurs in Manufacturing (9 Product(s))

Product Categories

Product CategoryProducts
Vitamins & Supplements4
Active Lifestyle & Fitness5

Products

ProductBrandCategoryCompounds Matched from IngredientsDate Retrieved
Jarrow Formulas CarotenALL -- 60 SoftgelsJarrow FormulasVitamins & SupplementsAlpha Carotene, Astaxanthin, Gamma Tocopherol, glycerin, Lutein, Lycopene, Vitamin A, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 150 TabletsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitness Lipase, PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 240 TabletsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitness Lipase, PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 90 TabletsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessPABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, glycerine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Women Multivitamin for Women -- 120 CapsulesOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, kelp, Biotin, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Isoflavone, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, sodium selenate, citrate, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Women Multivitamin for Women -- 60 CapsulesOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, kelp, Biotin, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodide, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar Formula VM-75® Iron-Free -- 180 TabletsSolgarVitamins & Supplementsalpha carotene, Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Hesperidin, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, calcium carbonate, lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zeaxanthin, zinc oxide2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sun Chlorella A Tablets -- 200 mg - 300 TabletsSun ChlorellaVitamins & SupplementsAlpha-Carotene, Chlorophyll, Folate, Lutein, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Sun Chlorella A Tablets -- 500 mg - 600 TabletsSun ChlorellaVitamins & SupplementsAlpha-Carotene, Chlorophyll, Folate, Lutein, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
provitamin AA provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.
plant metaboliteAny eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
cyclic carotene
carotenoid beta-end derivative
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (2)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
superpathway of carotenoid biosynthesis029
Carotenoid biosynthesis012
Carotenoid biosynthesis525

Research

Studies (417)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19909 (2.16)18.7374
1990's96 (23.02)18.2507
2000's126 (30.22)29.6817
2010's145 (34.77)24.3611
2020's41 (9.83)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 54.91

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index54.91 (24.57)
Research Supply Index6.20 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.64 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index89.34 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.02 (0.95)

This Compound (54.91)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials56 (12.90%)5.53%
Reviews16 (3.69%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational2 (0.46%)0.25%
Other360 (82.95%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]