Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial

A nitric oxide synthase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P29474]

Synonyms

EC 1.14.13.39;
Constitutive NOS;
cNOS;
EC-NOS;
Endothelial NOS;
eNOS;
NOS type III;
NOSIII

Research

Bioassay Publications (31)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	6 (19.35)	18.2507
2000's	18 (58.06)	29.6817
2010's	5 (16.13)	24.3611
2020's	2 (6.45)	2.80

Compounds (21)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	485.0667	3	3
2-amino-4-picoline	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.1989	5	7
7-nitroindazole	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.1950	2	2
pimagedine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	224.0000	3	3
etiron	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.3000	1	1
s-methylisothiopseudouronium	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	7.0000	1	1
alpha-aminopyridine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.8000	1	1
2-amino-3-methylpyridine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.2000	1	1
2-aminothiazoline	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.1000	1	1
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.1000	4	4
1-aminoisoquinoline	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.4000	1	1
s-methylthiocitrulline	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.4000	1	1
n(g)-iminoethylornithine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	6.0000	1	1
omega-n-methylarginine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.9489	9	9
omega-n-methylarginine	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.4000	1	1
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.6800	1	1
delta-n-methylarginine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	5,002.9500	2	2
2-amino-5,6-dihydro-4h-1,3-thiazine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	7.1000	1	1
nitroarginine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.3800	3	3
nitroarginine	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0300	1	1
arl 17477	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.5000	1	1
n(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	40.6909	11	11
gw 274150	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	358.4338	4	4

Drugs with Other Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
7-nitroindazole	Homo sapiens (human)	Inhibition	8.0000	1	1
2-aminothiazoline	Homo sapiens (human)	Ratio	1.2000	1	1
n(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine	Homo sapiens (human)	Ratio	3.7000	1	1

Enables

This protein enables 12 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
actin monomer binding	molecular function	Binding to monomeric actin, also known as G-actin. [GOC:ai]
nitric-oxide synthase activity	molecular function	Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+. [EC:1.14.13.39, RHEA:19897]
protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
calmodulin binding	molecular function	Binding to calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states. [GOC:krc]
FMN binding	molecular function	Binding to flavin mono nucleotide. Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) is the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes. [GOC:tb]
heme binding	molecular function	Binding to a heme, a compound composed of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. [GOC:ai]
tetrahydrobiopterin binding	molecular function	Binding to a tetrahydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin or a derivative thereof; tetrahydrobiopterins are enzyme cofactors that carry electrons in redox reactions. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:rl]
arginine binding	molecular function	Binding to 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]
cadmium ion binding	molecular function	Binding to a cadmium ion (Cd). [GOC:ai]
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	molecular function	Binding to FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2. [GOC:ai, GOC:imk, ISBN:0198506732]
NADP binding	molecular function	Binding to nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NADP+, or the reduced form, NADPH. [GOC:ai]
scaffold protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a scaffold protein. Scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signaling pathways. Although not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signaling pathway, tethering them into complexes. [GOC:BHF, GOC:sjp, PMID:10433269, Wikipedia:Scaffold_protein]

Located In

This protein is located in 9 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
Golgi membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus. [GOC:mah]
nucleus	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
cytoplasm	cellular component	The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]
Golgi apparatus	cellular component	A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. [ISBN:0198506732]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
cytoskeleton	cellular component	A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. [GOC:mah, PMID:16959967, PMID:27419875]
plasma membrane	cellular component	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]
caveola	cellular component	A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0721662544, PMID:16645198]
endocytic vesicle membrane	cellular component	The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle. [GOC:mah]

Active In

This protein is active in 3 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
nucleus	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
plasma membrane	cellular component	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 46 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
angiogenesis	biological process	Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. [ISBN:0878932453]
ovulation from ovarian follicle	biological process	The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:mtg_sensu, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/]
in utero embryonic development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]
blood vessel remodeling	biological process	The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels. [GOC:hjd]
regulation of sodium ion transport	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:dph]
regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal	biological process	The regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin	biological process	The process in which endothelin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. Endothelin is a hormone that is released by the endothelium, and it is a vasoconstrictor. [GOC:mtg_cardio]
aortic valve morphogenesis	biological process	The process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]
pulmonary valve morphogenesis	biological process	The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]
endocardial cushion morphogenesis	biological process	The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. [GOC:mtg_heart]
arginine catabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]
nitric oxide biosynthetic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. [GOC:ai]
potassium ion transport	biological process	The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]
calcium ion transport	biological process	The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]
mitochondrion organization	biological process	A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, GOC:sgd_curators, PMID:9786946]
regulation of blood pressure	biological process	Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_cardio, ISBN:0721643949]
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]
response to heat	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. [GOC:lr]
negative regulation of platelet activation	biological process	Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of muscle hyperplasia	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hyperplasia. [GOC:mtg_muscle]
smooth muscle hyperplasia	biological process	A process, occurring in smooth muscle, in which there is an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ. [GOC:mtg_muscle]
removal of superoxide radicals	biological process	Any process, acting at the cellular level, involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). [GOC:jl]
lung development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0002048]
positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity. [GOC:mah]
regulation of nervous system process	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]
lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:15379975]
response to fluid shear stress	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface. [GOC:sl]
vasodilation	biological process	An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure. [GOC:pr, ISBN:0192800981]
negative regulation of potassium ion transport	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels. [GOC:go_curators]
endothelial cell migration	biological process	The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium. [GOC:go_curators]
cell redox homeostasis	biological process	Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of angiogenesis	biological process	Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. [CL:0000192, GOC:ebc]
homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue	biological process	Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue. [GOC:isa_complete]
establishment of localization in cell	biological process	Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of calcium ion transport	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]
ventricular septum morphogenesis	biological process	The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another. [GOC:dph]
negative regulation of biomineral tissue development	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds. [GOC:mah]
blood vessel diameter maintenance	biological process	Any process that modulates the diameter of blood vessels. [GOC:pr]
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors. [GOC:TermGenie, PMID:17245429]
nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	biological process	An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with production of nitric oxide, detection by receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and ends with the activation of downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms. [GOC:jl, PMID:21549190]
response to hormone	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. [GOC:jl]
negative regulation of blood pressure	biological process	Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_cardio]
response to lipopolysaccharide	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464]