A neprilysin that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P08473]
EC 3.4.24.11;
Atriopeptidase;
Common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen;
CALLA;
Enkephalinase;
Neutral endopeptidase 24.11;
NEP;
Neutral endopeptidase;
Skin fibroblast elastase;
SFE
| Timeframe | Studies on this Protein(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 3 (16.67) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 6 (33.33) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 8 (44.44) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (5.56) | 2.80 |
| Drug | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Publication(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| thiorphan | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0024 | 3 | 3 |
| losartan | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| captopril | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 830.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| sq 28603 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0094 | 1 | 1 |
| kelatorphan | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0017 | 1 | 1 |
| (3-(n-hydroxy)carboxamido-2-benzylpropanoyl)glycine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0014 | 1 | 1 |
| 2-(4-morpholinyl)-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| cgs 26303 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0010 | 1 | 1 |
| bb3497 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 50.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| candoxatrilat | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0078 | 1 | 1 |
| actinonin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 6.7000 | 1 | 1 |
| phosphoramidon | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0405 | 4 | 4 |
| omapatrilat | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0002 | 1 | 1 |
| omapatrilat | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0090 | 1 | 1 |
| sitagliptin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| thiorphan | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0200 | 1 | 1 |
| thiorphan | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0035 | 2 | 2 |
| uk 81,252 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0043 | 2 | 2 |
| cgs 35066 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| quininib | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
This protein enables 10 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| phosphatidylserine binding | molecular function | Binding to phosphatidylserine, a class of glycophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. [ISBN:0198506732, PMID:12000961] |
| endopeptidase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain. [http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#ENDOPEPTIDASE] |
| metalloendopeptidase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions. [GOC:mah, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#CATTYPE, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#ENDOPEPTIDASE] |
| protein binding | molecular function | Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators] |
| exopeptidase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain, in a reaction that requires a free N-terminal amino group, C-terminal carboxyl group or both. [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#EXOPEPTIDASE] |
| zinc ion binding | molecular function | Binding to a zinc ion (Zn). [GOC:ai] |
| peptide binding | molecular function | Binding to a peptide, an organic compound comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds. [GOC:jl] |
| protein homodimerization activity | molecular function | Binding to an identical protein to form a homodimer. [GOC:jl] |
| oligopeptidase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond in an oligopeptide, i.e. a molecule containing a small number (2 to 20) of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] |
| cardiolipin binding | molecular function | Binding to cardiolipin. [GOC:kmv, GOC:TermGenie] |
This protein is located in 19 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| cytoplasm | cellular component | The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684] |
| early endosome | cellular component | A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways. [GOC:mah, NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090701, PMID:19696797] |
| trans-Golgi network | cellular component | The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located within the Golgi apparatus on the side distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination. [GOC:vw, ISBN:0815316194] |
| plasma membrane | cellular component | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363] |
| brush border | cellular component | The dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of an epithelial cell in tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and choroid plexus; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell. [GOC:sl, ISBN:0815316194] |
| focal adhesion | cellular component | A cell-substrate junction that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments. In insects focal adhesion has also been referred to as hemi-adherens junction (HAJ). [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, ISBN:0124325653, ISBN:0815316208, PMID:10419689, PMID:12191915, PMID:15246682, PMID:1643657, PMID:16805308, PMID:19197329, PMID:23033047, PMID:26923917, PMID:28796323, PMID:8314002] |
| synaptic vesicle | cellular component | A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane. [PMID:10099709, PMID:12563290] |
| cell surface | cellular component | The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sm] |
| membrane | cellular component | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] |
| axon | cellular component | The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. [GOC:nln, ISBN:0198506732] |
| dendrite | cellular component | A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:dos, GOC:mah, GOC:nln, ISBN:0198506732] |
| secretory granule membrane | cellular component | The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule. [GOC:mah] |
| cytoplasmic vesicle | cellular component | A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah, GOC:vesicles] |
| neuronal cell body | cellular component | The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. [GOC:go_curators] |
| neuron projection terminus | cellular component | The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite. [GOC:jl] |
| membrane raft | cellular component | Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. [PMID:16645198, PMID:20044567] |
| synapse | cellular component | The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. [GOC:aruk, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:24619342, PMID:29383328, PMID:31998110] |
| extracellular exosome | cellular component | A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:vesicles, PMID:15908444, PMID:17641064, PMID:19442504, PMID:19498381, PMID:22418571, PMID:24009894] |
| presynapse | cellular component | The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell. [GOC:dos] |
This protein is active in 1 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| plasma membrane | cellular component | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363] |
This protein is involved in 24 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| kidney development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, ISBN:0124020607, ISBN:0721662544] |
| placenta development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. [GOC:add, ISBN:068340007X] |
| proteolysis | biological process | The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah] |
| peptide metabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. [GOC:go_curators] |
| learning or memory | biological process | The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. [GOC:jid, PMID:8938125] |
| substance P catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the neuropeptide substance P. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl] |
| bradykinin catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide bradykinin. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl] |
| sensory perception of pain | biological process | The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process. [GOC:curators] |
| protein catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. [GOC:mah] |
| lung development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0002048] |
| hormone catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. [GOC:jl] |
| response to estrogen | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] |
| creatinine metabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine. [ISBN:0198506732] |
| amyloid-beta metabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease, and its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP). [GOC:ai] |
| positive regulation of neurogenesis | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. [GOC:ai] |
| neuropeptide processing | biological process | Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a neuropeptide precursor. Processing leads to the attainment of the full functional capacity of the neuropeptide. [PMID:12657671, PMID:17564681] |
| cellular response to cytokine stimulus | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. [GOC:mah] |
| cellular response to UV-A | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm. [GOC:mah] |
| cellular response to UV-B | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm. [GOC:mah] |
| replicative senescence | biological process | A cell aging process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to telomere shortening and/or cellular aging. [GOC:BHF] |
| amyloid-beta clearance | biological process | The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by mechanisms involving cell surface receptors. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:BHF, PMID:18289866, PMID:19098903, PMID:26005850] |
| amyloid-beta clearance by cellular catabolic process | biological process | The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by cell surface receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by intracellular degradation. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:18289866] |
| positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation. [GOC:BHF, GOC:TermGenie] |
| protein processing | biological process | Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. [GOC:curators, GOC:jl, GOC:jsg] |