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NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1

An NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96EB6]

Synonyms

hSIRT1;
EC 2.3.1.286;
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-1;
2.3.1.-;
Regulatory protein SIR2 homolog 1;
SIR2-like protein 1;
hSIR2

Research

Bioassay Publications (64)

TimeframeStudies on this Protein(%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's13 (20.31)29.6817
2010's45 (70.31)24.3611
2020's6 (9.38)2.80

Compounds (33)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

DrugTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Publication(s)
niacinamideHomo sapiens (human)IC50130.95001212
bisindolylmaleimide iHomo sapiens (human)IC5041.000033
bisindolylmaleimide vHomo sapiens (human)IC5038.566733
entinostatHomo sapiens (human)IC50100.000011
fenamic acidHomo sapiens (human)IC5068.000022
ro 31-8220Homo sapiens (human)IC508.120055
fenofibrateHomo sapiens (human)IC50298.100022
suraminHomo sapiens (human)IC501.566766
4-tert-butylbenzoic acidHomo sapiens (human)IC501,000.000011
suramin sodiumHomo sapiens (human)IC500.300011
toxoflavinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.870011
paulloneHomo sapiens (human)IC5029.000022
hyperforinHomo sapiens (human)IC5015.000011
surfactin cHomo sapiens (human)IC50600.000022
CHIC-35Homo sapiens (human)IC500.063011
3-(1-azepanylsulfonyl)-n-(3-bromphenyl)benzamideHomo sapiens (human)IC5050.000011
sirtinolHomo sapiens (human)IC5095.29231313
cambinolHomo sapiens (human)IC5087.70361314
(4-chlorophenyl)-[4-(8-nitro-5-quinolinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methanoneHomo sapiens (human)IC5050.000011
ex 527Homo sapiens (human)IC507.67282527
ex 527Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.114011
panobinostatHomo sapiens (human)IC5020.000011
panobinostatHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.000011
oblongifolin cHomo sapiens (human)IC509.000011
quisinostatHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.000011
tenovin-6Homo sapiens (human)IC5045.150066
acy-1215Homo sapiens (human)IC505.500022
aristoforinHomo sapiens (human)IC507.000011
n-(3-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-ylmethylene)amino)phenyl)-2-phenylpropionamideHomo sapiens (human)IC5054.350088

Drugs with Activation Measurements

DrugTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Publication(s)
resveratrolHomo sapiens (human)EC5052.333333
CAY10591Homo sapiens (human)EC501.000022
srt1460Homo sapiens (human)EC502.350022
srt1460Homo sapiens (human)Kd16.200022
srt1720Homo sapiens (human)EC500.160022
srt2183Homo sapiens (human)EC500.360011

Drugs with Other Measurements

DrugTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Publication(s)
nadHomo sapiens (human)Km80.000011
resveratrolHomo sapiens (human)Activity48.000011
resveratrolHomo sapiens (human)EC1.546.133333
ex 527Homo sapiens (human)INH0.600011
ex 527Homo sapiens (human)Km18.166733
srt1460Homo sapiens (human)Activity1.800011
srt1720Homo sapiens (human)Activity0.160011
srt1720Homo sapiens (human)EC1.50.160011

Enables

This protein enables 30 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingmolecular functionBinding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:txnOH-2018]
p53 bindingmolecular functionBinding to one of the p53 family of proteins. [GOC:hjd]
transcription coactivator activitymolecular functionA transcription coregulator activity that activates or increases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coactivators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coactivators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. A fourth class of coactivator activity is the bridging of a DNA-binding transcription factor to the general (basal) transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, which bridges sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase, is also a transcription coactivator. [GOC:txnOH-2018, PMID:10213677, PMID:16858867]
transcription corepressor activitymolecular functionA transcription coregulator activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Corepressors often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription corepressors modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. [GOC:txnOH-2018, PMID:10213677, PMID:16858867]
histone deacetylase activitymolecular functionCatalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone, a class of proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes. [PMID:9893272, RHEA:58196]
protein bindingmolecular functionBinding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
nuclear receptor bindingmolecular functionBinding to a nuclear receptor protein. Nuclear receptor proteins are DNA-binding transcription factors which are regulated by binding to a ligand. [PMID:7776974]
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activitymolecular functionCatalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone. [PMID:28450737]
deacetylase activitymolecular functionCatalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule. [GOC:jl]
enzyme bindingmolecular functionBinding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity. [GOC:jl]
NAD-dependent histone H3K14 deacetylase activitymolecular functionCatalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein. [PMID:28450737]
protein lysine deacetylase activitymolecular functionCatalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-acetyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = acetate + L-lysyl-[protein]. [PMID:27296530, RHEA:58108]
NAD-dependent protein lysine deacetylase activitymolecular functionCatalysis of the reaction: N(6)-acetyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ + H2O = L-lysyl-[protein] + 2''-O-acetyl-ADP-D-ribose + nicotinamide. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, RHEA:43636]
histone bindingmolecular functionBinding to a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaryotic or archaeal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in gene regulation and DNA replication. They may be chemically modified (methylated, acetlyated and others) to regulate gene transcription. [GOC:jl, PMID:16209651, PMID:30212449, PMID:9305837]
identical protein bindingmolecular functionBinding to an identical protein or proteins. [GOC:jl]
HLH domain bindingmolecular functionBinding to a Helix Loop Helix domain, a domain of 40-50 residues that occurs in specific DNA-binding proteins that act as transcription factors. The domain is formed of two amphipathic helices joined by a variable length linker region that can form a loop and it mediates protein dimerization. [GOC:go_curators, Prosite:PDOC0038]
bHLH transcription factor bindingmolecular functionBinding to a basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors, important regulatory components in transcriptional networks of many developmental pathways. [PMID:9144210]
metal ion bindingmolecular functionBinding to a metal ion. [GOC:ai]
NAD-dependent histone H3K9 deacetylase activitymolecular functionCatalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. [PMID:28450737]
NAD-dependent histone H4K16 deacetylase activitymolecular functionCatalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein. [GOC:vw, PMID:28450737]
mitogen-activated protein kinase bindingmolecular functionBinding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase. [GOC:ai]
lysine-acetylated histone bindingmolecular functionBinding to a histone in which a lysine residue has been modified by acetylation. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:rl, PMID:17582821]
protein-propionyllysine depropionylase activitymolecular functionCatalysis of the reaction:H2O + N(6)-propanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 3''-O-propanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [GOC:sp, PMID:30026585, RHEA:23500]
DNA-binding transcription factor bindingmolecular functionBinding to a DNA-binding transcription factor, a protein that interacts with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription. [GOC:txnOH-2018]
histone H4K12 deacetylase activitymolecular functionCatalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 12 of the histone H4 protein. [GOC:vw, PMID:15293224]
histone H3K deacetylase activitymolecular functionCatalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone H3. [PMID:12590135]
NAD-dependent histone decrotonylase activitymolecular functionCatalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[histone] + nicotinamide. [PMID:28497810]
keratin filament bindingmolecular functionBinding to a keratin filament, an intermediate filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. [GOC:krc, PMID:6170061]
promoter-specific chromatin bindingmolecular functionBinding to a section of chromatin that is associated with gene promoter sequences of DNA. [PMID:19948729]
NAD+ bindingmolecular functionBinding to the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions. [GOC:mah]

Located In

This protein is located in 10 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
fibrillar centercellular componentA structure found most metazoan nucleoli, but not usually found in lower eukaryotes; surrounded by the dense fibrillar component; the zone of transcription from multiple copies of the pre-rRNA genes is in the border region between these two structures. [PMID:10754561]
nucleuscellular componentA membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
nuclear envelopecellular componentThe double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). [ISBN:0198547684]
nuclear inner membranecellular componentThe inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope. [GOC:ma]
nucleoplasmcellular componentThat part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653]
nucleoluscellular componentA small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. [ISBN:0198506732]
cytoplasmcellular componentThe contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]
mitochondrioncellular componentA semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. [GOC:giardia, ISBN:0198506732]
cytosolcellular componentThe part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
PML bodycellular componentA class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection. [GOC:ma, PMID:10944585]

Active In

This protein is active in 4 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
cytosolcellular componentThe part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
nucleuscellular componentA membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
nuclear inner membranecellular componentThe inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope. [GOC:ma]
nucleoplasmcellular componentThat part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653]

Part Of

This protein is part of 7 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
ESC/E(Z) complexcellular componentA multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12. In mammals the core subunits of the complex include EED, EZH2, SUZ12 and RBBP4. [GOC:bf, GOC:sp, PMID:12408863, PMID:12408864, PMID:20064375]
eNoSc complexcellular componentA chromatin silencing complex that recruits histone-modifying enzymes and upregulates silencing of rDNA in response to glucose starvation. [GOC:BHM, Intact:EBI-11789632, Intact:EBI-11790279, PMID:18485871]
chromatincellular componentThe ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. [GOC:elh, PMID:20404130]
euchromatincellular componentA dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin that is in a transcription-competent conformation. [PMID:32017156]
heterochromatincellular componentA compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription. [PMID:32017156]
chromatin silencing complexcellular componentAny protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing. [GOC:mah]
rDNA heterochromatincellular componentA region of heterochromatin located at the rDNA repeats in a chromosome. [GOC:mah, PMID:20661445]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 111 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
single strand break repairbiological processThe repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Repair of such breaks is mediated by the same enzyme systems as are used in base excision repair. [PMID:18626472]
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIbiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
rDNA heterochromatin formationbiological processThe formation of heterochromatin at ribosomal DNA, characterized by the modified histone H3K9me3. [PMID:10219245]
pyrimidine dimer repair by nucleotide-excision repairbiological processThe repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T, and C-C dimers by the recognition and removal of the damaged DNA strand from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. [GOC:elh]
DNA synthesis involved in DNA repairbiological processSynthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end and uses the homologous intact duplex as the template. [PMID:10357855]
angiogenesisbiological processBlood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. [ISBN:0878932453]
ovulation from ovarian folliclebiological processThe process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:mtg_sensu, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/]
intracellular glucose homeostasisbiological processA homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of glucose within a cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of protein phosphorylationbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. [GOC:hjd]
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferationbiological processAny process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. [GOC:add]
positive regulation of adaptive immune responsebiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. [GOC:add]
chromatin organizationbiological processThe assembly or remodeling of chromatin composed of DNA complexed with histones, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA. [PMID:20404130]
DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formationbiological processRepression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin. [GOC:mah]
protein deacetylationbiological processThe removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid. [GOC:ai]
triglyceride mobilizationbiological processThe release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism. [GOC:mah, PMID:11943743, PMID:15713625]
DNA damage responsebiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. [GOC:go_curators]
response to oxidative stressbiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. [GOC:jl, PMID:12115731]
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwaybiological processThe series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]
spermatogenesisbiological processThe developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa. [GOC:jid, ISBN:9780878933846, PMID:28073824, PMID:30990821]
regulation of mitotic cell cyclebiological processAny process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]
muscle organ developmentbiological processThe process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0198506732]
positive regulation of cell population proliferationbiological processAny process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]
cellular response to starvationbiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment. [GOC:jl]
negative regulation of gene expressionbiological processAny process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
regulation of centrosome duplicationbiological processAny process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic processbiological processAny process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. [GOC:BHF, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of cholesterol effluxbiological processAny process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
regulation of lipid storagebiological processAny process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
regulation of glucose metabolic processbiological processAny process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. [GOC:BHF, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of macroautophagybiological processAny process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:9412464]
protein ubiquitinationbiological processThe process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein. [GOC:ai]
peptidyl-lysine acetylationbiological processThe acetylation of peptidyl-lysine. [GOC:mah]
macrophage differentiationbiological processThe process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwaybiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:mah]
negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic processbiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin. [GOC:mah]
heterochromatin formationbiological processAn epigenetic gene silencing mechanism in which chromatin is compacted into heterochromatin, resulting in a chromatin conformation refractory to transcription. This process starts with heterochromatin nucleation, its spreading, and ends with heterochromatin boundary formation. [PMID:25192661, PMID:33827924]
protein destabilizationbiological processAny process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation. [GOC:mah]
negative regulation of TOR signalingbiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling. [GOC:mah]
regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activitybiological processAny process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks. [GOC:mah]
negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activitybiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. [GOC:dph, GOC:rl, GOC:tb]
response to insulinbiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
circadian regulation of gene expressionbiological processAny process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression such that an expression pattern recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. [GOC:mah]
leptin-mediated signaling pathwaybiological processThe series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:yaf]
regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic processbiological processAny process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:rl]
intracellular triglyceride homeostasisbiological processA homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of triglyceride within a cell. [GOC:BHF]
regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathwaybiological processAny process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:bf]
regulation of cell population proliferationbiological processAny process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:jl]
cellular response to glucose starvationbiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose. [GOC:jl]
negative regulation of phosphorylationbiological processAny process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. [GOC:jl]
response to hydrogen peroxidebiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. [GOC:jl]
behavioral response to starvationbiological processAny process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment. [GOC:go_curators]
cholesterol homeostasisbiological processAny process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell. [GOC:go_curators]
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorbiological processThe series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
regulation of apoptotic processbiological processAny process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
positive regulation of apoptotic processbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
negative regulation of apoptotic processbiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionbiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade. [GOC:jl]
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processbiological processThe chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processbiological processAny process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activitybiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. [GOC:jl]
negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorbiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage. [GOC:jl]
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic processbiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migrationbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels. [GOC:go_curators]
response to leptinbiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism]. [GOC:yaf]
positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic processbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II. [GOC:go_curators]
negative regulation of fat cell differentiationbiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of gluconeogenesisbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of DNA repairbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of angiogenesisbiological processAny process that activates or increases angiogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]
negative regulation of cell cyclebiological processAny process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionbiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
regulation of transcription by glucosebiological processAny process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathwaybiological processAny process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling. [GOC:bf]
white fat cell differentiationbiological processThe process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole. [PMID:12508945]
negative regulation of helicase activitybiological processAny process that stops or reduces the activity of a helicase. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiationbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. [CL:0000192, GOC:ai]
maintenance of nucleus locationbiological processAny process in which the nucleus is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction. [GOC:ai]
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionbiological processAny process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction. [GOC:ai]
fatty acid homeostasisbiological processAny process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]
negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathwaybiological processAny process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:dph]
positive regulation of macrophage cytokine productionbiological processAny process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
cellular response to hydrogen peroxidebiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. [CHEBI:16240, GOC:mah]
regulation of bile acid biosynthetic processbiological processAny process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]
UV-damage excision repairbiological processA DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs). [GOC:mah, PMID:9619100]
cellular response to tumor necrosis factorbiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus. [GOC:mah]
cellular response to hypoxiabiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. [GOC:mah]
cellular response to ionizing radiationbiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. [GOC:mah]
regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activitybiological processAny process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity. [GOC:mah]
regulation of brown fat cell differentiationbiological processAny process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria. [GOC:tb]
stress-induced premature senescencebiological processA cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to environmental factors such as hydrogen peroxide or X-rays. [GOC:BHF]
energy homeostasisbiological processAny process involved in the balance between food intake (energy input) and energy expenditure. [GOC:yaf, PMID:15919751]
protein depropionylationbiological processThe removal of a propionyl group from a residue in a peptide or protein. [GOC:sp, PMID:30026585]
DNA repair-dependent chromatin remodelingbiological processA chromatin remodeling process that allows DNA repair enzyme to access genomic DNA and repair DNA lesions. [PMID:15528408, PMID:28053344, PMID:29095668, PMID:35689883]
regulation of cellular response to heatbiological processAny process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat. [GOC:TermGenie, GOC:yaf]
negative regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediatorbiological processAny process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator. [GOC:TermGenie]
negative regulation of protein acetylationbiological processAny process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation. [GOC:TermGenie, PMID:22117195]
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorbiological processAny process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator. [GOC:TermGenie, PMID:17719541]
negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwaybiological processAny process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:11672522]
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwaybiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:20160352]
positive regulation of adipose tissue developmentbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23081848]
cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factorbiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukemia inhibitory factor stimulus. [PMID:12801913]
positive regulation of macrophage apoptotic processbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]
negative regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activitybiological processAny process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. [GOC:obol]
positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activitybiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. [GOC:obol]
negative regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulusbiological processAny process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to testosterone stimulus. [GOC:BHF]
negative regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylationbiological processAny process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-lysine acetylation. [GOC:obol]
negative regulation of cellular senescencebiological processAny process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence. [GOC:BHF]
positive regulation of cellular senescencebiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence. [GOC:BHF]
positive regulation of double-strand break repairbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair. [GOC:BHF]