Nitric oxide synthase, brain

A nitric oxide synthase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P29475]

Synonyms

EC 1.14.13.39;
Constitutive NOS;
NC-NOS;
NOS type I;
Neuronal NOS;
N-NOS;
nNOS;
Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase NOS1;
bNOS

Research

Bioassay Publications (35)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	5 (14.29)	18.2507
2000's	23 (65.71)	29.6817
2010's	5 (14.29)	24.3611
2020's	2 (5.71)	2.80

Compounds (45)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
imidazole	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	175.0000	1	1
s,s'-1,4-phenylene-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)bis-isothiourea	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0160	1	1
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	4.8900	2	2
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	7.3000	1	1
2-amino-4-picoline	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.1407	5	7
3-bromo-7-nitroindazole	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.1700	1	1
7-nitroindazole	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.0267	3	3
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.8000	1	1
pimagedine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	61.9500	2	2
pimagedine	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	3.3000	1	1
2-aminothiazole	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	12.0000	1	1
s-ethyl n-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isothiourea	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.3200	1	1
etiron	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0290	1	1
s-methylisothiopseudouronium	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.1600	1	1
indazoles	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	178.0000	1	1
citrulline	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2,350.0000	1	2
alpha-aminopyridine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	6.0000	2	2
2-amino-3-methylpyridine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.3000	1	1
2-aminothiazoline	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.8000	1	1
2-aminothiazoline	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.4100	1	1
5-nitroindazole	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	47.0000	1	1
6-nitroindazole	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	32.0000	1	1
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.1167	3	3
n-(4-nitrophenacyl)imidazole	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	105.0000	1	1
1-aminoisoquinoline	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	6.6000	1	1
6-aminoindazole	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1,000.0000	1	1
1-phenylimidazole	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	430.0000	1	1
3-indazolinone	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1,000.0000	1	1
5-aminoindazole	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1,000.0000	1	1
3,5-dimethylpyrazole-1-carboxamidine	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	350.0000	1	1
s-methylthiocitrulline	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0600	1	1
s-methylthiocitrulline	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0500	1	1
n(g)-iminoethylornithine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	9.0000	1	1
n(g)-iminoethylornithine	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	331.1333	2	3
n,n-dimethylarginine	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.7000	1	1
omega-n-methylarginine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.3983	6	6
omega-n-methylarginine	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	503.9733	2	6
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.6900	1	1
delta-n-methylarginine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	5,005.0000	2	2
2-amino-5,6-dihydro-4h-1,3-thiazine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.2000	1	1
2-amino-5-methylthiazole	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.1000	1	1
nitroarginine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.2650	4	4
nitroarginine	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.2575	2	2
vinyl-l-nio	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.1000	1	1
arl 17477	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0350	1	1
n(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	28.1160	10	10
pyrazole-1-carboxamidine	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.4000	1	1
gw 274150	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	92.1888	5	5
1-(4-(3-bromophenoxy)butyl)-1h-imidazole	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	60.0000	1	1
6-hydroxymethylpterin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	180.0000	1	1

Drugs with Activation Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
sapropterin	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	1.1200	1	1

Drugs with Other Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
7-nitroindazole	Homo sapiens (human)	Inhibition	15.0000	1	1
arginine	Homo sapiens (human)	Activity	14.5000	1	1

Enables

This protein enables 15 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
nitric-oxide synthase activity	molecular function	Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+. [EC:1.14.13.39, RHEA:19897]
calcium channel regulator activity	molecular function	Modulates the activity of a calcium channel. [GOC:mah]
protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
calmodulin binding	molecular function	Binding to calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states. [GOC:krc]
FMN binding	molecular function	Binding to flavin mono nucleotide. Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) is the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes. [GOC:tb]
sodium channel regulator activity	molecular function	Binds to and modulates the activity of a sodium channel. [GOC:mah]
heme binding	molecular function	Binding to a heme, a compound composed of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. [GOC:ai]
tetrahydrobiopterin binding	molecular function	Binding to a tetrahydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin or a derivative thereof; tetrahydrobiopterins are enzyme cofactors that carry electrons in redox reactions. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:rl]
arginine binding	molecular function	Binding to 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]
transmembrane transporter binding	molecular function	Binding to a transmembrane transporter, a protein or protein complex that enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl, PMID:33199372]
cadmium ion binding	molecular function	Binding to a cadmium ion (Cd). [GOC:ai]
calcium-dependent protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein or protein complex in the presence of calcium. [GOC:jid, PMID:10485905]
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	molecular function	Binding to FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2. [GOC:ai, GOC:imk, ISBN:0198506732]
NADP binding	molecular function	Binding to nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NADP+, or the reduced form, NADPH. [GOC:ai]
scaffold protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a scaffold protein. Scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signaling pathways. Although not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signaling pathway, tethering them into complexes. [GOC:BHF, GOC:sjp, PMID:10433269, Wikipedia:Scaffold_protein]

Located In

This protein is located in 14 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
photoreceptor inner segment	cellular component	The inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor containing mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs. [GOC:add, PMID:12019563]
nucleoplasm	cellular component	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653]
cytoplasm	cellular component	The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684]
mitochondrion	cellular component	A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. [GOC:giardia, ISBN:0198506732]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
cytoskeleton	cellular component	A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. [GOC:mah, PMID:16959967, PMID:27419875]
plasma membrane	cellular component	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]
sarcoplasmic reticulum	cellular component	A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage. [GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0124325653, ISBN:0198547684]
sarcolemma	cellular component	The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers. [ISBN:0198506732]
dendritic spine	cellular component	A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment, typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable:they can be thin, stubby, mushroom, or branched, with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity. [GOC:nln]
membrane raft	cellular component	Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. [PMID:16645198, PMID:20044567]
synapse	cellular component	The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. [GOC:aruk, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:24619342, PMID:29383328, PMID:31998110]
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	cellular component	Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. [GOC:jid]
cell periphery	cellular component	The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. [GOC:pdt]

Active In

This protein is active in 4 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
plasma membrane	cellular component	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]
postsynaptic density	cellular component	An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dos, GOC:ef, GOC:jid, GOC:pr, GOC:sjp, http://molneuro.kaist.ac.kr/psd, PMID:14532281, Wikipedia:Postsynaptic_density]
cytosol	cellular component	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
nucleus	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]

Part Of

This protein is part of 1 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
protein-containing complex	cellular component	A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 34 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
response to hypoxia	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. [GOC:hjd]
regulation of sodium ion transport	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:dph]
arginine catabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]
nitric oxide biosynthetic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. [GOC:ai]
striated muscle contraction	biological process	A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0198506732]
myoblast fusion	biological process	A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. [CL:0000056, GOC:mtg_muscle]
response to heat	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. [GOC:lr]
negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol	biological process	Any process that decreases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation	biological process	The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0230]
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine. [GOC:mah]
multicellular organismal response to stress	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). [GOC:mah]
xenobiotic catabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:jl, GOC:krc]
vasodilation	biological process	An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure. [GOC:pr, ISBN:0192800981]
negative regulation of potassium ion transport	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]
cell redox homeostasis	biological process	Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
negative regulation of hydrolase activity	biological process	Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. [GOC:ai]
negative regulation of serotonin uptake	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell. [GOC:ai]
negative regulation of calcium ion transport	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. [GOC:ecd]
regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity	biological process	Any process that modulates the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
cellular response to growth factor stimulus	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction	biological process	Any process that increases the force of heart muscle contraction. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dos, GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:rl, PMID:17242280]
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:hjd, PMID:19246489]
positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:18591664]
regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of generation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel. [GOC:dph, GOC:pg, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:1611048]
positive regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_miRNA, GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:rph, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:19893015]
positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity. [GOC:mah]
nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	biological process	An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with production of nitric oxide, detection by receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and ends with the activation of downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms. [GOC:jl, PMID:21549190]
response to hormone	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. [GOC:jl]
negative regulation of blood pressure	biological process	Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_cardio]
response to lipopolysaccharide	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464]