Proteins > Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase
Page last updated: 2024-08-07 16:43:31
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase
A xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P47989]
Synonyms
Research
Bioassay Publications (52)
| Timeframe | Studies on this Protein(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|
| pre-1990 | 1 (1.92) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 3 (5.77) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 19 (36.54) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 24 (46.15) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 5 (9.62) | 2.80 |
Compounds (81)
Drugs with Inhibition Measurements
| Drug | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Publication(s) |
|---|
| adenine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 43.2500 | 2 | 2 |
| taxifolin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 200.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| niacin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 518.2300 | 1 | 1 |
| propyl gallate | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 628.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| methyl gallate | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 15.5200 | 1 | 1 |
| methylparaben | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 50.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| catechin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 2-aminopurine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 200.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 3-hydroxyflavone | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-methylbenzimidazole | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 200.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| isovanillin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 50.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 3-hydroxy-1-benzopyran-2-one | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 131.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| butylated hydroxyanisole | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 591.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 2,6-diaminopurine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 200.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| o-(6)-methylguanine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 200.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| secoisolariciresinol | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 213.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| tangeretin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| isoscopoletin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 138.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 2-hydroxychavicol | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 16.7000 | 1 | 1 |
| epicatechin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| gallocatechol | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| nobiletin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 30.2600 | 1 | 1 |
| 1-methylxanthine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 200.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| monocerin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 648.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| febuxostat | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0164 | 6 | 6 |
| febuxostat | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0010 | 4 | 4 |
| cirsimarin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 4'-hydroxyflavanone | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 30.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| rubrofusarin B | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 16.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| yemuoside ym(10) | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 97.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 29.6400 | 1 | 1 |
| naringenin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 50.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| y-700 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0058 | 1 | 1 |
| thioguanine anhydrous | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 92.4200 | 1 | 1 |
| merbarone | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 274.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| quercetin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.0400 | 3 | 3 |
| quercetin | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.2800 | 1 | 1 |
| apigenin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.9500 | 2 | 2 |
| apigenin | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.5200 | 1 | 1 |
| luteolin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 6.6300 | 3 | 3 |
| luteolin | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 2.9000 | 1 | 1 |
| quercitrin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 57.3700 | 2 | 2 |
| coniferaldehyde | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 93.8800 | 1 | 1 |
| daphnetin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 390.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 25.9700 | 2 | 3 |
| rutin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 52.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| kaempferol | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.0600 | 1 | 1 |
| genistein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 616.2500 | 2 | 2 |
| esculetin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 8.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| 7-hydroxycoumarin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 236.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| axillarin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 36.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| baicalein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.7900 | 1 | 1 |
| chrysin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.8400 | 1 | 1 |
| fisetin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 4.3300 | 1 | 1 |
| galangin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| 3-methylquercetin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.5100 | 1 | 1 |
| morin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| myricetin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.3800 | 1 | 1 |
| santin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 36.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| daidzein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 714.9000 | 2 | 2 |
| 7-hydroxyflavone | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 38.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| veronicastroside | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 11.9000 | 1 | 1 |
| 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 508.4000 | 2 | 2 |
| 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1,000.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| topiroxostat | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0057 | 1 | 1 |
| cycloolivil | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 101.3800 | 1 | 1 |
| glycitein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 841.3000 | 2 | 2 |
| hypolaetin-8-glucoside | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 14.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| 4-methylesculetin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 246.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| ombuine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.7000 | 1 | 1 |
| tiliroside | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 2-amino-6-chloropurine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 200.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 4',7,8-trihydroxyisoflavone | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 503.3000 | 2 | 2 |
| broussochalcone a | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| fonsecinone a | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 19.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| salvianolic acid c | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 8.2600 | 1 | 1 |
| 4-hydroxycoumarin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 195.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| oxypurinol | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.5175 | 2 | 2 |
| allopurinol | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.9968 | 40 | 40 |
| allopurinol | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 2.8917 | 6 | 6 |
| bropirimine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 9-phenylguanine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.4074 | 1 | 1 |
Drugs with Other Measurements
| Drug | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Publication(s) |
|---|
| febuxostat | Homo sapiens (human) | Kis | 0.0009 | 1 | 1 |
Identification of novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors via virtual screening with enhanced characterization of molybdopterin binding groups.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Feb-15, Volume: 230, 2022
Intramolecular hydrogen bond interruption and scaffold hopping of TMC-5 led to 2-(4-alkoxy-3-cyanophenyl)pyrimidine-4/5-carboxylic acids and 6-(4-alkoxy-3-cyanophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-ones as potent pyrimidine-based xanthine oxidEuropean journal of medicinal chemistry, , Feb-05, Volume: 229, 2022
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of N-(3-cyano-1H-indol-5/6-yl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxamides and 5-(6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl)-1H-indole-3-carbonitriles as novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jan-05, Volume: 227, 2022
Pharmacological urate-lowering approaches in chronic kidney disease.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Mar-15, Volume: 166, 2019
Design, synthesis and bioevaluation of 2-mercapto-6-phenylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives as potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jul-15, Volume: 155, 2018
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors beyond allopurinol and febuxostat; an overview and selection of potential leads based on in silico calculated physico-chemical properties, predicted pharmacokinetics and toxicity.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jul-28, Volume: 135, 2017
HTS followed by NMR based counterscreening. Discovery and optimization of pyrimidones as reversible and competitive inhibitors of xanthine oxidase.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Mar-01, Volume: 24, Issue:5, 2014
Isocytosine-based inhibitors of xanthine oxidase: design, synthesis, SAR, PK and in vivo efficacy in rat model of hyperuricemia.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24, 2012
On the vasoprotective mechanisms underlying novel β-phosphorylated nitrones: Focus on free radical characterization, scavenging and NO-donation in a biological model of oxidative stress.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Aug-25, Volume: 119, 2016
X-ray crystal structure of a xanthine oxidase complex with the flavonoid inhibitor quercetin.Journal of natural products, , Jul-25, Volume: 77, Issue:7, 2014
Antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity of constituents of the leaves of Tachigalia paniculata.Journal of natural products, , Volume: 65, Issue:11, 2002
Structure-activity relationship and classification of flavonoids as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and superoxide scavengers.Journal of natural products, , Volume: 61, Issue:1, 1998
Discovery of xanthine oxidase inhibitors and/or α-glucosidase inhibitors by carboxyalkyl derivatization based on the flavonoid of apigenin.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Jul-15, Volume: 25, Issue:14, 2015
Flavones: an important scaffold for medicinal chemistry.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Sep-12, Volume: 84, 2014
Structure-activity relationship and classification of flavonoids as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and superoxide scavengers.Journal of natural products, , Volume: 61, Issue:1, 1998
An oxidative coupling product of luteolin with cysteine ester and its enhanced inhibitory activity for xanthine oxidase.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Aug-15, Volume: 25, Issue:16, 2015
Flavones: an important scaffold for medicinal chemistry.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Sep-12, Volume: 84, 2014
Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Artemisia minor.Journal of natural products, , Volume: 72, Issue:6, 2009
Structure-activity relationship and classification of flavonoids as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and superoxide scavengers.Journal of natural products, , Volume: 61, Issue:1, 1998
Intramolecular hydrogen bond interruption and scaffold hopping of TMC-5 led to 2-(4-alkoxy-3-cyanophenyl)pyrimidine-4/5-carboxylic acids and 6-(4-alkoxy-3-cyanophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-ones as potent pyrimidine-based xanthine oxidEuropean journal of medicinal chemistry, , Feb-05, Volume: 229, 2022
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of N-(3-cyano-1H-indol-5/6-yl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxamides and 5-(6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl)-1H-indole-3-carbonitriles as novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jan-05, Volume: 227, 2022
Isolation and biological activity of azocine and azocane alkaloids.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, , 01-15, Volume: 54, 2022
Development of novel NLRP3-XOD dual inhibitors for the treatment of gout.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , 02-15, Volume: 30, Issue:4, 2020
Pharmacological urate-lowering approaches in chronic kidney disease.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Mar-15, Volume: 166, 2019
Current progress on antioxidants incorporating the pyrazole core.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Aug-05, Volume: 156, 2018
Trisubstituted barbiturates and thiobarbiturates: Synthesis and biological evaluation as xanthine oxidase inhibitors, antioxidants, antibacterial and anti-proliferative agents.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jan-01, Volume: 143, 2018
Development of benzoxazole deoxybenzoin oxime and acyloxylamine derivatives targeting innate immune sensors and xanthine oxidase for treatment of gout.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, , 05-01, Volume: 26, Issue:8, 2018
Discovery of novel curcumin derivatives targeting xanthine oxidase and urate transporter 1 as anti-hyperuricemic agents.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, , 01-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1, 2017
Potential anti-gout constituents as xanthine oxidase inhibitor from the fruits of Stauntonia brachyanthera.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, , 07-01, Volume: 25, Issue:13, 2017
Berchemiosides A-C, 2-Acetoxy-ω-phenylpentaene Fatty Acid Triglycosides from the Unripe Fruits of Berchemia berchemiifolia.Journal of natural products, , 10-27, Volume: 80, Issue:10, 2017
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors beyond allopurinol and febuxostat; an overview and selection of potential leads based on in silico calculated physico-chemical properties, predicted pharmacokinetics and toxicity.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jul-28, Volume: 135, 2017
Synthesis and evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of 2-arylbenzo[b]furan derivatives based on salvianolic acid C.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Nov-29, Volume: 124, 2016
9-Benzoyl 9-deazaguanines as potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, , Jan-15, Volume: 24, Issue:2, 2016
Hydroxylated chalcones with dual properties: Xanthine oxidase inhibitors and radical scavengers.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, , Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4, 2016
On the vasoprotective mechanisms underlying novel β-phosphorylated nitrones: Focus on free radical characterization, scavenging and NO-donation in a biological model of oxidative stress.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Aug-25, Volume: 119, 2016
Discovery of xanthine oxidase inhibitors and/or α-glucosidase inhibitors by carboxyalkyl derivatization based on the flavonoid of apigenin.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Jul-15, Volume: 25, Issue:14, 2015
X-ray crystal structure of a xanthine oxidase complex with the flavonoid inhibitor quercetin.Journal of natural products, , Jul-25, Volume: 77, Issue:7, 2014
Flavones: an important scaffold for medicinal chemistry.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Sep-12, Volume: 84, 2014
Isocytosine-based inhibitors of xanthine oxidase: design, synthesis, SAR, PK and in vivo efficacy in rat model of hyperuricemia.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24, 2012
Antioxidant xanthone derivatives induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and enhance cell death induced by cisplatin in NTUB1 cells associated with ROS.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 46, Issue:4, 2011
Glutarimide alkaloids and a terpenoid benzoquinone from Cordia globifera.Journal of natural products, , May-28, Volume: 73, Issue:5, 2010
Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Artemisia minor.Journal of natural products, , Volume: 72, Issue:6, 2009
Preparation of two sets of 5,6,7-trioxygenated dihydroflavonol derivatives as free radical scavengers and neuronal cell protectors to oxidative damage.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, , May-01, Volume: 17, Issue:9, 2009
Schiff base transition metal complexes as novel inhibitors of xanthine oxidase.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 43, Issue:4, 2008
Synthesis of N-aryl-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazole derivatives as potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors.European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 43, Issue:4, 2008
ortho-dihydroxyisoflavone derivatives from aged Doenjang (Korean fermented soypaste) and its radical scavenging activity.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Sep-15, Volume: 18, Issue:18, 2008
Synthesis and cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities of 2',5'-dialkoxylchalcones as cancer chemopreventive agents.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, , Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15, 2008
Phloroglucinols with antioxidant activity and xanthonolignoids from the heartwood of Hypericum geminiflorum.Journal of natural products, , Volume: 71, Issue:6, 2008
The screening and characterization of 6-aminopurine-based xanthine oxidase inhibitors.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, , May-15, Volume: 15, Issue:10, 2007
Quercinol, an anti-inflammatory chromene from the wood-rotting fungus Daedalea quercina (Oak Mazegill).Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , May-01, Volume: 17, Issue:9, 2007
An apigenin-derived xanthine oxidase inhibitor from Palhinhaea cernua.Journal of natural products, , Volume: 69, Issue:7, 2006
Free-radical-scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory constituents from Stereospermum personatum.Journal of natural products, , Volume: 68, Issue:11, 2005
Bioactive constituents from Boswellia papyrifera.Journal of natural products, , Volume: 68, Issue:2, 2005
Novel 3-O-acyl mesquitol analogues as free-radical scavengers and enzyme inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, , Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16, 2003
2-styrylchromones as novel inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. A structure-activity study.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 17, Issue:1, 2002
New guaianolides and xanthine oxidase inhibitory flavonols from ajania fruticulosaJournal of natural products, , Volume: 62, Issue:7, 1999
Structure-activity relationship and classification of flavonoids as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and superoxide scavengers.Journal of natural products, , Volume: 61, Issue:1, 1998
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new imidazole, pyrimidine, and purine derivatives and analogs as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase.Journal of medicinal chemistry, , Jun-21, Volume: 39, Issue:13, 1996
Enables
This protein enables 11 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|
| xanthine dehydrogenase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH + H+. [EC:1.17.1.4] |
| xanthine oxidase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + H2O + O2 = urate + hydrogen peroxide. [EC:1.17.3.2] |
| iron ion binding | molecular function | Binding to an iron (Fe) ion. [GOC:ai] |
| protein binding | molecular function | Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators] |
| protein homodimerization activity | molecular function | Binding to an identical protein to form a homodimer. [GOC:jl] |
| molybdopterin cofactor binding | molecular function | Binding to a molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. [ISSN:09498257] |
| flavin adenine dinucleotide binding | molecular function | Binding to FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2. [GOC:ai, GOC:imk, ISBN:0198506732] |
| 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding | molecular function | Binding to a 2 iron, 2 sulfur (2Fe-2S) cluster; this cluster consists of two iron atoms, with two inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. [GOC:ai, PMID:15952888, Wikipedia:Iron-sulfur_cluster] |
| hypoxanthine dehydrogenase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde] |
| hypoxanthine oxidase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde] |
| FAD binding | molecular function | Binding to the oxidized form, FAD, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes. [GOC:mah] |
Located In
This protein is located in 4 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|
| extracellular space | cellular component | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684] |
| peroxisome | cellular component | A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism. [GOC:pm, PMID:9302272, UniProtKB-KW:KW-0576] |
| cytosol | cellular component | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl] |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | cellular component | A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage. [GOC:mtg_muscle, ISBN:0124325653, ISBN:0198547684] |
Active In
This protein is active in 2 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|
| cytosol | cellular component | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl] |
| extracellular space | cellular component | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684] |
Involved In
This protein is involved in 27 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|
| allantoin metabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, an intermediate or end product of purine catabolism. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] |
| negative regulation of protein phosphorylation | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. [GOC:hjd] |
| negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. [GOC:add] |
| guanine catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important. [GOC:go_curators] |
| inosine catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs. [GOC:go_curators] |
| deoxyinosine catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside. [GOC:go_curators] |
| adenosine catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes. [GOC:go_curators] |
| deoxyadenosine catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA. [GOC:go_curators] |
| deoxyguanosine catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose. [GOC:jl] |
| AMP catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of AMP, adenosine monophosphate. [ISBN:0198506732] |
| IMP catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IMP, inosine monophosphate. [ISBN:0198506732] |
| activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process | biological process | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process. [GOC:al, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb, PMID:14744432, PMID:18328827, Wikipedia:Caspase] |
| lactation | biological process | The regulated release of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young. [ISBN:0198506732] |
| hypoxanthine catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate. [PMID:3196295] |
| xanthine catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids. [GOC:go_curators] |
| negative regulation of gene expression | biological process | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018] |
| iron-sulfur cluster assembly | biological process | The incorporation of iron and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah, GOC:pde, GOC:vw] |
| amide catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. [GOC:curators] |
| negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GMP catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GMP, guanosine monophosphate. [GOC:go_curators] |
| dGMP catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate). [GOC:go_curators] |
| dAMP catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate). [GOC:go_curators] |
| negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction. [GOC:ai] |
| positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade. [GOC:TermGenie] |
| negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. [GOC:TermGenie] |
| positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process. [GOC:mah] |
| negative regulation of vasculogenesis | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis. [GOC:obol] |