Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q07869]

Synonyms

PPAR-alpha;
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 1

Research

Bioassay Publications (186)

Timeframe	Studies on this Protein(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	5 (2.69)	18.2507
2000's	87 (46.77)	29.6817
2010's	79 (42.47)	24.3611
2020's	15 (8.06)	2.80

Compounds (124)

Drugs with Potency Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)
palmitic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.7828	1
2,4,6-tribromophenol	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	37.6460	1
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenamide	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	8.9125	1
bithionol	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.6514	1
ciglitazone	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.6684	1
ciprofibrate	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	1
dichlorophen	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	1
endosulfan	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.6684	1
flufenamic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	28.1838	1
gossypol	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.8489	1
mefenamic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	1
mitotane	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	1
chlordan	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	1
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.6684	1
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	1
1-naphthylphenylamine	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	1
2-phenylphenol	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	251.1890	1
4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-cresol)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.8435	1
trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexanol	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.1220	1
12-hydroxy stearic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	1
dicofol	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	1
2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	1
2-Phenylethyl 2-aminobenzoate	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.5119	1
4-tert-octylphenol	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	1
myristic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.5278	1
allethrins	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	1
o,p'-ddt	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	1
heptachlor epoxide	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	1
antimycin a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	1
ioxynil	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.8489	1
bromoxynil	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	1
bromoxynil octanoate	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.6684	1
(2-hydroxy-4-(octyloxy)phenyl)phenylmethanone	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.6684	1
4-(octyloxy)benzoic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.0795	1
gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	1
bromotriethylstannane	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.0119	1
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.8326	1
isostearate	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	1
isopropyl 4,4'-dibromobenzilate	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	1
butylated hydroxytoluene	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	1
amitraz	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	1
oxyfluorofen	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	1
dichlorfop-methyl	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.6684	1
imazethapyr	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	1
lactofen	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	1
1-(diiodomethyl)sulfonyl-4-methyl benzene	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	28.1838	1
perfluorooctanesulfonamide	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.6684	1
2-bromopalmitate	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	1
4-chloro-n-((4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl)methyl)-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1h-pyrazole-5-carboxamide	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	1
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.0000	1
lanosterol	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.5893	1
oleic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	1
tamoxifen citrate	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	1
azoxystrobin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.9526	1
gw 7647	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0158	1
sodium dodecyl sulfate	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.6684	1
linoleic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	36.4261	1
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.6684	1
methylbenzethonium chloride	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	1
l-165041	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.2202	1
6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo(2,1-b)(1,3)thiazole-5-carbaldehyde o-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	1
sorbitan monooleate	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	1
gw0742	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.9953	1
mesosulfuron-methyl	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	1
sarkosyl	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	1
docusate sodium	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	1

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
bisindolylmaleimide i	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0060	1	6
fenofibrate	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.0000	1	1
pioglitazone	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	10.0000	1	1
pirinixic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	23.2050	2	2
pirinixic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	4.3150	2	2
fenofibric acid	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	34.1250	8	8
fenofibric acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	35.0000	1	1
telmisartan	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	10.0000	1	1
rosiglitazone	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	26.3892	18	18
rosiglitazone	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	33.3000	1	1
mk 767	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.9140	1	1
mk 767	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.2300	1	1
farglitazar	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.0435	2	2
farglitazar	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.4899	2	2
muraglitazar	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.2200	2	2
tesaglitazar	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.8000	1	1
tesaglitazar	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.0000	1	1
gw 409544	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0020	1	1
gw 6471	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.2400	1	1
drf 2725	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.9800	1	1
drf 2725	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.9800	1	1
gsk 3787	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	10.0000	1	1
gw 7647	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0005	1	1
gw 7647	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0046	4	4
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	20.0000	1	1
amorphastilbol	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.5200	1	1
gw 501516	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.1084	6	7
tzd 18	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0280	2	2
tzd 18	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0300	1	1
gw 9578	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.1200	1	1
gw 7845	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.1000	1	1
naveglitazar	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.7106	2	2
ly 465608	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.1740	1	1
ly 465608	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.1700	1	1
l 796449	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0540	2	2
3-chloro-4-(3-(7-propyl-3-trifluoromethyl-6-benzisoxazolyl)propylthio)phenylacetic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.2875	3	4
bm 131246	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	4.0860	1	1
aleglitazar	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0380	1	1
sotrastaurin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0031	1	6
gw9508	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	3.1623	1	1
bms 687453	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.2600	2	2
ys 121	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.0000	1	1
10-nitro-oleic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	15.0000	1	1
gsk0660	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	10.0000	1	1
ly 518674	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0240	2	2

Drugs with Activation Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
palmitic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	35.0000	1	1
gw 2433	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.1700	1	1
ciprofibrate	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.9000	2	2
clofibrate	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	55.0000	3	3
clofibric acid	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	52.1778	9	9
decanoic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	31.0000	1	1
fenofibrate	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	29.4350	12	12
gemfibrozil	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	114.3500	4	4
pioglitazone	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	6.6867	3	3
stearic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	40.0000	1	1
pirinixic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	8.9269	37	38
pirinixic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.0189	1	1
methyleugenol	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	46.5000	1	1
myristic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	13.0000	1	1
bezafibrate	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	44.5371	14	14
fenofibric acid	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	24.1787	19	19
ursolic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	41.3100	1	1
telmisartan	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	10.0000	1	1
rosiglitazone	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	6.7768	40	40
mk 767	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.8715	8	8
mk 767	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.2290	2	2
jtt 501	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	1.9000	2	2
anacardic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	3.5000	1	1
farglitazar	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.3717	7	7
muraglitazar	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.9528	9	9
tesaglitazar	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	3.2116	11	12
oleic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	36.0000	1	1
gw 409544	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.0513	5	5
drf 2725	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	3.1367	6	6
epipinoresinol	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	60.0000	1	1
gw 7647	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.6169	38	38
gw 7647	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	32.1445	3	3
psi-baptigenin	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	8.9000	3	3
n-oleoylethanolamine	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.1438	5	5
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	100.0000	1	1
amorphastilbol	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	12.0000	1	1
gw 1929	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	55.3000	1	1
l-165041	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	5.4885	2	2
alpha-glutamyltryptophan	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	83.4000	1	1
alpha-glutamyltryptophan	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	120.0000	1	1
gw 501516	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	2.7290	19	24
tzd 18	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.0273	3	3
gft505	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.4381	5	5
gw 9578	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.1452	10	10
gw 7845	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	3.5000	2	2
naveglitazar	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	2.8080	2	2
ly 465608	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.1498	3	3
l 796449	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.0110	2	2
gw0742	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	1.5067	3	3
3-chloro-4-(3-(7-propyl-3-trifluoromethyl-6-benzisoxazolyl)propylthio)phenylacetic acid	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.1250	1	1
ns-220	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	2.3540	3	3
bm 131246	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.7710	1	1
gw 590735	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	1.1725	9	11
gw 590735	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.1700	1	1
aleglitazar	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.0500	1	1
mbx-8025	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	1.2500	2	2
lt175	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.2661	8	10
bms 687453	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.0222	3	3
amorfrutin a	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	27.0000	1	1
amorfrutin b	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	2.6000	1	1
ys 121	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	1.0000	1	1
ly 518674	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	0.0420	3	3

Drugs with Other Measurements

Drug	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Publication(s)
troglitazone	Homo sapiens (human)	Fold activation	1.1200	1	1
farglitazar	Homo sapiens (human)	Log Ki	6.3100	1	1
gw 1929	Homo sapiens (human)	Log Ki	5.5000	1	1

Enables

This protein enables 23 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	molecular function	Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:txnOH-2018]
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	molecular function	A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:txnOH-2018]
DNA-binding transcription activator activity	molecular function	A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that activates or increases transcription of specific gene sets. [GOC:txnOH-2018]
transcription coactivator binding	molecular function	Binding to a transcription coactivator, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other proteins that positively regulate transcription. Transcription coactivators do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. [GOC:krc]
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	molecular function	A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:txnOH-2018]
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	molecular function	A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that activates or increases transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:aruk, GOC:txnOH-2018, PMID:20737563, PMID:27145859]
DNA binding	molecular function	Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb, GOC:vw]
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	molecular function	A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons. [GOC:txnOH-2018]
nuclear steroid receptor activity	molecular function	Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function. [GOC:signaling, PMID:14708019]
nuclear receptor activity	molecular function	A DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulated by binding to a ligand that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Nuclear receptor ligands are usually lipid-based (such as a steroid hormone) and the binding of the ligand to its receptor often occurs in the cytosol, which leads to its translocation to the nucleus. [GOC:txnOH-2018, PMID:23457262]
protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
zinc ion binding	molecular function	Binding to a zinc ion (Zn). [GOC:ai]
lipid binding	molecular function	Binding to a lipid. [GOC:ai]
phosphatase binding	molecular function	Binding to a phosphatase. [GOC:jl]
protein domain specific binding	molecular function	Binding to a specific domain of a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding	molecular function	Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase. [GOC:bf]
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding	molecular function	Binding to a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, any of the E2 proteins. [GOC:vp]
sequence-specific DNA binding	molecular function	Binding to DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding. [GOC:jl]
protein-containing complex binding	molecular function	Binding to a macromolecular complex. [GOC:jl]
NFAT protein binding	molecular function	Binding to NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) proteins, a family of transcription factors. NFAT proteins have crucial roles in the development and function of the immune system. [PMID:15928679]
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	molecular function	Binding to a sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors that interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. [GOC:dph, GOC:vw]
MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding	molecular function	Binding to a member of the MDM2/MDM4 protein family, comprising negative regulators of p53. [InterPro:IPR016495]
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	molecular function	Binding to a DNA-binding transcription factor, a protein that interacts with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription. [GOC:txnOH-2018]

Located In

This protein is located in 2 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
nucleus	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]
nucleoplasm	cellular component	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653]

Active In

This protein is active in 1 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
nucleus	cellular component	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators]

Part Of

This protein is part of 1 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
chromatin	cellular component	The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. [GOC:elh, PMID:20404130]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 42 target(s):

Target	Category	Definition
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
response to hypoxia	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. [GOC:hjd]
gluconeogenesis	biological process	The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. [MetaCyc:GLUCONEO-PWY]
heart development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0000948]
response to nutrient	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus. [GOC:go_curators]
epidermis development	biological process	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. [GOC:go_curators, UBERON:0001003]
cellular response to starvation	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment. [GOC:jl]
regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process	biological process	Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	biological process	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions. [GOC:add, GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of cholesterol storage	biological process	Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride	biological process	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids. [GOC:go_curators]
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a receptor located within a cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah]
positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation. [GOC:mah]
negative regulation of appetite	biological process	Any process that reduces appetite. [GOC:add]
response to insulin	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]
circadian regulation of gene expression	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression such that an expression pattern recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. [GOC:mah]
behavioral response to nicotine	biological process	Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732]
wound healing	biological process	The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. [GOC:bf, PMID:15269788]
lipoprotein metabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. [ISBN:0198506732]
regulation of circadian rhythm	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb]
steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor. [PMID:12606724]
response to ethanol	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of gluconeogenesis	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]
negative regulation of blood pressure	biological process	Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_cardio]
negative regulation of glycolytic process	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. [GOC:go_curators]
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]
nitric oxide metabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation. [GOC:ai]
positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids. [GOC:ai]
negative regulation of inflammatory response	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. [GOC:ai]
negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development	biological process	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. [GOC:dph]
enamel mineralization	biological process	The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited in tooth enamel. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:sl, PMID:10206335, PMID:16931858, PMID:21196346]
cellular response to fructose stimulus	biological process	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus. [GOC:mah]
negative regulation of miRNA transcription	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA (miRNA) gene transcription. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:24699545]
negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion	biological process	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:21106532]
regulation of fatty acid transport	biological process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport. [GOC:BHF]
hormone-mediated signaling pathway	biological process	The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone. [GOC:sm]
fatty acid metabolic process	biological process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis. [ISBN:0198547684]
positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	biological process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids. [GOC:go_curators]
cell differentiation	biological process	The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. [ISBN:0198506732]