A protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P21980]
EC 2.3.2.13;
Tissue transglutaminase;
Transglutaminase C;
TG(C);
TGC;
TGase C;
Transglutaminase H;
TGase H;
Transglutaminase-2;
TGase-2
| Timeframe | Studies on this Protein(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1 (20.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 4 (80.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Drug | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Publication(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-(2-naphthalenyl)-3-[(phenylmethyl)-propan-2-ylamino]-1-propanone | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 18.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| beta-lapachone | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| vitamin k 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-bromoisatin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 65.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| isatin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 250.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| indirubin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-Chloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 65.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 5-iodoisatin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 65.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| isoindigotin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 8.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| isoindigotin | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 41.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| n-phenylacrylamide | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 43.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| nsc 95397 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| ag-213 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| rottlerin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 20.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| gw-5074 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 15.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| glutaminase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0450 | 1 | 1 |
| guanylyl imidodiphosphate | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 27.0000 | 1 | 1 |
This protein enables 10 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutaminyl-[protein] + L-lysyl-[protein] = [protein]-L-lysyl-N(6)-5-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4+. This reaction is the formation of the N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine isopeptide, resulting in cross-linking polypeptide chains; the gamma-carboxamide groups of peptidyl-glutamine residues act as acyl donors, and the 6-amino-groups of peptidyl-lysine residues act as acceptors, to give intra- and intermolecular N6-(5-glutamyl)lysine cross-links. [EC:2.3.2.13] |
| calcium ion binding | molecular function | Binding to a calcium ion (Ca2+). [GOC:ai] |
| protein binding | molecular function | Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GTP binding | molecular function | Binding to GTP, guanosine triphosphate. [GOC:ai] |
| peptidase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0815332181] |
| protein-glutamine glutaminase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamine + H2O = protein L-glutamate + NH3. [EC:3.5.1.44, MetaCyc:CHEBDEAMID-RXN] |
| histone serotonyltransferase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutaminyl-[histone] + serotonin = 5-serotonyl-L-glutamyl-[histone] + NH4(+). [GOC:sp, PMID:30867594] |
| histone dopaminyltransferase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reaction: dopamine + L-glutaminyl-[histone] = 5-dopaminyl-L-glutamyl-[histone] + NH4(+). [GOC:sp, PMID:32273471] |
| peptide noradrenalinyltransferase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-noradrenaline + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-(R)-noradrenalinyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4(+). [GOC:sp, PMID:22858378] |
| peptide histaminyltransferase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-histaminyl-L-glutamyl-[protein]. [GOC:sp, PMID:23022564, PMID:23797785] |
This protein is located in 10 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| nucleus | cellular component | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators] |
| mitochondrion | cellular component | A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. [GOC:giardia, ISBN:0198506732] |
| endoplasmic reticulum | cellular component | The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). [ISBN:0198506732] |
| cytosol | cellular component | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl] |
| plasma membrane | cellular component | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363] |
| focal adhesion | cellular component | A cell-substrate junction that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments. In insects focal adhesion has also been referred to as hemi-adherens junction (HAJ). [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, ISBN:0124325653, ISBN:0815316208, PMID:10419689, PMID:12191915, PMID:15246682, PMID:1643657, PMID:16805308, PMID:19197329, PMID:23033047, PMID:26923917, PMID:28796323, PMID:8314002] |
| extracellular matrix | cellular component | A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:rph, NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513, PMID:21123617, PMID:28089324] |
| perinuclear region of cytoplasm | cellular component | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. [GOC:jid] |
| collagen-containing extracellular matrix | cellular component | An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rph, PMID:21123617] |
| extracellular exosome | cellular component | A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:vesicles, PMID:15908444, PMID:17641064, PMID:19442504, PMID:19498381, PMID:22418571, PMID:24009894] |
This protein is active in 1 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| mitochondrion | cellular component | A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. [GOC:giardia, ISBN:0198506732] |
This protein is part of 2 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| chromatin | cellular component | The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. [GOC:elh, PMID:20404130] |
| nucleosome | cellular component | A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures. [GOC:elh] |
This protein is involved in 22 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| chromatin remodeling | biological process | A dynamic process of chromatin reorganization resulting in changes to chromatin structure. These changes allow DNA metabolic processes such as transcriptional regulation, DNA recombination, DNA repair, and DNA replication. [GOC:jid, GOC:vw, PMID:12042764, PMID:12697820] |
| proteolysis | biological process | The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah] |
| phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | biological process | A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb, ISBN:0815316194] |
| peptide cross-linking | biological process | The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains. [GOC:jsg] |
| protein deamination | biological process | The removal of an amino group from a protein amino acid. [GOC:ai] |
| negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration | biological process | Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:mah] |
| regulation of apoptotic process | biological process | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |
| positive regulation of apoptotic process | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |
| apoptotic cell clearance | biological process | The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte. [GOC:rk, PMID:14685684] |
| positive regulation of GTPase activity | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah] |
| positive regulation of cell adhesion | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. [GOC:go_curators] |
| positive regulation of neurogenesis | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. [GOC:ai] |
| positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. [GOC:ai] |
| positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration | biological process | Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria. [GOC:ai] |
| bone development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. [GOC:dph] |
| branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis | biological process | The process in which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized. [GOC:dph] |
| salivary gland cavitation | biological process | The process in which the solid core of salivary epithelium gives rise to the hollow tube of the gland. [GOC:dph] |
| cellular response to cocaine | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. [GOC:mah] |
| cellular response to dopamine | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:mr, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:11118945] |
| positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:16756958] |
| cellular response to serotonin | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:1505525] |
| regulation of apoptotic cell clearance | biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance. [GOC:obol] |