Page last updated: 2024-08-07 16:36:10

TGF-beta receptor type-2

A TGF-beta receptor type-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P37173]

Synonyms

TGFR-2;
EC 2.7.11.30;
TGF-beta type II receptor;
Transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II;
TGF-beta receptor type II;
TbetaR-II

Research

Bioassay Publications (10)

TimeframeStudies on this Protein(%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's4 (40.00)29.6817
2010's6 (60.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Compounds (230)

Drugs with Inhibition Measurements

DrugTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Publication(s)
hts 466284Homo sapiens (human)IC500.400011
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideHomo sapiens (human)IC500.066011
ly2090314Homo sapiens (human)IC501.200011
ly-2157299Homo sapiens (human)IC501.300011
dorsomorphinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.102911
ly2109761Homo sapiens (human)IC500.190011
ldn 193189Homo sapiens (human)IC500.148222
ldn-212854Homo sapiens (human)IC500.327011

Drugs with Activation Measurements

DrugTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Publication(s)
fasudilHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolineHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
sb 202190Homo sapiens (human)Kd10.000011
imatinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
triciribine phosphateHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
staurosporineHomo sapiens (human)Kd10.000022
picropodophyllinHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
gefitinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
lestaurtinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.786733
vatalanibHomo sapiens (human)Kd20.000034
ruboxistaurinHomo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
canertinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.800022
birb 796Homo sapiens (human)Kd10.000022
cyc 202Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
sb 203580Homo sapiens (human)Kd1.800022
enzastaurinHomo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
erlotinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
lapatinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
sorafenibHomo sapiens (human)Kd14.225044
pd 173955Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.270011
s 1033Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
xl147Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
bms 387032Homo sapiens (human)Kd11.600033
sf 2370Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
tandutinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd15.000044
vx-745Homo sapiens (human)Kd10.000022
dasatinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd2.973733
ha 1100Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
7-epi-hydroxystaurosporineHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
zd 6474Homo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideHomo sapiens (human)Kd10.000011
imd 0354Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
sirolimusHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
alvocidibHomo sapiens (human)Kd13.733333
bosutinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
orantinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
su 11248Homo sapiens (human)Kd15.000044
palbociclibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
jnj-7706621Homo sapiens (human)Kd10.000011
vx680Homo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
cyc 116Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.300011
everolimusHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
ekb 569Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
axitinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
temsirolimusHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
pd 184352Homo sapiens (human)Kd10.000011
on 01910Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
av 412Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
telatinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
y-39983Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
cp 547632Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
bms345541Homo sapiens (human)Kd10.000011
lenvatinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
pd 0325901Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
midostaurinHomo sapiens (human)Kd15.000044
px-866Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
osi 930Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
ki 20227Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.320011
scio-469Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
cp 724714Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
pi103Homo sapiens (human)Kd10.000022
hmn-214Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
tivozanibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
hki 272Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
tofacitinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
n-(6-chloro-7-methoxy-9h-beta-carbolin-8-yl)-2-methylnicotinamideHomo sapiens (human)Kd10.000011
cediranibHomo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
masitinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
ly-2157299Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
pazopanibHomo sapiens (human)Kd14.333333
azd 6244Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
su 14813Homo sapiens (human)Kd10.000022
bibw 2992Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
binimetinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
sotrastaurinHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
aee 788Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
saracatinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
vx 702Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
crenolanibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
tg100-115Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
cc 401Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
bms 599626Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000012
exel-7647Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
volasertibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
pha 665752Homo sapiens (human)Kd10.000011
azd 7762Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
regorafenibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
6-[[5-fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-oneHomo sapiens (human)Kd15.165022
brivanibHomo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
rgb 286638Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.080011
np 031112Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
at 7519Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
bms-690514Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000012
bi 2536Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
inno-406Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
nvp-ast487Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.260022
kw 2449Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
danusertibHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.863011
abt 869Homo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
azd 8931Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
arq 197Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
azd 1152Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
pf 00299804Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
ridaforolimusHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
ch 4987655Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
6-(5-((cyclopropylamino)carbonyl)-3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-n-(2,2-dimethylprpyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamideHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
cc-930Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
gw 2580Homo sapiens (human)Kd10.000022
tak 285Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
idelalisibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
crizotinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
osi 906Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
chir-265Homo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
motesanibHomo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
fostamatinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
trametinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
mln8054Homo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
pf-562,271Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
GDC-0879Homo sapiens (human)Kd10.000011
jnj-26483327Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
ly2603618Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
tg100801Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.703011
dactolisibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
bgt226Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
gsk 461364Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
azd 1152-hqpaHomo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
nvp-tae684Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.250011
enmd 2076Homo sapiens (human)Kd2.348011
e 7050Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
tak-901Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
gdc-0973Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000012
azd 1480Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000012
azd8330Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
pha 848125Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
ro5126766Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
fedratinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd1.100011
gsk690693Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
14-methyl-20-oxa-5,7,14,26-tetraazatetracyclo(19.3.1.1(2,6).1(8,12))heptacosa-1(25),2(26),3,5,8(27),9,11,16,21,23-decaeneHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
azd5438Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
pf 04217903Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
gdc 0941Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
icotinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
ph 797804Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
kx-01Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
plx 4720Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.890011
mk 5108Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
cx 4945Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000012
cudc 101Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
arry-614Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
tak 593Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000012
mln 8237Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
sgx 523Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
bms 754807Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
bms 777607Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
sgi 1776Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
pci 32765Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
ponatinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd1.779011
amg 900Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
mk-1775Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
AMG-208Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
quizartinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
tak 733Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
mk 2206Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
sns 314Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
lucitanibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
pf-04691502Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
n-(cyanomethyl)-4-(2-((4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)amino)-4-pyrimidinyl)benzamideHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
dcc-2036Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
cabozantinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
defactinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
ly2584702Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
incb-018424Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
poziotinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
asp3026Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
entrectinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
pexidartinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
TAK-580Homo sapiens (human)Kd1.641011
gsk 2126458Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
emd1214063Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
gsk 1838705aHomo sapiens (human)Kd10.000011
pf 3758309Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000012
gdc 0980Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
azd2014Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
(5-(2,4-bis((3s)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanolHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
plx4032Homo sapiens (human)Kd3.396011
gsk 1363089Homo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
arry-334543Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
kin-193Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
mk 2461Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
bay 869766Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
as 703026Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
baricitinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
dabrafenibHomo sapiens (human)Kd2.534011
pki 587Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
n-(3-fluoro-4-((1-methyl-6-(1h-pyrazol-4-yl)-1h-indazol-5 yl)oxy)phenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamideHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
ribociclibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
mk-8033Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
pha 793887Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
sb 1518Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
abemaciclibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
mk-8776Homo sapiens (human)Kd4.725011
afuresertibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
gsk 1070916Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
jnj38877605Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
dinaciclibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
gilteritinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000012
alectinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
glpg0634Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
encorafenibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
bms-911543Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
azd8186Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
cep-32496Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
rociletinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
ceritinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
vx-509Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
debio 1347Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
volitinibHomo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
at 9283Homo sapiens (human)Kd1.384011
otssp167Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
chir 258Homo sapiens (human)Kd16.666733
osi 027Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
nintedanibHomo sapiens (human)Kd20.000022
bay 80-6946Homo sapiens (human)Kd30.000011
pp242Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.250011

Enables

This protein enables 14 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activitymolecular functionCombining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. [EC:2.7.11.30]
transforming growth factor beta receptor activitymolecular functionCombining with a transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]
transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type IImolecular functionCombining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyzes the phosphorylation of a type I TGF-beta receptor. [GOC:mah, Reactome:R-HSA-170861]
protein bindingmolecular functionBinding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators]
ATP bindingmolecular functionBinding to ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. [ISBN:0198506732]
glycosaminoglycan bindingmolecular functionBinding to a glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]
kinase activator activitymolecular functionBinds to and increases the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. [GOC:ai]
type I transforming growth factor beta receptor bindingmolecular functionBinding to a type I transforming growth factor beta receptor. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]
SMAD bindingmolecular functionBinding to a SMAD signaling protein. [GOC:ai]
metal ion bindingmolecular functionBinding to a metal ion. [GOC:ai]
transforming growth factor beta bindingmolecular functionBinding to TGF-beta, transforming growth factor beta, a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. [ISBN:0198506732]
molecular adaptor activitymolecular functionThe binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. [GOC:mtg_MIT_16mar07, GOC:vw]
activin receptor activitymolecular functionCombining with activin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Activin is one of two gonadal glycoproteins related to transforming growth factor beta. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0198506732]
activin bindingmolecular functionBinding to activin, a dimer of inhibin-beta subunits. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah]

Located In

This protein is located in 7 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
extracellular regioncellular componentThe space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. [GOC:go_curators]
cytosolcellular componentThe part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl]
plasma membranecellular componentThe membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]
caveolacellular componentA membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0721662544, PMID:16645198]
external side of plasma membranecellular componentThe leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface. [GOC:dos, GOC:tb]
membranecellular componentA lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194]
membrane raftcellular componentAny of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. [PMID:16645198, PMID:20044567]

Active In

This protein is active in 1 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
plasma membranecellular componentThe membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363]

Part Of

This protein is part of 2 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
transforming growth factor beta ligand-receptor complexcellular componentA protein complex that is formed by the association of a TGF-beta dimeric ligand with 2 molecules of each receptor molecule, TGF-beta type I receptor and TGF-beta type II receptor. The receptor molecules may form homo- or heterodimers but only once bound by the ligand. [Reactome:R-HSA-170840]
receptor complexcellular componentAny protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. [GOC:go_curators]

Involved In

This protein is involved in 63 target(s):

TargetCategoryDefinition
blood vessel developmentbiological processThe process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. [GOC:hjd, UBERON:0001981]
branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesisbiological processThe process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. [GOC:dph]
vasculogenesisbiological processThe differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. [PMID:8999798]
in utero embryonic developmentbiological processThe process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]
epithelial to mesenchymal transitionbiological processA transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. [GOC:dph, PMID:14701881]
heart loopingbiological processThe tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation. [GOC:dph, PMID:12094232]
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferationbiological processThe process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. [GOC:dph]
lens development in camera-type eyebiological processThe process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0582064333]
positive regulation of tolerance induction to self antigenbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen. [GOC:add]
positive regulation of B cell tolerance inductionbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction. [GOC:add]
positive regulation of T cell tolerance inductionbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction. [GOC:add]
outflow tract septum morphogenesisbiological processThe process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. [GOC:mtg_heart]
membranous septum morphogenesisbiological processThe process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum. [GOC:mtg_heart]
outflow tract morphogenesisbiological processThe process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. [GOC:mtg_heart, UBERON:0004145]
aortic valve morphogenesisbiological processThe process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]
atrioventricular valve morphogenesisbiological processThe process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]
tricuspid valve morphogenesisbiological processThe process in which the structure of the tricuspid valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]
cardiac left ventricle morphogenesisbiological processThe process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]
endocardial cushion fusionbiological processThe cell-cell adhesion process of mesenchymal cardiac cushion cells that contributes to the process of cushion shaping. [GOC:mtg_heart]
growth plate cartilage chondrocyte growthbiological processThe growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time from one condition to another. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
apoptotic processbiological processA programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. [GOC:cjm, GOC:dhl, GOC:ecd, GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:18846107, PMID:21494263]
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwaybiological processThe series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]
Notch signaling pathwaybiological processThe series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:signaling]
smoothened signaling pathwaybiological processThe series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened. [GOC:mah, PMID:15057936, PMID:15205520]
gastrulationbiological processA complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. [GOC:curators, ISBN:9780878933846]
brain developmentbiological processThe process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb, UBERON:0000955]
heart developmentbiological processThe process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0000948]
positive regulation of cell population proliferationbiological processAny process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]
response to xenobiotic stimulusbiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:jl, GOC:krc]
regulation of gene expressionbiological processAny process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). [GOC:txnOH-2018]
positive regulation of epithelial cell migrationbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transitionbiological processAny process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
activation of protein kinase activitybiological processAny process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase. [GOC:mah]
activin receptor signaling pathwaybiological processThe series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:rl, GOC:signaling]
embryonic hemopoiesisbiological processThe stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo. [GOC:bf]
aorta morphogenesisbiological processThe process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. [GOC:bf, GOC:dgh, MA:0000062, UBERON:0000947, Wikipedia:Aorta]
regulation of cell population proliferationbiological processAny process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:jl]
myeloid dendritic cell differentiationbiological processThe process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin. [CL:0000782, GOC:jl]
positive regulation of angiogenesisbiological processAny process that activates or increases angiogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]
embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesisbiological processThe process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. [GOC:dsf, GOC:jid, PMID:16049113]
artery morphogenesisbiological processThe process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs. [GOC:dsf, PMID:16740480]
positive regulation of NK T cell differentiationbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation. [ISBN:0781735149, PMID:12154375, PMID:9133426]
roof of mouth developmentbiological processThe biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the roof of the mouth from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The roof of the mouth is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0721662544]
positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transductionbiological processAny process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
SMAD protein signal transductionbiological processAn intracellular signaling cassette that starts with the activation of a SMAD protein, leading to the formation of a complex with co-SMADs, which translocates to the nucleus and regulates transcription of specific target genes. [GOC:BHF]
ventricular septum morphogenesisbiological processThe developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another. [GOC:dph]
bronchus morphogenesisbiological processThe process in which the bronchus is generated and organized. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs. [GOC:dph]
trachea formationbiological processThe process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. [GOC:dph]
mammary gland morphogenesisbiological processThe process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis refers to the creation of shape. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. [GOC:dph]
lung lobe morphogenesisbiological processThe process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung. [GOC:dph]
Langerhans cell differentiationbiological processThe process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a Langerhans cell. [GOC:dph, PMID:22729249]
secondary palate developmentbiological processThe biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The secondary palate is the part of the palate formed from the fusion of the two palatine shelves, extensions of the maxillary prominences. [PMID:28784960]
response to cholesterolbiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus. [GOC:BHF, GOC:vk]
regulation of stem cell proliferationbiological processAny process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formationbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:18718461]
inferior endocardial cushion morphogenesisbiological processThe developmental process by which an inferior endocardial cushion is generated and organized. [GO_REF:0000083, GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:17050629]
lens fiber cell apoptotic processbiological processAny apoptotic process in a lens fiber cell. Lens fiber cells are elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye. [CL:0011004, GOC:hjd, PMID:11095619]
miRNA transportbiological processThe directed movement of microRNA (miRNA) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GO:jl, PMID:24356509]
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process. [GOC:mah]
positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferationbiological processAny process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation. [GOC:obol]
regulation of stem cell differentiationbiological processAny process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation. [GOC:obol]
cellular response to growth factor stimulusbiological processAny process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. [GOC:mah]
protein phosphorylationbiological processThe process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. [GOC:hb]