Compounds > 3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-isobutylpiperazinyl)benzoxazinorifamycin
Page last updated: 2024-10-15

3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-isobutylpiperazinyl)benzoxazinorifamycin

Description

KRM 1648: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID135431094
CHEMBL ID236297
CHEBI ID188526
SCHEMBL ID76007
MeSH IDM0188424

Synonyms (41)

Synonym
krm-1648 & mao-bushi-saishin-to
krm-1648 & mbst
2,7-(epoxy[1,11,13]pentadecatrienoimino)-6h-benzofuro[4,5-a]phenoxazine-1,6,15(2h)-trione, 25-(acetyloxy)-5,12,21,23-tetrahydroxy-27-methoxy-2,4,16,20,22,24,26-heptamethyl-10-[4-(2-methylpropyl)-1-piperazinyl]-, (2s,16z,18e,20s,21s,22r,23r,24r,25s,26r,27s
krm-1648 and yokuinin
D02550
rlz ,
rifalazil (usan/inn)
benzoxazinorifamycin
krm-1648 & scretory leukocyte protease inhibitor
129791-92-0
3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-isobutylpiperazinyl)benzoxazinorifamycin
krm 1648
krm-1648
[tetrahydroxy-(4-isobutylpiperazin-1-yl)-methoxy-heptamethyl-trioxo-[?]yl] acetate
rifamycin viii, 1',4-didehydro-1-deoxy-1,4-dihydro-3'-hydroxy-5'-[4-(2-methylpropyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-oxo-
pa-1648
(2s,20s,21s,22r,23r,24r,25s,26r,27s)-5,12,21,23-tetrahydroxy-10-(4-isobutylpiperazin-1-yl)-27-methoxy-2,4,16,20,22,24,26-heptamethyl-1,6,15-trioxo-1,2-dihydro-6h-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13]trienoimino)[1]benzofuro[4,5-a]phenoxazin-25-yl acetate
rifalazil
rifalazil [usan:inn]
(2s,16z,18e,20s,21s,22r,23r,24r,25s,26r,27s,28e)-5,12,21,23,25-pentahydroxy-10-(4-isobutyl-1-piperazinyl)-27-methoxy-2,4,16,20,22,24,26-heptamethyl-2,7-(epoxypentadeca(1,11,13)trienimino)-6h-benzofuro(4,5-a)phenoxazine-1(2h),6,15-trione 25-acetate
abi 1648
rifamycin viii, 1',4-didehydro-1-deoxy-1,4-dihydro-3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-(2-methylpropyl)-1-piperazinyl)-1-oxo-
CHEMBL236297
CHEBI:188526
[(7s,9e,11s,12r,13s,14r,15r,16r,17s,18s,19e,21z)-2,6,15,17-tetrahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-30-[4-(2-methylpropyl)piperazin-1-yl]-23,32,37-trioxo-8,27,38-trioxa-24,34-diazahexacyclo[23.11.1.14,7.05,36.026,35.028,33]octatriaconta-1,3,
abi1648
abi-1648
unii-s1976te8qk
s1976te8qk ,
3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-isobutyl-1-piperazinyl)benzoxazinorifamycin
DB04934
SCHEMBL76007
rifalazil [mi]
1',4-didehydro-1-deoxy-1,4-dihydro-3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-(2-methylpropyl)-1-piperazinyl)-1-oxorifamycin viii
rifalazil [usan]
rifalazil [inn]
(7s,9e,11s,12r,13s,14r,15r,16r,17s,18s,19e,21z)-2,15,17,32-tetrahydroxy-30-(4-isobutyl-1-piperazinyl)-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-6,23,37-trioxo-8,27,38-trioxa-24,34-diazahexacyclo[23.11;.1.14,7.05,36.026,35.028,33]octatriaconta-1(36),2,4,9,
HY-105099
bdbm50491559
Q7333206
CS-0024983

Toxicity

ExcerptReference
" The overall treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) and treatment-related TEAE rates were lower in the rifalazil group (68% and 55%) than in the azithromycin group (71% and 62%), respectively."( Randomized, double-blind, multicenter safety and efficacy study of rifalazil compared with azithromycin for treatment of uncomplicated genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women.
Batteiger, BE; Geisler, WM; Hurwitz, SJ; Koltun, WD; Mathew, J; Mayes, A; Morgan, F; Pascual, ML; Sayada, C; Schinazi, RF; Tao, S, 2014)

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReference
" MAC organisms were inoculated into tubes containing the medium with or without the addition of test drugs at either 1/10 Cmax, Cmax or C0-8h (average concentrations during the first 8 h) in the blood."( [Anti-Mycobacterium avium complex activities of KRM-1648, clarithromycin and levofloxacin in 7HSF medium at peak or average blood concentrations after their oral administration of clinical dosages].
Akaki, T; Sato, K; Tomioka, H, 1997)
" Another striking finding was the large reduction of the pharmacokinetic intersubject variability after rifalazil administration with food."( Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of rifalazil, a novel antibacterial, in healthy male volunteers.
Cabana, B; Chen, YX; Kivel, N; Michaelis, A, 2007)
" The geometric mean ratios for the difference between EE alone and following rifalazil for EE Cmax, AUC(0-24) and Cmin were 105."( Lack of effect of rifalazil on ethinyl estradiol pharmacokinetics in healthy postmenopausal women.
Cabana, B; Chen, YX; Gilman, S; Kivel, N; Michaelis, A; Pieniaszek, H, 2007)

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReference
" We investigated the activity of three doses of the semisynthetic benzoxazinorifamycin KRM 1648, alone or in combination with ethambutol or clarithromycin, in beige mice challenged with the MAC strain 101."( Activity of KRM 1648 alone or in combination with ethambutol or clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium in beige mouse model of disseminated infection.
Bermudez, LE; Inderlied, CB; Kolonoski, P; Young, LS, 1994)
"In this study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-Mycobacterium leprae activity of the newly developed benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648, in combination with clofazimine (CFZ) or dapsone (DDS) was evaluated."( Therapeutic efficacy of benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648, in combination with other antimicrobials against Mycobacterium leprae infection induced in nude mice.
Dekio, S; Saito, H; Sato, K; Tomioka, H, 1994)
"A study was performed on the therapeutic efficacy of KRM-1648 combined with LC9018 in beige mice infected with Mycobacterium intracellulare."( [Therapeutic efficacy of a benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648, combined with a immunopotentiator, LC9018, in Mycobacterium intracellulare infection induced in beige mice].
Hidaka, T; Saito, H; Sato, K; Tomioka, H, 1993)
"The activity of KRM-1648, alone and in combination with isoniazid, was compared with those of isoniazid, rifampin, and the combination of rifampin plus isoniazid in a murine model of tuberculosis."( Activity of KRM-1648 in combination with isoniazid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a murine model.
Cynamon, MH; Klemens, SP, 1996)
"The in vivo activities of KRM-1648 alone or in combination with both ethambutol (EB) and kanamycin (KM) or clarithromycin (CAM) were tested against Mycobacterium intracellulare infections in beige mice."( Activity of KRM-1648 alone or in combination with both ethambutol and kanamycin or clarithromycin against Mycobacterium intracellulare infections in beige mice.
Amitani, R; Kuze, F; Murayama, T; Suzuki, K; Tanaka, E; Yamamoto, T, 1996)
"In the present study, we evaluated the in vivo anti-Mycobacterium leprae activities of KRM-1648 (KRM) given at long intervals in combination with ofloxacin (OFLX), clofazimine (CFZ), and dapsone (DDS)."( Studies on therapeutic activity of benzoxazinorifamycin KRM-1648 in combination with other antimicrobial agents and biological response modifiers interferon-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor against M. leprae infection in athymic
Maw, WW; Saito, H; Sato, K; Tomioka, H, 1997)
"The activity of KRM 1648 (KRM), a new benzoxazinorifamycin, and rifabutin (RBT), alone or in combination with clarithromycin (CLA), was evaluated against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) that multiplied in human alveolar macrophages (AM)."( Activity of KRM 1648 or rifabutin alone or in combination with clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium complex in human alveolar macrophages.
Amitani, R; Hashimoto, T; Kuze, F; Matsumoto, H; Suzuki, K; Tanaka, E; Tsuyuguchi, K; Yamamoto, T, 1997)
"According to this human alveolar macrophage model of MAC infection, KRM and RBT in combination with CLA was found to be a promising candidate against human pulmonary MAC infection, and deserves clinical evaluation."( Activity of KRM 1648 or rifabutin alone or in combination with clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium complex in human alveolar macrophages.
Amitani, R; Hashimoto, T; Kuze, F; Matsumoto, H; Suzuki, K; Tanaka, E; Tsuyuguchi, K; Yamamoto, T, 1997)
"The effects of half-sized secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor or diclofenac sodium administered alone or in combination with the benzoxazinorifamycin KRM-1648 on the therapeutic efficacy of KRM-1648 against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in mice were studied."( Therapeutic effects of benzoxazinorifamycin KRM-1648 administered alone or in combination with a half-sized secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor or the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium against Mycobacterium avium complex infection i
Kawahara, S; Kawauchi, H; Sano, C; Sato, K; Shimizu, T; Tomioka, H, 1999)
"Rifalazil (formerly known as KRM-1648) in combination with isoniazid has been found to be more active than rifampin/isoniazid."( Durable cure for tuberculosis: rifalazil in combination with isoniazid in a murine model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Cynamon, MH; DeStefano, MS; Shoen, CM, 2000)
"The antimicrobial effect of a benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648, either alone or in combination with ofloxacin, was evaluated in vitro against two type strains and six clinical isolates of Mycobacterium ulcerans."( In vitro activity of KRM-1648, either singly or in combination with ofloxacin, against Mycobacterium ulcerans.
Dhople, AM, 2001)
" Similar to ofloxacin and levofloxacin, sitafloxacin also exhibited synergistic activity when combined with either rifabutin or KRM-1648, but not with rifampin."( In-vitro activity of sitafloxacin (DU-6859a), either singly or in combination with rifampin analogs, against Mycobacterium leprae.
Dhople, AM; Namba, K, 2003)
" To address the high-frequency resistance seen with rifamycins, we assessed the ability of rifalazil, alone and in combination with vancomycin, to both kill cells and to suppress the appearance of resistant mutants in log and stationary phase Staphylococcus aureus cultures, using high cell densities in an in vitro kill curve model."( In vitro time-kill activities of rifalazil, alone and in combination with vancomycin, against logarithmic and stationary cultures of Staphylococcus aureus.
Farquhar, R; Murphy, CK; Osburne, MS; Rothstein, DM, 2006)
" To explore strategies to overcome resistance development, we studied the effects of rifalazil in combination with several different antibiotics in an in vitro time-kill model, against both log phase and stationary phase Staphylococcus aureus cells."( Enhanced activity of rifalazil in combination with levofloxacin, linezolid, or mupirocin against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro.
Murphy, CK; Osburne, MS; Rothstein, DM, 2006)

Bioavailability

ExcerptReference
"Macrocycles are ideal in efforts to tackle "difficult" targets, but our understanding of what makes them cell permeable and orally bioavailable is limited."( Macrocyclic drugs and clinical candidates: what can medicinal chemists learn from their properties?
Giordanetto, F; Kihlberg, J, 2014)

Dosage Studied

ExcerptReference
" bovis Ravenel infection, three rifamycin derivatives gave "distinctive dose-response curves" in the correlation of dose sizes with the mean survival times or "log10CFU/lungs reductions"."( [Therapeutic efficacy of benzoxazinorifamycin KRM-1648 against experimental murine tuberculosis: (1). A study on the efficacy of short course treatment with the intratracheal and intravenous infection model].
Doi, N, 1998)
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
phenoxazine
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (46)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1653515Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 0.1 mg/L incubated for 24 hrs (Rvb = 1.05 +/- 0.16 pmol)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID669186Antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in aerobic conditions after 7 days by microplate-based alamar blue assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID1879496Antibacterial activity against Clostridioides difficile ATCC 96892022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of TNP-2198, a Dual-Targeted Rifamycin-Nitroimidazole Conjugate with Potent Activity against Microaerophilic and Anaerobic Bacterial Pathogens.
AID669178Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis wild type RNA polymerase by rolling circle transcription assay in the presence of sigmaA factor2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID1653513Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 0.025 mg/L incubated for 24 hrs (Rvb = 1.05 +/- 0.16 pmol)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID1653516Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 0.2 mg/L incubated for 24 hrs (Rvb = 1.05 +/- 0.16 pmol)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID1653394Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 0.05 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 332 +/- 46 pg)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID1879497Antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori ATCC 7003922022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of TNP-2198, a Dual-Targeted Rifamycin-Nitroimidazole Conjugate with Potent Activity against Microaerophilic and Anaerobic Bacterial Pathogens.
AID669180Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerase S450L mutant by rolling circle transcription assay in the presence of sigmaA factor2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID1653397Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 0.05 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 425 +/- 64 pg)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID669197Metabolic stability in mouse microsomes assessed as compound remaining after 30 mins2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID301526Antibacterial activity against rifamycin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus CB190 ATCC 292132007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 17, Issue:20
Preparation and in vitro anti-staphylococcal activity of novel 11-deoxy-11-hydroxyiminorifamycins.
AID1879495Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 292132022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of TNP-2198, a Dual-Targeted Rifamycin-Nitroimidazole Conjugate with Potent Activity against Microaerophilic and Anaerobic Bacterial Pathogens.
AID1653514Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 0.05 mg/L incubated for 24 hrs (Rvb = 1.05 +/- 0.16 pmol)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID1065392Half life in human at 25 mg, po administered through fat rich diet2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-23, Volume: 57, Issue:2
Macrocyclic drugs and clinical candidates: what can medicinal chemists learn from their properties?
AID669191Activation of PXR in human DPX2 cells at 100 uM after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID1653396Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 0.1 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 425 +/- 64 pg)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID341089Antimicrobial activity against Clostridium difficile clinical isolates by agar dilution method2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Aug, Volume: 51, Issue:8
In vitro activities of 15 antimicrobial agents against 110 toxigenic clostridium difficile clinical isolates collected from 1983 to 2004.
AID1653510Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 0.2 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 332 +/- 46 pg)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID669190Activation of PXR in human DPX2 cells at <100 uM after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID1653509Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 0.1 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 332 +/- 46 pg)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID1653522Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 0.2 mg/L incubated for 24 hrs (Rvb = 1.41 +/- 0.20 pmol)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID748179Inhibition of rifamycin-resistant Escherichia coli RNA polymerase D516V mutant after 10 mins by rolling circle transcription assay in presence of DNA nanocircle template NC452013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-13, Volume: 56, Issue:11
X-ray crystal structures of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in complex with benzoxazinorifamycins.
AID748180Inhibition of wild type Escherichia coli RNA polymerase after 10 mins by rolling circle transcription assay in presence of DNA nanocircle template NC452013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-13, Volume: 56, Issue:11
X-ray crystal structures of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in complex with benzoxazinorifamycins.
AID669198Metabolic stability in human microsomes assessed as compound remaining after 30 mins2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID669608Half life in human2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID669199Half life in mouse microsomes2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID748178Inhibition of rifamycin-resistant Escherichia coli RNA polymerase H526Y mutant after 10 mins by rolling circle transcription assay in presence of DNA nanocircle template NC452013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-13, Volume: 56, Issue:11
X-ray crystal structures of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in complex with benzoxazinorifamycins.
AID1653395Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 0.025 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 332 +/- 46 pg)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID669179Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerase D435V mutant by rolling circle transcription assay in the presence of sigmaA factor2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID520287Antimicrobial activity against Chlamydia pneumoniae AR39 infected in C57BL/6J mouse at 1 mg/kg, ip assessed as bacterial load measured on day 10 post infection relative to control2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5
Efficacy of benzoxazinorifamycins in a mouse model of Chlamydia pneumoniae lung infection.
AID1653393Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 0.025 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 425 +/- 64 pg)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID669187Antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in anaerobic conditions after 11 days by luminescnece-based low-oxygen recovery assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID1653521Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 0.1 mg/L incubated for 24 hrs (Rvb = 1.41 +/- 0.20 pmol)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID1653519Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 0.025 mg/L incubated for 24 hrs (Rvb = 1.41 +/- 0.20 pmol)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID669192Cytotoxicity against human DPX2 cells expressing PXR assessed as decrease in cell viability at 100 uM after 24 hrs relative to control2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID301527Antibacterial activity against rifamycin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus CB3722007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 17, Issue:20
Preparation and in vitro anti-staphylococcal activity of novel 11-deoxy-11-hydroxyiminorifamycins.
AID301528Antibacterial activity against rifamycin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus CB3702007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 17, Issue:20
Preparation and in vitro anti-staphylococcal activity of novel 11-deoxy-11-hydroxyiminorifamycins.
AID1653390Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 0.2 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 425 +/- 64 pg)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID748177Inhibition of rifamycin-resistant Escherichia coli RNA polymerase S531L mutant after 10 mins by rolling circle transcription assay in presence of DNA nanocircle template NC452013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-13, Volume: 56, Issue:11
X-ray crystal structures of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in complex with benzoxazinorifamycins.
AID669176Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis wild type RNA polymerase by rolling circle transcription assay in the absence of sigmaA factor2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID520288Antimicrobial activity against Chlamydia pneumoniae AR39 infected in C57BL/6J mouse at 3 mg/kg, ip assessed as bacterial load measured on day 10 post infection relative to control2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5
Efficacy of benzoxazinorifamycins in a mouse model of Chlamydia pneumoniae lung infection.
AID1653520Anti-leprotic activity against rifampicin-susceptible Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 0.05 mg/L incubated for 24 hrs (Rvb = 1.41 +/- 0.20 pmol)2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID520286Antimicrobial activity against Chlamydia pneumoniae TW-183 after 72 hrs by twofold dilution method2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 52, Issue:5
Efficacy of benzoxazinorifamycins in a mouse model of Chlamydia pneumoniae lung infection.
AID669177Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerase H445Y mutant by rolling circle transcription assay in the presence of sigmaA factor2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
AID669200Half life in human microsomes2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Structure-based design of novel benzoxazinorifamycins with potent binding affinity to wild-type and rifampin-resistant mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerases.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (122)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's65 (53.28)18.2507
2000's46 (37.70)29.6817
2010's6 (4.92)24.3611
2020's5 (4.10)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials9 (7.32%)5.53%
Reviews14 (11.38%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other100 (81.30%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		4.0340monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		1.9810pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		3.1110organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		3.5520aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		4.0240monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dapsone
[no description available]		4.7150substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		2.420amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		6.76102carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		2.0410aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		2.5120C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		6.031503-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		2.4110aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		3.3110aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		3.3110aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		2.0310N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		4.0520phthalimides;
piperidones
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		2.0310imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		3.3110aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		210alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
isoflurophate
Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.		210dialkyl phosphate
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		3.3110C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		3.421117-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		3.8130kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		440monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
acedapsone
Acedapsone: Acetylated sulfone that is slowly metabolized to give long-term, low blood levels of DAPSONE. It has antimicrobial and antimalarial action, but is mainly used as a depot leprostatic agent.. acedapsone : A sulfone that is dapsone in which both of the amino groups been acetylation. An antimicrobial drug, it also has antimalarial activity.		3.3110acetamides;
anilide;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone		antimalarial;
antimicrobial drug
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone: structure and RN in first source. 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol : A sulfone that is diphenyl sulfone in which both of the para hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy groups.		3.3110bisphenol;
sulfone		endocrine disruptor;
metabolite
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.		3.3110aromatic amineallergen;
carcinogenic agent
4,4'-thiodianiline
4,4'-thiodianiline: structure		3.3110substituted aniline
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		3.09101,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		210
hematoxylin
Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.		1.9810organic heterotetracyclic compound;
oxacycle;
polyphenol;
tertiary alcohol		histological dye;
plant metabolite
azomycin
azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure		3.1110C-nitro compound;
imidazoles		antitubercular agent
eosine yellowish-(ys)
Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.		1.9810organic sodium salt;
organobromine compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
monoacetyldapsone
monoacetyldapsone: used in leprosy chemotherapy. monoacetyldapsone : A secondary carboxamide resulting from acetylation of one of the amino groups of dapsone.		3.3110acetamides;
anilide;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		4.680ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		2.9740glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		210enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
streptomycin
[no description available]		3.8430antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		3.3110amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		3.3110alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		2.0310benzamides;
carboxylic ester
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		2.6830fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		3.3110sulfonic acid derivative
acediasulfone
acediasulfone: antibacterial drug for treatment of ear infections; structure in first source		3.3110alpha-amino acid
brodimoprim
brodimoprim: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. brodimoprim : An aminopyrimidine that is 2,4-diaminopyrimidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl group.		3.3110aminopyrimidine;
bromobenzenes;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
epiroprim
epiroprim: an analog of trimethoprim with improved antimicrobial and pharmacokinetic properties; structure given in first source		3.3110
gentamicin c1a
[no description available]		3.3110gentamycin C
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		2.0310carbapenems
oxazolidin-2-one
Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.		2.0310carbamate ester;
oxazolidinone		metabolite
4-nitro-4'-aminodiphenyl sulfone
4-nitro-4'-aminodiphenyl sulfone: dapsone metabolite; structure given in first source		3.3110
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		7.19171macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		3.3110beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
methotrexate
[no description available]		3.3110dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		4.91109-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		2.4620aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
torcetrapib
[no description available]		2.0410(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
carbamate ester;
quinolines		anticholesteremic drug;
CETP inhibitor
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		3.3110dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		1.99101,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
tizoxanide
tizoxanide: major metabolite of nitazoxanide; structure in first source		2.0310salicylamides
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.0310alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		1.9910L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
linezolid
[no description available]		2.0310acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		3.1910macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		2.0310alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		2.4110
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		5.5932macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
pa 824
pretomanid: nitroimidazopyran derived from 5-nitroimidazoles; a prodrug that requires activation by a bacterial F420-depedent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Fgd) and nitroreductase to activate components that then inhibit bacterial mycolic acid and protein synthesis; structure in first source		3.8730
sitafloxacin
[no description available]		3.3110fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
u 100480
U 100480: structure given in first source		3.0910
9-benzyl-2-chloro-6-(2-furyl)purine
9-benzyl-2-chloro-6-(2-furyl)purine: structure in first source		3.3110
abt 492
WQ 3034: structure in first source		210
prothionamide
Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.		3.0810pyridines
nadp
[no description available]		210
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		3.3110pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
bilirubin
[no description available]		1.9810biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cerulenin
Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.		3.3110epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		3.1910homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		3.1910antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		1.9910dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		2.0310acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
rifaximin
[no description available]		2.5120acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
everolimus
[no description available]		3.1910cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
opc-67683
OPC-67683: an antitubercular agent		2.4110piperidines
sitafloxacin
sitafloxacin: structure in first source		2.0110
temsirolimus
[no description available]		3.1910macrolide lactam
fidaxomicin
Fidaxomicin: A narrow-spectrum macrolide antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of diarrhea associated with CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION.. fidaxomicin : An 18-membered macrolide that is a fermentation product obtained from the Actinomycete Dactylosporangium aurantiacum. A narrow spectrum antibiotic used for treatment of Clostridium difficile-related infections.		2.0310
jnj-26483327
JNJ-26483327: an orally active macrocyclic tyrosine kinase inhibitor for treatment of patients with advanced solid tumours; in Phase I trial, 9/2010		3.1910
rifamycins
[no description available]		14.011169
14-methyl-20-oxa-5,7,14,26-tetraazatetracyclo(19.3.1.1(2,6).1(8,12))heptacosa-1(25),2(26),3,5,8(27),9,11,16,21,23-decaene
14-methyl-20-oxa-5,7,14,26-tetraazatetracyclo(19.3.1.1(2,6).1(8,12))heptacosa-1(25),2(26),3,5,8(27),9,11,16,21,23-decaene: has antineoplastic activity; also inhibits Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3; structure in first source		3.1910
grazoprevir
grazoprevir: has antiviral activity; component of Zepatier. grazoprevir : An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.		3.1910aromatic ether;
azamacrocycle;
carbamate ester;
cyclopropanes;
lactam;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
quinoxaline derivative		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		3.0810
tigecycline
[no description available]		2.0310
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.6930
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		210
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		8.62401cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		3.830N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
thiolactomycin
thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source		3.3110
rifabutin
[no description available]		4.4930
krm 1657
KRM 1657: structure given in first source		4.250
rifametane
rifametane: structure given in first source		3.5110
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
[description not available]		02.4320
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.		02.4320
Infections, Chlamydia
[description not available]		08.7293
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		04.87130
Chlamydia Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.		08.7293
Hansen Disease
[description not available]		04.0150
Leprosy
A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.		04.0150
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		02.7530
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		02.7530
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		07.48291
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		02.4110
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		07.48291
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		02.4110
Buruli Ulcer Disease
[description not available]		02.4110
Buruli Ulcer
A lesion in the skin and subcutaneous tissues due to infections by MYCOBACTERIUM ULCERANS. It was first reported in Uganda, Africa.		02.4110
Female Genital Diseases
[description not available]		04.411
Genital Diseases, Female
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		04.411
Chlamydia pneumoniae Infections
[description not available]		02.0410
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular
[description not available]		05.9531
Intermittent Claudication
A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.		04.3511
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.		05.9531
Infectious Diseases
[description not available]		02.9310
Communicable Diseases
An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.		02.9310
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated
[description not available]		02.420
Scrofuloderma
[description not available]		02.0210
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		02.0210
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		02.0210
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		02.0210
Recrudescence
[description not available]		03.8121
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		02.4120
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.4120
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		03.8220
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		02.9410
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		02.9410
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		03.8220
Eperythrozoonosis
[description not available]		03.4211
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Disease
[description not available]		03.4211
Infections, Ureaplasma
[description not available]		03.4211
Urethritis
Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both.		03.4211
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial
Bacterial diseases transmitted or propagated by sexual conduct.		03.4211
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.7130
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.420
Tuberculosis, Avian
A variety of TUBERCULOSIS affecting various birds, including chickens and ducks. It is caused by MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM and characterized by tubercles consisting principally of epithelioid cells.		01.9810
Infection, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
[description not available]		04.85130
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection
A nontuberculous infection when occurring in humans. It is characterized by pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, and systemic disease in AIDS patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of birds and swine results in tuberculosis.		04.85130
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		01.9810
Infections, Mycobacterium
[description not available]		03.3120
Mycobacterium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.		03.3120
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3820
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		02.3820
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant
[description not available]		03.3120
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.		03.3120
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		01.9910
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		04.0831
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		04.0831
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		01.9910
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		02.9110