nimbolide profile

Nimbolide is a natural product isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica). It exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-malarial properties. Its complex structure and diverse pharmacological activities make it a target for extensive research. Nimbolide has been studied for its potential to treat various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and infections. The compound's mechanism of action often involves modulating various cellular signaling pathways and interacting with specific proteins.'

nimbolide: isolated from Nigerian medicinal plant Azadirachta indica; RN given refers to 4alpha,5alpha,6alpha,7alpha,15beta,17alpha-isomer; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Related Flora

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Azadirachta	genus	A plant genus of the family MELIACEAE. Members contain azadirachtin A (a limonoid commonly referred to as azadirachtin) and other TRITERPENES. They have been used in PESTICIDES. The old name of Melia azadirachta is very similar to a related plant, MELIA AZEDARACH.[MeSH]	Meliaceae	The mahogany plant family of the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	100017
CHEMBL ID	1968854
SCHEMBL ID	16561839
MeSH ID	M0124710

Synonym
NCI60_002662
nsc-309909
25990-37-8
NSC309909 ,
nimbolide
MEGXP0_001495
FT-0672734
CHEMBL1968854
SCHEMBL16561839
J-016215
methyl 2-[6-(furan-3-yl)-7,9,11,15-tetramethyl-12,16-dioxo-3,17-dioxapentacyclo[9.6.1.02,9.04,8.015,18]octadeca-7,13-dien-10-yl]acetate
methyl 2-[(1r,2s,4r,6r,9r,10s,11r,15r,18r)-6-(furan-3-yl)-7,9,11,15-tetramethyl-12,16-dioxo-3,17-dioxapentacyclo[9.6.1.02,9.04,8.015,18]octadeca-7,13-dien-10-yl]acetate
F82256
XN164985
A934941

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Nimbolide is a promising phytochemical constituent of neem Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae)."	( Nimbolide inhibits 2D and 3D prostate cancer cells migration, affects microtubules and angiogenesis and suppresses B-RAF/p.ERK-mediated in vivo tumor growth. Dawood, M; Efferth, T; Huang, Q; Mahmoud, N; Ng, JPL; Ren, F; Wong, VKW, 2022)	2.89
"Nimbolide (NIB) is a limonoid extracted from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) that has been found to be effective against many diseases, including cancer, scleroderma, and acute respiratory distress syndrome."	( Nimbolide attenuated the inflammation in the liver of autoimmune hepatitis's mice through regulation of HDAC3. Cai, T; Chen, D; Chen, Y; Lin, Y; Wang, X; Xia, D; Xu, L; Yu, S; Zhu, K; Zhu, L, 2022)	2.89
"Nimbolide (NMB) is a potent anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agent whose potential has been demonstrated in various pre-clinical models."	( Co-treatment of Nimbolide augmented the anti-arthritic effects of methotrexate while protecting against organ toxicities. Anchi, P; Godugu, C; Mahajan, RB; Panda, B, 2022)	1.79
"Nimbolide is an active principal compound from Azadirachta indica, which is an Asian traditional medicinal plant utilized historically as a remedy for a variety of diseases due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial properties."	( Molecular Targets of Nimbolide for Anti-Cancer Therapy: An Updated Review. Elumalai, P; Ezhilarasan, D; Raghunandhakumar, S, 2022)	1.76
"Nimbolide is an active constituent of Azadirachta indica and is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, immune-modulatory, and anti-cancer effects. "	( Nimbolide attenuates complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis through expression regulation of toll-like receptors signaling pathway. Aftab, U; Akhtar, T; Faheem, MA; Israr, M; Naseem, N; Shahzad, M; Zafar, MS, 2023)	3.8
"Nimbolide is a tetranortriterpenoid derived from the leaves and flowers of Azadirachta indica (Neem). "	( Nimbolide induces cell death in T lymphoma cells: Implication of altered apoptosis and glucose metabolism. Gupta, VK; Jaiswara, PK; Kumar, A; Kumar, S; Pathak, C; Rawat, SG; Sonker, P; Tiwari, RK, 2021)	3.51
"Nimbolide is a tetranotriterpenoid that has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties; however, its anticancer effects and molecular mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains obscure."	( Nimbolide inhibits tumor growth by restoring hepatic tight junction protein expression and reduced inflammation in an experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. Ram, AK; Srinivas, BH; Vairappan, B, 2020)	2.72
"Nimbolide is a bioactive compound found in Azadirachta indica. "	( Nimbolide attenuate the lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and antioxidant in primary hepatocytes. Alshammari, GM; Balakrishnan, A; Chinnasamy, T, 2017)	3.34
"Nimbolide is known to be an antioxidant found in neem plant. "	( Protective role of nimbolide against chemotherapeutic drug hydroxyurea induced genetic and oxidative damage in an animal model. Ahmad, MF; Ansari, MO; Jameel, S; Parveen, N; Shadab, GGHA; Siddique, HR; Wani, AL, 2018)	2.25
"Nimbolide is a chemical constituent of Azadirachta indica, which contains multiple biological properties, while its role in ARDS is elusive."	( Nimbolide protects against endotoxin-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome by inhibiting TNF-α mediated NF-κB and HDAC-3 nuclear translocation. Bale, S; Bathini, NB; Godugu, C; Pattnaik, B; Pooladanda, V; Sigalapalli, DK; Singh, SB; Thatikonda, S, 2019)	2.68
"Nimbolide is an important constituent of neem, and it acts as a potent inhibitor for many cancer cells."	( Anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing effect of nimbolide by altering molecules involved in apoptosis and IGF signalling via PI3K/Akt in prostate cancer (PC-3) cell line. Arunakaran, J; Arunkumar, R; Brindha Mercy, A; Elumalai, P; Raja Singh, P; Senthilkumar, K; Sharmila, G; Sivakamasundari, V; Suganthapriya, E, 2014)	1.37
"Nimbolide is a potent cytotoxic limnoid isolated from Azadirachta indica."	( Nimbolide inhibits invasion and migration, and down-regulates uPAR chemokine gene expression, in two breast cancer cell lines. Arunakaran, J; Arunkamar, R; Balakrishnan, S; Bhat, FA; Brindha Mercy, A; Elumalai, P; Raja Singh, P; Sharmila, G, 2014)	2.57
"Nimbolide is a tetranortriterpenoid isolated from the leaves and flowers of Azadirachta indica which has been shown to exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-invasive properties in a variety of cancer cells. "	( Induction of cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis by nimbolide in human renal cell carcinoma cells. Chen, HY; Hsieh, SC; Hsieh, YH; Lee, CH; Lin, CL; Tsai, JP, 2015)	2.1
"Nimbolide is a limonoid extracted from neem tree (Azadirachta indica) that has antiinflammatory properties. "	( Nimbolide Inhibits Nuclear Factor-КB Pathway in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Macrophages and Alleviates Experimental Colitis in Mice. Chun, J; Hwang, SW; Im, JP; Kim, JS; Lee, C; Seo, JY, 2016)	3.32
"Nimbolide is a known constituent of neem leaves, but was found for the first time here in the flowers."	( Quinone reductase inducers in Azadirachta indica A. Juss flowers, and their mechanisms of action. Bunyapraphatsara, N; Hiransalee, A; Kuakulkiat, W; Kusamran, T; Kusamran, WR; Sritanaudomchai, H; Tepsuwan, A, )	0.85

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Nimbolide has significant bactericidal activity against H. "	( In vitro antibacterial activity of nimbolide against Helicobacter pylori. Blum, FC; Merrell, DS; Windham, IH; Wu, H; Wylie, MR, 2022)	2.44
"Nimbolide has potential as an anti-tumor drug given its multifunctional effects in OS."	( Nimbolide Induces ROS-Regulated Apoptosis and Inhibits Cell Migration in Osteosarcoma. Hou, CH; Hou, SM; Lin, FL; Liu, JF; Tsao, YT, 2015)	2.58

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Nimbolide plays an important role in treating human diseases. "	( Nimbolide suppresses non-small cell lung cancer cell invasion and migration via manipulation of DUSP4 expression and ERK1/2 signaling. Lin, H; Liu, C; Qiu, S; Sun, S; Xie, L, 2017)	3.34

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The nimbolide treatment-induced ROS production by suppressing the expression of antioxidant regulatory enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase and catalase."	( Nimbolide retards T cell lymphoma progression by altering apoptosis, glucose metabolism, pH regulation, and ROS homeostasis. Jaiswara, PK; Kumar, A, 2022)	2.64
"Nimbolide treatment significantly (p < .001) improved the fetuses level and suppressed the fetal weight and implantation loss. "	( Protective effect of nimbolide against streptozotocin induced gestational diabetes mellitus in rats via alteration of inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota. Li, L; Ma, Y; Meng, J; Xu, S, 2022)	2.48
"Nimbolide treatment attenuated the gut microbiota imbalance by decreasing 16 s rRNA levels of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Bacteroides and increasing Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus in the intestinal tissue, which was otherwise altered in HCC mice."	( Nimbolide attenuates gut dysbiosis and prevents bacterial translocation by improving intestinal barrier integrity and ameliorating inflammation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ram, AK; Srinivas, BH; Vairappan, B, 2022)	2.89
"Nimbolide treated groups significantly (p < 0.001) suppressed the body weight at dose dependent manner."	( Protective Effect of Nimbolide against High Fat Diet-induced Obesity in Rats via Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Bai, F; Li, Y; Sun, D; Zhang, L, 2022)	1.76
"Nimbolide treated group exhibited the enhancement of bone metabolic, bone structure markers, and histomophometric dynamic markers, which was suppressed during the GCs-induced osteoporosis."	( Antiosteoporosis and bone protective effect of nimbolide in steroid-induced osteoporosis rats. Chen, Q; Ding, Y; Huo, J; Wei, X; Zhao, B, 2022)	1.7
"Nimbolide treatment showed significant reduction in the severity of inflammation and destruction of joints and showed comparable effects to piroxicam, which is a standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis."	( Nimbolide attenuates complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis through expression regulation of toll-like receptors signaling pathway. Aftab, U; Akhtar, T; Faheem, MA; Israr, M; Naseem, N; Shahzad, M; Zafar, MS, 2023)	3.07
"Nimbolide (0.5-2 μM) treatment resulted in 50% inhibition at a dose of 2 μM in the PC-3 cell line."	( Anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing effect of nimbolide by altering molecules involved in apoptosis and IGF signalling via PI3K/Akt in prostate cancer (PC-3) cell line. Arunakaran, J; Arunkumar, R; Brindha Mercy, A; Elumalai, P; Raja Singh, P; Senthilkumar, K; Sharmila, G; Sivakamasundari, V; Suganthapriya, E, 2014)	1.37
"Nimbolide treatment of cells at 2.5 - 10 microM resulted in moderate to very strong growth inhibition."	( Inhibition of colon cancer (HT-29) cell proliferation by a triterpenoid isolated from Azadirachta indica is accompanied by cell cycle arrest and up-regulation of p21. Kobori, M; Nakahara, K; Roy, MK; Shinmoto, H; Takenaka, M; Tsushida, T, 2006)	1.06
"Rats treated with nimbolide showed a significant reduction in inflammatory cells, rheumatoid factor, ESR, and improved the body weight."	( Nimbolide attenuates complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis through expression regulation of toll-like receptors signaling pathway. Aftab, U; Akhtar, T; Faheem, MA; Israr, M; Naseem, N; Shahzad, M; Zafar, MS, 2023)	2.68
"Rats treated with nimbolide displayed marked reduction in arthritic score, organ indices, volume of paw, edema formation, along with substantial enhancement in body weight."	( Evaluation of antiarthritic activity of nimbolide against Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Bian, P; Cui, X; Liu, L; Seshadri, VDD; Wang, R; Wu, Q, 2019)	1.1
"Treatment with nimbolide lasted from day 1 to day 28."	( Nimbolide ameliorates fibrosis and inflammation in experimental murine model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma. Bale, S; Diddi, S; Godugu, C; Pulivendala, G, 2019)	2.3
"Treatment with nimbolide resulted in dose- and time-dependent inhibition of growth of BeWo cells with IC(50) values of 2.01 and 1.19 microM for 7 and 24 h respectively, accompanied by downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen."	( Nimbolide a limonoid from Azadirachta indica inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells. Chandra Mohan, KV; Harish Kumar, G; Jagannadha Rao, A; Nagini, S, 2009)	2.14
"Treatment with nimbolide resulted in dose and time-dependent inhibition of growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells."	( Induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by nimbolide through extrinsic and intrinsic pathway. Arunakaran, J; Arunkumar, R; Banudevi, S; Benson, CS; Elumalai, P; Gunadharini, DN; Senthilkumar, K; Sharmila, G, 2012)	0.97

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Although multiple pharmacodynamic (PD) studies have been carried out, nimbolide is still at the infant stage in the drug development pipeline due to the lack of systematic pharmacokinetic (PK) studies and long-term toxicological studies."	( Anticancer properties of nimbolide and pharmacokinetic considerations to accelerate its development. Goh, BC; Ho, PC; Lee, SC; Ong, PS; Phan, DD; Sethi, G; Soo, R; Thuya, WL; Wang, L; Wong, AL; Yong, WP; Zhang, J, 2016)	0.97

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"An improved and sensitive High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for determination of anticancer compound, nimbolide in different parts of Azadirachta indica and its dosage form."	( Development of a sensitive HPTLC method for quantification of nimbolide in Azadirachta indica and its dosage form. Mishra, SK; Rout, KK, 2014)	0.84
" Preclinical PK and toxicological studies are vital in determining the dosage range to support the safety of nimbolide for first-in-human clinical trials."	( Anticancer properties of nimbolide and pharmacokinetic considerations to accelerate its development. Goh, BC; Ho, PC; Lee, SC; Ong, PS; Phan, DD; Sethi, G; Soo, R; Thuya, WL; Wang, L; Wong, AL; Yong, WP; Zhang, J, 2016)	0.95

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	3 (3.33)	18.7374
1990's	2 (2.22)	18.2507
2000's	6 (6.67)	29.6817
2010's	52 (57.78)	24.3611
2020's	27 (30.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	6 (6.32%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	89 (93.68%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
adenine [no description available]	2.13	1	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berberine [no description available]	7.11	1	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
diminazene Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.	2.1	1	carboxamidine; triazene derivative	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	7.17	1	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.1	1	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	7.11	1	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	3.35	1	phthalimides; piperidones
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.21	1	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	2.25	1	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.46	2	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	7.11	1	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	2.11	1	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
thiazoles [no description available]	2.25	1	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.17	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fructosamine Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.	2.41	1
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	7.11	1	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.17	1	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
deguelin deguelin: a natural product from Mundulea sericea; RN refers to (7aS-cis)-isomer; structure given in first source. deguelin : A rotenone that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10, and by two methyl groups at position 3 (the 7aS,13aS-stereoisomer). It exists in abundant quantities in the bark, roots, and leaves of the Leguminosae family of plants and reported to exert anti-tumour effects in various cancers.	7.11	1	aromatic ether; diether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; plant metabolite
nimbin nimbin: from Neem seed (Azadirachta indica). nimbin : A limonoid found in Azadirachta indica.	2.42	2	acetate ester; cyclic terpene ketone; enone; furans; limonoid; methyl ester; tetracyclic triterpenoid	pesticide; plant metabolite
melarsomine dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1
methotrexate [no description available]	7.41	1	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.41	1	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
bortezomib [no description available]	7.11	1	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	7.11	1	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	7.6	1	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.11	1	stilbene
azadirachtin azadirachtin A : A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).. azadirachtin : A family of terpenoids isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).	2.74	3	acetate ester; azadirachtin; cyclic hemiketal; enoate ester; epoxide; methyl ester; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	hepatoprotective agent
pterostilbene [no description available]	7.11	1	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
diminazene aceturate diminazene diaceturate : An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.	2.1	1	N-acetylglycinate salt	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
andrographolide [no description available]	7.11	1	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.05	1	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	7.05	1	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
gedunin gedunin: isolated from neem (Azadirachta indica); structure in first source. gedunin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid natural product found particularly in Azadirachta indica and Cedrela odorata.	3.62	2	limonoid
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.07	1
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.69	2	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
epoxyazadiradione epoxyazadiradione: limonoid from neem tree Azadirachta indica; RN given for (5alpha,7alpha,13alpha,14beta,15beta,17alpha)-isomer; structure in first source. epoxyazadiradione : A limonoid that is azadiradione with an epoxy group across positions 14 and 15. Isolated from Azadirachta indica it exhibits insecticidal activitry against mosquitoes.	6.99	1	acetate ester; cyclic terpene ketone; epoxide; furans; limonoid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; insecticide; plant metabolite
piroxicam [no description available]	2.6	1	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	1.96	1	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.61	2
sybr green i SYBR Green I: binds to double stranded DNA of less than 20 pg following agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; excited at 497 nm and emits at 520 nm. SYBR Green I : A benzothiazolium ion resulting from the methylation of the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group of N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethylene)-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl]-N',N'-dimethyl-N-propylpropane-1,3-diamine. A cationic unsymmetrical cyanine dye that binds to double-stranded DNA and is used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology.	2.1	1	benzothiazolium ion; cyanine dye; quinolines; tertiary amine	fluorescent dye
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.47	2
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.13	1
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	2.41	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.41	1
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.41	1
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	3.42	6
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	3.42	6
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	2.41	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.67	7
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	3.67	7
Hepatitis, Autoimmune A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.	2.41	1
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	3.25	5
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	3.25	5
Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.63	8
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	4.31	6
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.63	8
Polyarthritis [description not available]	2.41	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	4.35	12
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	4.28	10
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	2.41	1
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	4.28	10
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.76	2
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	2.76	2
Body Weight, Fetal [description not available]	2.41	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	2.41	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.41	1
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	2.41	1
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	2.41	1
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.94	3
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.94	3
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.94	3
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.94	3
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	7.41	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.83	3
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.83	3
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.69	2
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.41	1
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	7.41	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	4.95	5
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	4.95	5
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.59	2
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	2.59	2
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	7.53	2
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.53	2
Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available]	7.25	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.52	7
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.91	3
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.91	3
Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.	2.25	1
Anasarca [description not available]	2.31	1
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.31	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.31	1
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	7.31	1
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	7.25	1
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	2.66	2
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	2.66	2
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	2.15	1
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.15	1
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	2.15	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.15	1
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	2.15	1
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	2.15	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.15	1
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	3.01	4
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2.15	1
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	2.17	1
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	2.17	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.17	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	3.02	4
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	3.02	4
Dermatosclerosis [description not available]	2.21	1
Scleroderma, Localized A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.	2.21	1
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.21	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.21	1
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	3.03	4
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.21	1
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	3.03	4
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	2.21	1
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.21	1
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	7.21	1
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	2.21	1
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	2.21	1
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	7.21	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.1	1
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.1	1
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.1	1
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia [description not available]	2.1	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.78	3
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.	2.1	1
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.11	1
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	2.49	2
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.11	1
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	2.49	2
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	2.43	2
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	7.43	2
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.79	3
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.79	3
Metastase [description not available]	2.13	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.13	1
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.13	1
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	7.13	1
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.13	1
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.13	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.13	1
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	7.05	1
Kahler Disease [description not available]	2.06	1
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	2.06	1
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.06	1
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	2.06	1
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	2.05	1
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	2.05	1
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	2.07	1
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	1.99	1
Diaphragmatic Paralysis [description not available]	1.96	1
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	1.96	1
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	1.96	1

nimbolide

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