thalidomide and Hepatocellular Carcinoma studies

Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.
thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.
2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Sorafenib is the standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to date, no combination therapy has demonstrated superior survival compared with sorafenib alone."	9.22	Phase I Study of Lenalidomide and Sorafenib in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ( Althouse, SK; Chiorean, EG; Clark, RS; Loehrer, PJ; Shahda, S; Spittler, AJ, 2016)
"To correlate between signal parameters using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCEMRI) and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving radiotherapy with or without concomitant thalidomide."	9.20	Perfusion parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging predict outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma receiving radiotherapy with or without thalidomide. ( Ch'ang, HJ; Chen, LT; Hsu, C; Liang, PC; Liu, TW; Shih, TT, 2015)
"Thalidomide has been shown to have antitumor activity in some patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	9.16	Efficacy, safety, and potential biomarkers of thalidomide plus metronomic chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Cheng, AL; Hsiao, CH; Hsu, C; Hsu, CH; Huang, CC; Lee, KD; Lin, ZZ; Lu, YS; Shao, YY; Shen, YC, 2012)
"Thalidomide has been demonstrated to possess antitumor activity in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	9.16	Phase II study of concomitant thalidomide during radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Ch'ang, HJ; Chang, JS; Chang, YH; Chen, CH; Chen, LT; Hsu, C, 2012)
"To evaluate the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and pharmacokinetics of thalidomide in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	9.12	Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral thalidomide in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chang, JY; Chao, Y; Chen, LT; Chen, PJ; Chin, YH; Chuang, TR; Huang, JD; Liu, TW; Shiah, HS; Whang-Peng, J; Yao, TJ, 2006)
"To evaluate the effectiveness of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and thalidomide in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma."	9.12	Results of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and thalidomide for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chan, SC; Chao, CJ; Chung, NN; Hsu, WC; Lin, GD; Shin, JS; Ting, LL; Wang, PM; Ying, KS, 2006)
"From March 2000 to July 2002, patients who had advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and failed to or were unsuited for aggressive treatment, were enrolled and took thalidomide 150 to 300 mg/d."	9.11	Salvage therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with thalidomide. ( Chang, WH; Chu, CH; Hsieh, RK; Kao, CR; Lin, J; Lin, SC; Wang, TE, 2004)
"Thalidomide, an anti-angiogenic agent, does not have a good therapeutic effect for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma when used alone."	9.11	Effects of the combined treatment with thalidomide, megestrol and interleukine-2 in cirrhotic patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. A pilot study. ( Bendini, C; Bernardi, M; Cantarini, MC; Cappa, FM; Magini, G; Santi, V; Trevisani, F; Zambruni, A, 2005)
"Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and thalidomide have been used for treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)."	8.95	Thalidomide combined with transcatheter artierial chemoembolzation for primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Cao, DD; Gao, SF; Ge, W; Liu, L; Xu, HL; Xu, XM; Zheng, YF, 2017)
"The immune modulatory drug lenalidomide has shown promising anti-tumor activity in a clinical trial of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	7.80	Potential synergistic anti-tumor activity between lenalidomide and sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chang, CJ; Cheng, AL; Gandhi, AK; Hsu, C; Huang, ZM; Jeng, YM; Liao, SC; Lin, YJ; Lin, ZZ; Ou, DL, 2014)
"We reported two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with lung metastases who were treated with a combination of thalidomide and cyproheptadine."	7.78	Unexpected remission of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with lung metastasis to the combination therapy of thalidomide and cyproheptadine: report of two cases and a preliminary HCC cell line study. ( Chen, SC; Feng, CW; Feng, YM; Hsu, CD, 2012)
"To evaluate the efficacy of thalidomide in combination with other therapies to treat patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	7.78	Thalidomide-based multidisciplinary treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis. ( Chen, YY; Chou, KC; Wu, SS; Yen, HH, 2012)
"Thalidomide has shown modest activity in advanced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs)."	7.78	Activity of thalidomide and capecitabine in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Ang, SF; Choo, SP; Foo, KF; Ong, SY; Poon, DY; Tan, SH; Toh, HC, 2012)
"The present study developed a validate and precise reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of thalidomide (T) in plasma, to quantify T in patients affected by hepatocellular carcinoma."	7.74	High performance liquid chromatographic determination of thalidomide in patients affected by hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Giorgi, M; Jemos, C; Macchia, M; Manera, C; Placanica, G; Saccomanni, G; Salè, EO; Turini, V, 2008)
"alpha-fetoprotein response can more accurately reflect the biological response of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma to thalidomide therapy than radiographic response."	7.73	alpha-fetoprotein response predicts survival benefits of thalidomide in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chang, JY; Chao, Y; Chen, LT; Chen, SC; Chin, YH; Chuang, TR; Juang, SH; Liu, TW; Shiah, HS; Whang-Peng, J, 2005)
"Higher vascularity index may be associated with a better chance of response to thalidomide in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma."	7.73	Effect of thalidomide in hepatocellular carcinoma: assessment with power doppler US and analysis of circulating angiogenic factors. ( Chen, CN; Chen, LT; Cheng, AL; Hsieh, FJ; Hsu, C; Wu, CY, 2005)
"We sought to investigate whether thalidomide is able to produce tumor vascular changes in patients with untreatable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that can be detected using microbubble contrast agents."	7.73	Blood flow changes in hepatocellular carcinoma after the administration of thalidomide assessed by reperfusion kinetics during microbubble infusion: preliminary results. ( Bertolotto, M; Cova, MA; Crocè, LS; Gasparini, C; Nascimben, F; Pozzato, G; Tiribelli, C, 2006)
"To evaluate thalidomide in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to evaluate combined thalidomide and low-dose interferon-alpha2a (IFN-alpha2a) after tumor progression on thalidomide."	7.73	Thalidomide in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with optional low-dose interferon-alpha2a upon progression. ( Goldenberg, A; Lehrer, D; Liebes, L; Mandeli, J; Schwartz, JD; Schwartz, M; Sung, M; Volm, M, 2005)
"Thalidomide can significantly inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma."	7.73	Effects of thalidomide on angiogenesis and tumor growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. ( Liu, ZS; Sun, Q; Zhang, ZL, 2005)
"To evaluate which patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are most likely to respond to thalidomide treatment."	7.73	Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chiou, HE; Liu, HW; Wang, TE; Wang, YY, 2006)
"Thalidomide has been reported to have antitumor activity for treating metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	7.73	Thalidomide for treating metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study. ( Bang, SM; Cho, EK; Han, SH; Kim, JH; Kim, KK; Kim, SS; Kwon, OS; Kwon, SY; Lee, JH; Lee, JJ; Lee, JN; Nam, E; Park, SH; Park, YH; Shin, DB, 2006)
"To analyze the efficacy of oral thalidomide in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	7.72	Low-dose thalidomide treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chen, CN; Chen, LT; Cheng, AL; Hsu, C; Lai, MY; Lee, PH; Wu, CY; Yang, PM, 2003)
"Lenalidomide has immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic effects and showed moderate anti-tumour efficacy in patients with."	6.84	Lenalidomide as second-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: exploration of biomarkers for treatment efficacy. ( Chen, BB; Cheng, AL; Hsu, C; Hsu, CH; Lin, ZZ; Ou, DL; Shao, YY; Wang, MJ, 2017)
"Thalidomide and TACE were commonly associated with nonhematologic side effects, with fatigue and constipation being prominent."	6.79	Chronic thalidomide and chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Christos, PJ; Goldenberg, AS; Hochster, HS; Muggia, FM; Ng, J; Sparano, J; Sung, MW; Wu, J, 2014)
" The initial thalidomide dosage of 100 mg/day was escalated in 100 mg steps weekly up to 300 mg/day based on tolerability."	6.73	Thalidomide in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma as antiangiogenic treatment approach: a phase I/II trial. ( Müller, C; Peck-Radosavljevic, M; Pinter, M; Plank, C; Schmid, K; Wichlas, M; Wrba, F, 2008)
"Thalidomide is an antiangiogenic agent with activity in refractory multiple myeloma."	6.73	Multi-centre phase II trial of Thalidomide in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Boyer, M; Chuah, B; Clarke, S; Goh, BC; Kong, HL; Lim, R; Millward, M; Ong, AB; Wong, SW, 2007)
"The treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a major challenge, because associated cirrhosis limits the choice of chemotherapeutic agents."	6.71	Thalidomide in the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase II trial. ( Abbruzzese, JL; Brown, TD; Hassan, MM; Lozano, RD; Nooka, AK; Patt, YZ; Schnirer, II; Zeldis, JB, 2005)
"The hypervascular nature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is well characterized."	6.71	Phase II study of thalidomide in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Biggs, C; Brophy, N; Fisher, GA; Levitt, L; Lin, AY; So, S; Yock, TI, 2005)
"(TACE) for treating liver cancer."	6.58	Thalidomide Combined with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) for Intermediate or Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and GRADE Approach ( Chen, Y; Hong, Q; Huang, L; Kang, D; Wang, D; Wen, S; Yang, W, 2018)
"In patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), inferior vena cava/intra-right atrial (IVC/RA) tumor thrombi are not uncommon findings and are usually associated with extremely poor outcome."	6.42	Hepatocellular carcinoma with intra-atrial tumor thrombi. A report of three cases responsive to thalidomide treatment and literature review. ( Chang, JY; Chao, TY; Chen, LT; Chuang, TR; Ka, WS; Liu, TW, 2004)
"Advanced stage liver cancer is predominantly treated with the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib; however, this therapeutic agent lacks selectivity in its cytotoxic actions and is associated with poor survival outcomes."	5.62	In pursuit of a selective hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic agent: Novel thalidomide derivatives with antiproliferative, antimigratory and STAT3 inhibitory properties. ( Andrewartha, N; Buyan, A; Corry, B; Nutt, MJ; Stewart, SG; Yee, YS; Yeoh, GCT, 2021)
"Lenalidomide is a novel analogue of thalidomide and has anti‑inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti‑angiogenic effects."	5.43	Lenalidomide induces apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis via caspase‑3 and VEGF in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ( Ding, Y; Jiang, C; Qu, Z; Wu, J, 2016)
"The systemic treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has produced disappointing results thus far."	5.34	Efficacy and tolerability of low-dose thalidomide as first-line systemic treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chan, P; Cheung, TT; Chok, SH; Epstein, RJ; Fan, ST; Lam, V; Ng, KK; Poon, RT; Wong, H; Yau, T, 2007)
"Sorafenib is the standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to date, no combination therapy has demonstrated superior survival compared with sorafenib alone."	5.22	Phase I Study of Lenalidomide and Sorafenib in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ( Althouse, SK; Chiorean, EG; Clark, RS; Loehrer, PJ; Shahda, S; Spittler, AJ, 2016)
"To correlate between signal parameters using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCEMRI) and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving radiotherapy with or without concomitant thalidomide."	5.20	Perfusion parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging predict outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma receiving radiotherapy with or without thalidomide. ( Ch'ang, HJ; Chen, LT; Hsu, C; Liang, PC; Liu, TW; Shih, TT, 2015)
"Thalidomide has been shown to have antitumor activity in some patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	5.16	Efficacy, safety, and potential biomarkers of thalidomide plus metronomic chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Cheng, AL; Hsiao, CH; Hsu, C; Hsu, CH; Huang, CC; Lee, KD; Lin, ZZ; Lu, YS; Shao, YY; Shen, YC, 2012)
"Thalidomide has been demonstrated to possess antitumor activity in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	5.16	Phase II study of concomitant thalidomide during radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Ch'ang, HJ; Chang, JS; Chang, YH; Chen, CH; Chen, LT; Hsu, C, 2012)
"To evaluate the effectiveness of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and thalidomide in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma."	5.12	Results of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and thalidomide for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chan, SC; Chao, CJ; Chung, NN; Hsu, WC; Lin, GD; Shin, JS; Ting, LL; Wang, PM; Ying, KS, 2006)
"To evaluate the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and pharmacokinetics of thalidomide in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	5.12	Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral thalidomide in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chang, JY; Chao, Y; Chen, LT; Chen, PJ; Chin, YH; Chuang, TR; Huang, JD; Liu, TW; Shiah, HS; Whang-Peng, J; Yao, TJ, 2006)
"Thalidomide, an anti-angiogenic agent, does not have a good therapeutic effect for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma when used alone."	5.11	Effects of the combined treatment with thalidomide, megestrol and interleukine-2 in cirrhotic patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. A pilot study. ( Bendini, C; Bernardi, M; Cantarini, MC; Cappa, FM; Magini, G; Santi, V; Trevisani, F; Zambruni, A, 2005)
"From March 2000 to July 2002, patients who had advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and failed to or were unsuited for aggressive treatment, were enrolled and took thalidomide 150 to 300 mg/d."	5.11	Salvage therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with thalidomide. ( Chang, WH; Chu, CH; Hsieh, RK; Kao, CR; Lin, J; Lin, SC; Wang, TE, 2004)
"Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and thalidomide have been used for treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)."	4.95	Thalidomide combined with transcatheter artierial chemoembolzation for primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Cao, DD; Gao, SF; Ge, W; Liu, L; Xu, HL; Xu, XM; Zheng, YF, 2017)
"The immune modulatory drug lenalidomide has shown promising anti-tumor activity in a clinical trial of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	3.80	Potential synergistic anti-tumor activity between lenalidomide and sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chang, CJ; Cheng, AL; Gandhi, AK; Hsu, C; Huang, ZM; Jeng, YM; Liao, SC; Lin, YJ; Lin, ZZ; Ou, DL, 2014)
"To evaluate the efficacy of thalidomide in combination with other therapies to treat patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	3.78	Thalidomide-based multidisciplinary treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis. ( Chen, YY; Chou, KC; Wu, SS; Yen, HH, 2012)
"We reported two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with lung metastases who were treated with a combination of thalidomide and cyproheptadine."	3.78	Unexpected remission of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with lung metastasis to the combination therapy of thalidomide and cyproheptadine: report of two cases and a preliminary HCC cell line study. ( Chen, SC; Feng, CW; Feng, YM; Hsu, CD, 2012)
"Thalidomide has shown modest activity in advanced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs)."	3.78	Activity of thalidomide and capecitabine in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Ang, SF; Choo, SP; Foo, KF; Ong, SY; Poon, DY; Tan, SH; Toh, HC, 2012)
"The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thalidomide on the growth of human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 cells in vitro, and to explore the curative possibility of hepatocellular carcinoma with thalidomide."	3.75	[Inhibitory effect of thalidomide on growth of human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 cells]. ( Dong, LL; Sun, DJ; Sun, P; Zhang, LM, 2009)
"The present study developed a validate and precise reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of thalidomide (T) in plasma, to quantify T in patients affected by hepatocellular carcinoma."	3.74	High performance liquid chromatographic determination of thalidomide in patients affected by hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Giorgi, M; Jemos, C; Macchia, M; Manera, C; Placanica, G; Saccomanni, G; Salè, EO; Turini, V, 2008)
"We sought to investigate whether thalidomide is able to produce tumor vascular changes in patients with untreatable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that can be detected using microbubble contrast agents."	3.73	Blood flow changes in hepatocellular carcinoma after the administration of thalidomide assessed by reperfusion kinetics during microbubble infusion: preliminary results. ( Bertolotto, M; Cova, MA; Crocè, LS; Gasparini, C; Nascimben, F; Pozzato, G; Tiribelli, C, 2006)
"Thalidomide has been reported to have antitumor activity for treating metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	3.73	Thalidomide for treating metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study. ( Bang, SM; Cho, EK; Han, SH; Kim, JH; Kim, KK; Kim, SS; Kwon, OS; Kwon, SY; Lee, JH; Lee, JJ; Lee, JN; Nam, E; Park, SH; Park, YH; Shin, DB, 2006)
"To evaluate which patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are most likely to respond to thalidomide treatment."	3.73	Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chiou, HE; Liu, HW; Wang, TE; Wang, YY, 2006)
"Higher vascularity index may be associated with a better chance of response to thalidomide in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma."	3.73	Effect of thalidomide in hepatocellular carcinoma: assessment with power doppler US and analysis of circulating angiogenic factors. ( Chen, CN; Chen, LT; Cheng, AL; Hsieh, FJ; Hsu, C; Wu, CY, 2005)
"alpha-fetoprotein response can more accurately reflect the biological response of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma to thalidomide therapy than radiographic response."	3.73	alpha-fetoprotein response predicts survival benefits of thalidomide in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chang, JY; Chao, Y; Chen, LT; Chen, SC; Chin, YH; Chuang, TR; Juang, SH; Liu, TW; Shiah, HS; Whang-Peng, J, 2005)
"To evaluate thalidomide in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to evaluate combined thalidomide and low-dose interferon-alpha2a (IFN-alpha2a) after tumor progression on thalidomide."	3.73	Thalidomide in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with optional low-dose interferon-alpha2a upon progression. ( Goldenberg, A; Lehrer, D; Liebes, L; Mandeli, J; Schwartz, JD; Schwartz, M; Sung, M; Volm, M, 2005)
"Thalidomide can significantly inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma."	3.73	Effects of thalidomide on angiogenesis and tumor growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. ( Liu, ZS; Sun, Q; Zhang, ZL, 2005)
"To evaluate the perfusion changes in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with the antiangiogenic agent thalidomide, we used dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI."	3.72	Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI analysis of perfusion changes in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with an antiangiogenic agent: a preliminary study. ( Chen, LT; Liu, TW; Shih, TT; Tsang, YM; Wang, J, 2004)
"To analyze the efficacy of oral thalidomide in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."	3.72	Low-dose thalidomide treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chen, CN; Chen, LT; Cheng, AL; Hsu, C; Lai, MY; Lee, PH; Wu, CY; Yang, PM, 2003)
"Lenalidomide has immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic effects and showed moderate anti-tumour efficacy in patients with."	2.84	Lenalidomide as second-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: exploration of biomarkers for treatment efficacy. ( Chen, BB; Cheng, AL; Hsu, C; Hsu, CH; Lin, ZZ; Ou, DL; Shao, YY; Wang, MJ, 2017)
"Thalidomide and TACE were commonly associated with nonhematologic side effects, with fatigue and constipation being prominent."	2.79	Chronic thalidomide and chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Christos, PJ; Goldenberg, AS; Hochster, HS; Muggia, FM; Ng, J; Sparano, J; Sung, MW; Wu, J, 2014)
" The initial thalidomide dosage of 100 mg/day was escalated in 100 mg steps weekly up to 300 mg/day based on tolerability."	2.73	Thalidomide in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma as antiangiogenic treatment approach: a phase I/II trial. ( Müller, C; Peck-Radosavljevic, M; Pinter, M; Plank, C; Schmid, K; Wichlas, M; Wrba, F, 2008)
"Thalidomide is an antiangiogenic agent with activity in refractory multiple myeloma."	2.73	Multi-centre phase II trial of Thalidomide in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Boyer, M; Chuah, B; Clarke, S; Goh, BC; Kong, HL; Lim, R; Millward, M; Ong, AB; Wong, SW, 2007)
"The hypervascular nature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is well characterized."	2.71	Phase II study of thalidomide in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Biggs, C; Brophy, N; Fisher, GA; Levitt, L; Lin, AY; So, S; Yock, TI, 2005)
"The treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a major challenge, because associated cirrhosis limits the choice of chemotherapeutic agents."	2.71	Thalidomide in the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase II trial. ( Abbruzzese, JL; Brown, TD; Hassan, MM; Lozano, RD; Nooka, AK; Patt, YZ; Schnirer, II; Zeldis, JB, 2005)
"(TACE) for treating liver cancer."	2.58	Thalidomide Combined with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) for Intermediate or Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and GRADE Approach ( Chen, Y; Hong, Q; Huang, L; Kang, D; Wang, D; Wen, S; Yang, W, 2018)
"In patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), inferior vena cava/intra-right atrial (IVC/RA) tumor thrombi are not uncommon findings and are usually associated with extremely poor outcome."	2.42	Hepatocellular carcinoma with intra-atrial tumor thrombi. A report of three cases responsive to thalidomide treatment and literature review. ( Chang, JY; Chao, TY; Chen, LT; Chuang, TR; Ka, WS; Liu, TW, 2004)
"Thalidomide has been shown to block the activity of angiogenic substances like bFGF, VEGF and interleukin 6."	2.41	[Thalidomide. Clinical trials in cancer]. ( Politi, PM, 2000)
"Advanced stage liver cancer is predominantly treated with the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib; however, this therapeutic agent lacks selectivity in its cytotoxic actions and is associated with poor survival outcomes."	1.62	In pursuit of a selective hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic agent: Novel thalidomide derivatives with antiproliferative, antimigratory and STAT3 inhibitory properties. ( Andrewartha, N; Buyan, A; Corry, B; Nutt, MJ; Stewart, SG; Yee, YS; Yeoh, GCT, 2021)
"Lenalidomide is a novel analogue of thalidomide and has anti‑inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti‑angiogenic effects."	1.43	Lenalidomide induces apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis via caspase‑3 and VEGF in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ( Ding, Y; Jiang, C; Qu, Z; Wu, J, 2016)
"Fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) does not have a favorable prognosis than conventional HCC, and there is no difference regarding the response to chemotherapy and the degree of surgical resectability."	1.40	Successful multimodal treatment for aggressive metastatic and recurrent fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma in a child. ( Akdemir, ÜÖ; Akyol, G; Boyunağa, Ö; Dalgiç, A; Demiroğullari, B; Eser, EP; Karadeniz, C; Oğuz, A; Okur, A; Pinarli, FG; Yilmaz, G, 2014)
"Treatment with thalidomide resulted in a significant decrease in perfusion scores assigned to AUC, IMAX and PI parametric images as compared with control tumors (P < 0."	1.38	Contrast-enhanced ultrasonic parametric perfusion imaging in the evaluation of antiangiogenic tumor treatment. ( Cao, LH; Han, F; Li, AH; Liu, M; Luo, RZ; Wu, PH; Zheng, W; Zhou, JH, 2012)
"Mice bearing subcutaneous H22 hepatoma were treated with different doses of thalidomide, 100 mg/kg in group B and 200 mg/kg in group C."	1.37	Quantitative assessment of tumor blood flow in mice after treatment with different doses of an antiangiogenic agent with contrast-enhanced destruction-replenishment US. ( Cao, LH; Han, F; Li, AH; Liu, JB; Liu, M; Luo, RZ; Zheng, W; Zhou, JH, 2011)
"Treatment with thalidomide resulted in a significant decrease in AUC, PI and IMAX compared with Group A (p<0."	1.37	Quantitative evaluation of viable tissue perfusion changes with contrast-enhanced greyscale ultrasound in a mouse hepatoma model following treatment with different doses of thalidomide. ( Cao, LH; Han, F; Li, AH; Liu, M; Luo, RZ; Wu, PH; Zheng, W; Zhou, JH, 2011)
"The systemic treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has produced disappointing results thus far."	1.34	Efficacy and tolerability of low-dose thalidomide as first-line systemic treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Chan, P; Cheung, TT; Chok, SH; Epstein, RJ; Fan, ST; Lam, V; Ng, KK; Poon, RT; Wong, H; Yau, T, 2007)
"Thalidomide cannot inhibit VEGF mRNA expression of grafted H22 tumor in mouse."	1.32	[Effect of thalidomide on tumor growth in mouse hepatoma H22 model]. ( Lu, ZJ; Zhai, Y, 2003)

Research

Studies (63)

Authors

Clinical Trials (7)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Response Rate by Recist Criteria

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	3 (4.76)	18.7374
1990's	1 (1.59)	18.2507
2000's	35 (55.56)	29.6817
2010's	22 (34.92)	24.3611
2020's	2 (3.17)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Nutt, MJ	1
Yee, YS	1
Buyan, A	1
Andrewartha, N	1
Corry, B	1
Yeoh, GCT	1
Stewart, SG	1
Ramírez-Flores, PN	1
Barraza-Reyna, PJ	1
Aguirre-Vázquez, A	1
Camacho-Moll, ME	1
Guerrero-Beltrán, CE	1
Resendez-Pérez, D	1
González-Villasana, V	1
Garza-González, JN	1
Silva-Ramírez, B	1
Castorena-Torres, F	1
Bermúdez de León, M	1
Cao, DD	1
Xu, HL	1
Liu, L	1
Zheng, YF	1
Gao, SF	1
Xu, XM	1
Ge, W	1
Shao, YY	2
Chen, BB	1
Ou, DL	2
Lin, ZZ	3
Hsu, CH	2
Wang, MJ	1
Cheng, AL	5
Hsu, C	7
Yang, W	1
Wang, D	1
Huang, L	1
Chen, Y	1
Wen, S	1
Hong, Q	1
Kang, D	1
Safran, H	1
Charpentier, KP	1
Kaubisch, A	1
Mantripragada, K	1
Dubel, G	1
Perez, K	1
Faricy-Anderson, K	1
Miner, T	1
Eng, Y	1
Victor, J	1
Plette, A	1
Espat, J	1
Bakalarski, P	1
Wingate, P	1
Berz, D	1
Luppe, D	1
Martel, D	1
Rosati, K	1
Aparo, S	1
Nagy, LI	1
Molnár, E	1
Kanizsai, I	1
Madácsi, R	1
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Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Lenalidomide to Reverse Drug Resistance After Lenvatinib Combined With PD-1 Inhibitors in the First-line Treatment of Advanced HCC ：a Prospective, Exploratory, Single-arm, Open-label, Multi-center Clinical Study[NCT05831969]	Phase 2	23 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-05	Not yet recruiting
Lenalidomide as Second-line Treatment for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): a Phase II Clinical Trial[NCT01545804]	Phase 2	55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
Lenalidomide for Advanced Hepatocellular Cancer:A Phase II Trial[NCT00717756]	Phase 2	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Completed
[NCT00006198]	Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional		Active, not recruiting
A Pilot Clinical and Mechanistic Study of Radiotherapy Plus Thalidomide in Locally Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma[NCT00155272]	Phase 1/Phase 2	19 participants	Interventional	2005-03-31	Recruiting
A Phase I Open-label Dose-escalation Study With Lenalidomide in Combination With a Fixed Dose of Sorafenib for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma[NCT01348503]	Phase 1	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Terminated (stopped due to Treatment was ineffective)
Thalidomide for Unresectable Hepatocellular Cancer With Optional Interferon Alpha-2a Upon Disease Progression[NCT00006006]	Phase 2	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-08-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"radiographic response defined as partial response defined by RECIST:At least a 30% decrease in the sum of the LD of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum LD~It is noted that while on average the time frame for scans was 4 months, there were two patients who at 32 and 36 months had not progressed." (NCT00717756)
Timeframe: on average about every 2 months until progression, on average about 4 months.

Article	Year
Thalidomide combined with transcatheter artierial chemoembolzation for primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget, 2017, Jul-04, Volume: 8, Issue:27 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Combin	2017
Thalidomide Combined with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) for Intermediate or Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and GRADE Approach Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2018, Aug-24, Volume: 19, Issue:8 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Combined Modalit	2018
Evolution of systemic therapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. World journal of gastroenterology, 2008, Nov-14, Volume: 14, Issue:42 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Benzenesulfonates;	2008
Hepatocellular carcinoma with intra-atrial tumor thrombi. A report of three cases responsive to thalidomide treatment and literature review. Oncology, 2004, Volume: 67, Issue:3-4 Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Heart Atria; Humans; Liver Neoplasms	2004
[Thalidomide. Clinical trials in cancer]. Medicina, 2000, Volume: 60 Suppl 2 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Multiple Myeloma;	2000

Article	Year
Lenalidomide as second-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: exploration of biomarkers for treatment efficacy. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2017, Volume: 46, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha-Fetoproteins; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor;	2017
Lenalidomide as second-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: exploration of biomarkers for treatment efficacy. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2017, Volume: 46, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha-Fetoproteins; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor;	2017
Lenalidomide as second-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: exploration of biomarkers for treatment efficacy. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2017, Volume: 46, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha-Fetoproteins; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor;	2017
Lenalidomide as second-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: exploration of biomarkers for treatment efficacy. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2017, Volume: 46, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha-Fetoproteins; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor;	2017
Lenalidomide for second-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular cancer: a Brown University oncology group phase II study. American journal of clinical oncology, 2015, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinom	2015
Lenalidomide for second-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular cancer: a Brown University oncology group phase II study. American journal of clinical oncology, 2015, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinom	2015
Lenalidomide for second-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular cancer: a Brown University oncology group phase II study. American journal of clinical oncology, 2015, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinom	2015
Lenalidomide for second-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular cancer: a Brown University oncology group phase II study. American journal of clinical oncology, 2015, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinom	2015
Chronic thalidomide and chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. The oncologist, 2014, Volume: 19, Issue:12 Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Live	2014
Perfusion parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging predict outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma receiving radiotherapy with or without thalidomide. Hepatology international, 2015, Volume: 9, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Combined Modality Therapy; Contrast Media;	2015
Clinical efficacy of metronomic chemotherapy after cool-tip radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group, 2016, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Metronomic; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Capecitabine; Carcinoma, Hepatocellu	2016
Phase I Study of Lenalidomide and Sorafenib in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. The oncologist, 2016, Volume: 21, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Humans; Le	2016
Thalidomide in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma as antiangiogenic treatment approach: a phase I/II trial. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2008, Volume: 20, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Capillaries; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Dos	2008
Phase II study of concomitant thalidomide during radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 82, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemokine	2012
Efficacy, safety, and potential biomarkers of thalidomide plus metronomic chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology, 2012, Volume: 82, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Combin	2012
Salvage therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with thalidomide. World journal of gastroenterology, 2004, Mar-01, Volume: 10, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Humans;	2004
Phase II study of thalidomide in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer, 2005, Jan-01, Volume: 103, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Disease-Free Sur	2005
Thalidomide in the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase II trial. Cancer, 2005, Feb-15, Volume: 103, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Disease Progression; Female; Humans	2005
Effects of the combined treatment with thalidomide, megestrol and interleukine-2 in cirrhotic patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. A pilot study. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 2005, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Prot	2005
Results of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and thalidomide for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Japanese journal of clinical oncology, 2006, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Combined Modality	2006
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral thalidomide in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Area Under Curve;	2006
Multi-centre phase II trial of Thalidomide in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden), 2007, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents;	2007
[Efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined thalidomide on hepatocellular carcinoma: a controlled randomized trial]. Ai zheng = Aizheng = Chinese journal of cancer, 2007, Volume: 26, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoemboliza	2007

Article	Year
In pursuit of a selective hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic agent: Novel thalidomide derivatives with antiproliferative, antimigratory and STAT3 inhibitory properties. European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2021, May-05, Volume: 217 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Dose-Response R	2021
Isotretinoin and Thalidomide Down-Regulate Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021, Sep-22, Volume: 26, Issue:19 Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down	2021
Lipid droplet binding thalidomide analogs activate endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppress hepatocellular carcinoma in a chemically induced transgenic mouse model. Lipids in health and disease, 2013, Nov-22, Volume: 12 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Pro	2013
Successful multimodal treatment for aggressive metastatic and recurrent fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma in a child. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology, 2014, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Child; Cisplatin; Combine	2014
Potential synergistic anti-tumor activity between lenalidomide and sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2014, Volume: 29, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Disease Model	2014
Value of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in predicting outcomes of HCC receiving radiotherapy. Hepatology international, 2015, Volume: 9, Issue:2 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resona	2015
Lenalidomide induces apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis via caspase‑3 and VEGF in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Molecular medicine reports, 2016, Volume: 14, Issue:5 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Caspase 3; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Pro	2016
[The effect of thalidomine-induced NF-kappa B activation on malignant transformation of hepatocytes]. Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology, 2009, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: 2-Acetylaminofluorene; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Immunohistochemi	2009
[Inhibitory effect of thalidomide on growth of human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 cells]. Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology], 2009, Volume: 31, Issue:8 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Caspase 3; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Pro	2009
Antiangiogenic therapy combined with TACE - more beneficial therapeutic effect in HCC. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2010, Volume: 31, Issue:10 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Drug Therapy, Co	2010
Quantitative evaluation of viable tissue perfusion changes with contrast-enhanced greyscale ultrasound in a mouse hepatoma model following treatment with different doses of thalidomide. The British journal of radiology, 2011, Volume: 84, Issue:1005 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Contrast Media; Dose-Response Relations	2011
Quantitative assessment of tumor blood flow in mice after treatment with different doses of an antiangiogenic agent with contrast-enhanced destruction-replenishment US. Radiology, 2011, Volume: 259, Issue:2 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Carcinoma, He	2011
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonic parametric perfusion imaging in the evaluation of antiangiogenic tumor treatment. European journal of radiology, 2012, Volume: 81, Issue:6 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Area Under Curve; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Contrast Media; Disea	2012
Activity of thalidomide and capecitabine in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. American journal of clinical oncology, 2012, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Capecitabine; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular	2012
Thalidomide-based multidisciplinary treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis. World journal of gastroenterology, 2012, Feb-07, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Humans; Ka	2012
Unexpected remission of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with lung metastasis to the combination therapy of thalidomide and cyproheptadine: report of two cases and a preliminary HCC cell line study. BMJ case reports, 2012, Oct-12, Volume: 2012 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Survival; Cyprohepta	2012
THALIDOMIDE AND NEOPLASIA. Nature, 1963, Dec-07, Volume: 200 Topics: Carcinogens; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Mice; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Exper	1963
Low-dose thalidomide treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology, 2003, Volume: 65, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; alpha-Fetoproteins; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocel	2003
[Effect of thalidomide on tumor growth in mouse hepatoma H22 model]. Ai zheng = Aizheng = Chinese journal of cancer, 2003, Volume: 22, Issue:12 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Body Weight; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Disease Models, Animal; Fl	2003
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI analysis of perfusion changes in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with an antiangiogenic agent: a preliminary study. AJR. American journal of roentgenology, 2004, Volume: 183, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Contrast Media; Female; Humans; Liv	2004
Thalidomide for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: is this a real alternative? Cancer, 2005, Jan-01, Volume: 103, Issue:1 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Transplantation;	2005
Effects of thalidomide on angiogenesis and tumor growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. World journal of gastroenterology, 2005, Jan-14, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Base Sequence; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Division; DNA Prime	2005
Treatment with inhibitors of angiogenesis in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a new tool in our hands or simply a hope? Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 2005, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Fibroblast Grow	2005
Effect of thalidomide in hepatocellular carcinoma: assessment with power doppler US and analysis of circulating angiogenic factors. Radiology, 2005, Volume: 235, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Fetoproteins; Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; Angiogenesis Inhib	2005
alpha-fetoprotein response predicts survival benefits of thalidomide in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2005, Aug-01, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; alpha-Fetoproteins; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Dis	2005
Thalidomide in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with optional low-dose interferon-alpha2a upon progression. The oncologist, 2005, Volume: 10, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cytokines; Disease Progression; Drug Ther	2005
Blood flow changes in hepatocellular carcinoma after the administration of thalidomide assessed by reperfusion kinetics during microbubble infusion: preliminary results. Investigative radiology, 2006, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Contrast Media; Female; Humans; Image Proc	2006
Acute tumor lysis syndrome after thalidomide therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The oncologist, 2006, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Thal	2006
Hepatocellular carcinoma--Pathological complete response to oral capecitabine, megestrol and thalidomide. Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden), 2006, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Capecitabine; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Deoxy	2006
Low dose of thalidomide can be effective in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2006, Volume: 21, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Neoplasms; Severity	2006
Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World journal of gastroenterology, 2006, Nov-21, Volume: 12, Issue:43 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Dose-Response Re	2006
Thalidomide for treating metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study. The Korean journal of internal medicine, 2006, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressi	2006
Thalidomide-induced severe facial erythema in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. International journal of clinical practice, 2007, Volume: 61, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Erythema; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Neoplasms; Male;	2007
Dramatic reduction in tumour size in hepatocellular carcinoma patients on thalidomide therapy. Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie, 2007, Volume: 21, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male	2007
19F NMR in vivo spectroscopy reflects the effectiveness of perfusion-enhancing vascular modifiers for improving gemcitabine chemotherapy. Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2008, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Deoxy	2008
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thalidomide and Hepatocellular Carcinoma