Compounds > laromustine
Page last updated: 2024-11-10

laromustine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

laromustine: has antineoplastic activity [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID3081349
CHEMBL ID167691
SCHEMBL ID2416976
MeSH IDM0535286

Synonyms (35)

Synonym
unii-14j2g0u3nq
14j2g0u3nq ,
2'-(2-chloroethyl)-n-methyl-1',2'-bis(methylsulfonyl)carbamohydrazide
nsc 734246
laromustine [usan:inn]
101m
onrigin
vnp-40101m
laromustine
cloretazine
methanesulfonic acid, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-((methylamino)carbonyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)hydrazide
vnp 40101m
vnp40101m
1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(methylamino) carbonyl]hydrazine
173424-77-6
nsc-734246
nsc734246
1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-((2-methylamino)carbonyl)hydrazine
D08939
laromustine (usan)
1-[2-chloroethyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-3-methyl-1-methylsulfonylurea
laromustin
CHEMBL167691
DB05817
laromustine [mi]
1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-((methylamino)carbonyl)hydrazine
laromustine [usan]
laromustine [mart.]
laromustine [who-dd]
2-(2-chloroethyl)-n-methyl-1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)hydrazinecarboxamide
laromustine [inn]
PVCULFYROUOVGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SCHEMBL2416976
DTXSID30169614
Q26841309

Research Excerpts

Overview

Laromustine is a prodrug that yields a chloroethylating compound and a carbamoylating compound. It is a sulfonylhdrazine alkylator with significant antileukemia activity.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Laromustine is a prodrug that yields a chloroethylating compound (VNP-4090-CE) and a carbamoylating compound (methyl isocyanate)."( Laromustine, a sulfonyl hydrolyzing alkylating prodrug for cancer therapy.
Pigneux, A, 2009)		2.52
"Laromustine is a sulfonylhdrazine alkylator with significant antileukemia activity. "( Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of high-dose continuous infusion cytarabine alone or with laromustine (VNP40101M) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse.
Albitar, M; Boskovic, D; Brandwein, J; Cahill, A; DeAngelo, D; Giles, F; Kell, J; O'Brien, S; Pigneux, A; Robak, T; Seiter, K; Staib, P; Stock, W; Stuart, R; Tallman, M; Thomas, X; Vey, N, 2009)		2

Effects

Laromustine has significant activity in both older patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. It has limited extramedullary toxicity.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Laromustine has limited extramedullary toxicity."( Laromustine (cloretazine).
Giles, F; Vey, N, 2010)		2.52
"Laromustine has significant activity in AML. "( Laromustine (cloretazine).
Giles, F; Vey, N, 2010)		3.25
"Laromustine has significant activity in both older patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, including those with very poor-risk disease, and in patients with relapsed disease."( Clinical activity of laromustine (Onrigin™) in hematologic malignancies.
Alvarado, Y; Giles, FJ; Kelly, KR; Swords, R, 2009)		1.39

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" As alkylating agents are important antileukemia drugs, a Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of VNP40101M was conducted in patients with refractory or relapsed leukemias or poor-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)."( A Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of VNP40101M, a novel sulfonylhydrazine alkylating agent, in patients with refractory leukemia.
Andreeff, M; Beran, M; Cahill, A; Clairmont, C; Cortes, J; Faderl, S; Ferrajoli, A; Garcia-Manero, G; Giles, F; Jeha, S; Kantarjian, H; Koller, C; Sznol, M; Thomas, D; Verstovsek, S, 2004)		0.32
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed in the first cycle and any cycle with a change in dose."( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of VNP40101M, a new alkylating agent, in patients with advanced or metastatic cancer.
Chu, E; Clairmont, C; Egorin, M; Kummar, S; Modiano, M; Murren, J; Sznol, M, 2005)		0.33
" The elimination half-life was short and estimated to be approximately 15 minutes."( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of VNP40101M, a new alkylating agent, in patients with advanced or metastatic cancer.
Chu, E; Clairmont, C; Egorin, M; Kummar, S; Modiano, M; Murren, J; Sznol, M, 2005)		0.33

Compound-Compound Interactions

Laromustine is a novel sulfonylhydrazine alkylating agent with significant antileukaemic activity, alone, or combined with cytarabine or daunorubicin.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" A phase I study of cloretazine combined with cytarabine (1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine, ara-C) was conducted in patients with refractory disease."( Phase I study of cloretazine (VNP40101M), a novel sulfonylhydrazine alkylating agent, combined with cytarabine in patients with refractory leukemia.
Albitar, M; Cahill, A; Cortes, J; Faderl, S; Ferrajoli, A; Garcia-Manero, G; Gerson, S; Giles, F; Jabbour, E; Kantarjian, H; Karsten, V; Kornblau, S; O'Brien, S; Ravandi, F; Sznol, M; Thomas, D; Verstovsek, S; Yee, K, 2005)		0.33
" Dose-limiting toxicities (gastrointestinal and myelosuppression) were seen with 500 and 600 mg/m(2) of cloretazine combined with the 4-day ara-C schedule but not seen with the 3-day schedule."( Phase I study of cloretazine (VNP40101M), a novel sulfonylhydrazine alkylating agent, combined with cytarabine in patients with refractory leukemia.
Albitar, M; Cahill, A; Cortes, J; Faderl, S; Ferrajoli, A; Garcia-Manero, G; Gerson, S; Giles, F; Jabbour, E; Kantarjian, H; Karsten, V; Kornblau, S; O'Brien, S; Ravandi, F; Sznol, M; Thomas, D; Verstovsek, S; Yee, K, 2005)		0.33
" In this study, Cloretazine was evaluated both as a monotherapy and in combination with fludarabine in murine tumor and human tumor xenograft models."( Anti-tumor efficacy of Cloretazine (VNP40101M) alone and in combination with fludarabine in murine tumor and human xenograft tumor models.
King, I; Li, Z; Liu, L; Song, BL; Zheng, LM, 2007)		0.34
"We have investigated the effect of cloretazine (VNP40101M or Laromustine), a novel sulfonylhydrazine alkylating agent with significant antileukaemic activity, alone, or combined with cytarabine or daunorubicin, on the proliferation, viability and apoptosis of cell lines and acute myeloid leukaemia blast cells in vitro."( Effect of cloretazine (VNP40101M) on acute myeloid leukaemia blast cells in vitro as a single agent and combined with cytarabine and daunorubicin.
Adams, JA; Liu Yin, JA; Morris, KL, 2009)		0.59
"These studies explored questions related to the potential use of Laromustine in the treatment of solid tumors and in combination with radiotherapy."( Preclinical evaluation of Laromustine for use in combination with radiation therapy in the treatment of solid tumors.
Akintujoye, OM; Baumann, RP; Glazer, PM; Ishiguro, K; Liu, Y; Penketh, PG; Rockwell, S; Sartorelli, AC; Seow, HA; Shyam, K, 2012)		0.92

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Although significant activity was seen, safety and optimal dosing in combination regimen remain to be established and are now being investigated."( Laromustine (cloretazine).
Giles, F; Vey, N, 2010)		1.8
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (12)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID110613Average percent change in body weight from onset to termination of therapy at dose 10(mg/kg)1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Antitumor 2-(aminocarbonyl)-1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)- hydrazines.
AID733208Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells expressing AGT after 4 to 24 hrs by clonogenic assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6
Chloroethylating and methylating dual function antineoplastic agents display superior cytotoxicity against repair proficient tumor cells.
AID733210Cytotoxicity against mouse AGT negative EMT6 cells under aerobic conditions after 4 to 24 hrs by clonogenic assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6
Chloroethylating and methylating dual function antineoplastic agents display superior cytotoxicity against repair proficient tumor cells.
AID733205Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells expressing AGT at 10 to 80 uM after 4 hrs by clonogenic assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6
Chloroethylating and methylating dual function antineoplastic agents display superior cytotoxicity against repair proficient tumor cells.
AID110615Average percent change in body weight from onset to termination of therapy at dose 15(mg/kg)1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Antitumor 2-(aminocarbonyl)-1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)- hydrazines.
AID733204Binding affinity to mouse L1210 cell DNA assessed as DNA cross-linking activity at 10 to 50 uM using H33258 dye by rapid DNA renaturation assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6
Chloroethylating and methylating dual function antineoplastic agents display superior cytotoxicity against repair proficient tumor cells.
AID121746%60 day survivors were determined for the compound as the mouse surviving after the 60 day treatment at dose 5 mg/kg1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Antitumor 2-(aminocarbonyl)-1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)- hydrazines.
AID120019Average survival time of treated /control mice*100 was determined at a daily dose of 5 mg/kg1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Antitumor 2-(aminocarbonyl)-1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)- hydrazines.
AID733201Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells expressing AGT after 4 to 24 hrs by clonogenic assay in presence of 100 uM of AGT inhibitor O6-BG2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6
Chloroethylating and methylating dual function antineoplastic agents display superior cytotoxicity against repair proficient tumor cells.
AID121740%60 day survivors were determined for the compound as the mouse surviving after the 60 day treatment at dose 10 mg/kg1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Antitumor 2-(aminocarbonyl)-1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)- hydrazines.
AID121742%60 day survivors were determined for the compound as the mouse surviving after the 60 day treatment at dose 15 mg/kg1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Antitumor 2-(aminocarbonyl)-1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)- hydrazines.
AID110619Average percent change in body weight from onset to termination of therapy at dose 5(mg/kg)1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-02, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Antitumor 2-(aminocarbonyl)-1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)- hydrazines.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (53)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's1 (1.89)18.2507
2000's32 (60.38)29.6817
2010's20 (37.74)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 19.94

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index19.94 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.16 (2.92)
Research Growth Index6.47 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index15.26 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (19.94)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials10 (18.87%)5.53%
Reviews7 (13.21%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other36 (67.92%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
carbamates
[no description available]		2.4920amino-acid anion
cytosine
[no description available]		3.5520aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		2.0210alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		2.7430N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		3.1610branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
o(6)-benzylguanine
O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity		2.7430
temozolomide
[no description available]		10.0431imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		2.0410phthalimides;
piperidones
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		3.5520monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		2.0210ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
cytarabine
[no description available]		8.4982beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
ethane
Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane;
gas molecular entity		plant metabolite;
refrigerant
isoprene
isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.		210alkadiene;
hemiterpene;
volatile organic compound		plant metabolite
thioglycerol
thioglycerol: potentiates action of bradykinin in guinea-pig ileum; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. monothioglycerol : A thiol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups is replaced by a thiol group.		2.0210propane-1,2-diols;
thiol		reducing agent;
vulnerary
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		13.615210azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		4.3530N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		2.0610acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
methyl isocyanate
methyl isocyanate: structure. methyl isocyanate : The isocyanate that is methane modified by a single isocyanato substituent.		3.8430isocyanatesallergen;
apoptosis inducer
methylnitrosourea
Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.		2.0810N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.0410pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arsenic trioxide
Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.		3.1410
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.0310beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0410delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		3.8430aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		3.5420anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		2.0410organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
irinotecan
[no description available]		2.0410carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
o-(6)-methylguanine
O-(6)-methylguanine: structure. 6-O-methylguanine : A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.. methylguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is guanine bearing a single methyl substituent.		2.0510methylguaninemutagen
bendamustine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
cyanates
Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).		4.4160
clofarabine
[no description available]		5.0950adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		3.1610methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lestaurtinib
[no description available]		2.0410indolocarbazole
1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-methylhydrazine
[no description available]		2.0810
cyc 682
sapacitabine: structure in first source. sapacitabine : A nucleoside analogue resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the amino group of CNDAC. It is the prodrug of CNDAC and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).		3.1610nitrile;
nucleoside analogue;
secondary carboxamide		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
tipifarnib
[no description available]		3.5520imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound;
quinolone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
lenalidomide
[no description available]		2.0410aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
decitabine
[no description available]		3.55202'-deoxyribonucleoside
troxacitabine
troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity		3.1610carbohydrate derivative;
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.0310purine nucleoside
nadp
[no description available]		2.4620
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.1410metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.4720cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
5'-oleoyl cytarabine
elaidic acid-cytarabine: a 5'-elaidic acid (C18:1, unsaturated fatty acid) ester of cytarabine		3.5520pyrimidine nucleoside
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		2.0410ammonium ion derivative
midostaurin
midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.		2.0410benzamides;
gamma-lactam;
indolocarbazole;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)hydrazine
1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)hydrazine: a chloroethylating agent that alkylates and cross-links DNA; structure in first source		3.3460
ter 199
gamma-Glu-S-BzCys-PhGly diethyl ester: a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) inhibitor; structure given in first source		3.1510
guanine
[no description available]		3.43702-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		5.0431dacarbazine
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		2.4420nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		01.9910
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.4120
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		01.9910
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		13.9910
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		06.4852
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		113.4852
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.8681
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		17.8681
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		09.15103
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		111.15103
Recrudescence
[description not available]		06.7442
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		03.4411
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		03.4411
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		03.4411
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		03.4411
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		03.4411
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		03.4411
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		04.7421
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		16.7421
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		06.4233
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		07.4420
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		02.4420
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0710
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		06.1462
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		04.3722
Emesis
[description not available]		03.411
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		05.9952
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		06.1462
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		03.411
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		04.3722
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		03.411
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		02.7230
Anoxemia
[description not available]		02.0210
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		02.0210
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		05.5832
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.0210
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		05.8142
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		03.8321
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		05.8142
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		03.8321
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		02.0310
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		02.0310
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		02.0310
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.0310
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0310
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		02.0410
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		14.0410
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		02.0410
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		02.0410