brodimoprim profile

brodimoprim: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

brodimoprim : An aminopyrimidine that is 2,4-diaminopyrimidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	68760
CHEMBL ID	31891
CHEBI ID	131726
SCHEMBL ID	49613
MeSH ID	M0112453

Synonym
2,4-diamino-5-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine
brodimoprimum [inn-latin]
brodimoprim [inn]
bromdimoprim
brn 0760113
brodimoprime [inn-french]
brodimoprima [inn-spanish]
2,4-pyrimidinediamine, 5-((4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)-
c13h15brn4o2
ro 105970
einecs 260-238-8
unitrim
ro-10-5970
hyprim
D07238
brodimoprim (inn)
5-((4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine
56518-41-3
ro 10-5970
5-[(4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine
brodimoprim
CHEMBL31891 ,
5-[(4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine
FT-0663605
5-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine
brodimoprima
brodimoprimum
brodimoprime
CHEBI:131726
bdbm50027970
5-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine
NCGC00238470-01
unii-v1yc7t6lli
v1yc7t6lli ,
5-25-13-00394 (beilstein handbook reference)
AKOS016013929
brodimoprim [mi]
brodimoprim [who-dd]
brodimoprim [mart.]
5-[(4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine
SCHEMBL49613
2,4-diamino-5-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-pyrimidine
BFCRRLMMHNLSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
DTXSID20205070
2,4-pyrimidinediamine, 5-[(4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-
Q4973047
DB13795
MS-25161
HY-121341
5-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine;hyprim
5-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-bromobenzyl)-2,4-diaminopyrimidine
CS-0081497
gtpl12325

Research Excerpts

Overview

Brodimoprim is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor which is highly active against a broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It has recently entered into clinical use, and its uptake into and elimination from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) have been investigated.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Brodimoprim is a new 2,4-diaminobenzylpyrimidine that selectively inhibits bacterial and resistance plasmid dihydrofolate reductases to a similar or greater extent than trimethoprim. "	( Comparative antibacterial spectrum of trimethoprim and brodimoprim. Amyes, SG, 1993)	1.98
"Brodimoprim is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor which is highly active against a broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. "	( Pharmacokinetics of brodimoprim. Weidekamm, E, 1993)	2.05
"Brodimoprim is a new diaminopyridine derivative suitable for oral therapy which shows good in-vitro activity against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. "	( Efficacy and tolerability of brodimoprim in respiratory tract infections. Bisetti, A; Marchioni, CF; Moretti, M, 1993)	2.02
"Brodimoprim is a long acting broad spectrum antibacterial agent. "	( Efficacy and tolerability of brodimoprim in pediatric infections. Bellosta, C; Boccazzi, A; Careddu, P; Tonelli, P, 1993)	2.02
"Brodimoprim is a dimethoxybenzylpyrimidine that has recently entered into clinical use, and its uptake into and elimination from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), together with its effects on normal phagocytic and antimicrobial mechanisms, have been investigated."	( Penetration of brodimoprim into human neutrophils and intracellular activity. Bondiolotti, G; Braga, PC; Dal Sasso, M; Fonti, E; Maci, S; Reggio, S, 1996)	1.37

Effects

Brodimoprim has been found to exhibit good therapeutic efficacy in upper and lower respiratory tract infections, in bacterial gastroenteritis and in typhoid fever. It is not active against aerobic bacteria that are normally inherently trimethoprim-resistant, such as Pseudomonas spp.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Brodimoprim has a similar antibacterial spectrum to trimethoprim against bacterial species normally sensitive to this class of drugs although it is not active against aerobic bacteria that are normally inherently trimethoprim-resistant, such as Pseudomonas spp."	( Comparative antibacterial spectrum of trimethoprim and brodimoprim. Amyes, SG, 1993)	1.25
"Brodimoprim has a similar antibacterial spectrum to trimethoprim against bacterial species normally sensitive to this class of drugs although it is not active against aerobic bacteria that are normally inherently trimethoprim-resistant, such as Pseudomonas spp."	( Comparative antibacterial spectrum of trimethoprim and brodimoprim. Amyes, SG, 1993)	1.25
"Brodimoprim has been found to exhibit good therapeutic efficacy in upper and lower respiratory tract infections, in bacterial gastroenteritis and in typhoid fever."	( Brodimoprim: therapeutic efficacy and safety in the treatment of bacterial infections. Braunsteiner, AR; Finsinger, F, 1993)	2.45

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In the baboon no toxic effects were seen even at repeated doses up to 150 mg/kg/day; on the other hand the dog was found to be particularly sensitive to treatment as 20 mg/kg/day were poorly tolerated."	( Preclinical toxicology and safety pharmacology of brodimoprim in comparison to trimethoprim and analogs. Stephan-Güldner, M, 1993)	0.54
" In the brodimoprim group, the overall incidence of clinical adverse events occurring in patients during treatment was 12."	( Brodimoprim: therapeutic efficacy and safety in the treatment of bacterial infections. Braunsteiner, AR; Finsinger, F, 1993)	2.16

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In the postdistributive phase an elimination half-life of 32-35 h was determined which justifies once-daily administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of brodimoprim. Weidekamm, E, 1993)	0.61
" The plasma half-life increased moderately with age."	( Pharmacokinetics of brodimoprim in special populations. Borzio, F; Deroubaix, X; Gaspari, F; Jeanbaptiste, B; Lebacq, E; Lins, R; Pavesio, D; Pelozi, GC; Rosillon, D; Stockis, A, 1993)	0.61
"We investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of brodimoprim (B), a new diaminopyrimidine, including its penetration into suction blister fluid (SBF) after a single or multiple oral dose in 15 patients with a mean age of 61."	( Pharmacokinetics and blister fluid penetration of brodimoprim in adults. Cassetta, MI; Fallani, S; Mazzei, T; Meli, E; Novelli, A; Periti, P, 1993)	0.79
"A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method (LC/MS/MS) for the determination of tetrandrine in rat plasma has been developed, fully validated and successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after a single oral administration."	( Establishment of a liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometry method for quantification of tetrandrine in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Li, Q; Liu, C; Song, N; Zhang, S, 2008)	0.35

Compound-Compound Interactions

The antibacterial effect of brodimoprim alone and in combination with dapsone has been studied in vitro in cell-free systems and in whole mycobacterial cells as well as in vivo in mice and humans. The activities of the 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines broDimoprim and metioprim against anaerobic bacteria were tested.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The antibacterial effect of brodimoprim alone and in combination with dapsone has been studied in vitro in cell-free systems and in whole mycobacterial cells as well as in vivo in mice and humans."	( In vitro and in vivo experiments with the new inhibitor of mycobacterium leprae brodimoprim alone and in combination with dapsone. Dhople, AM; Jagannathan, R; Mahadevan, PR; Rosenfeld, M; Seydel, JK; Wempe, EG, 1990)	0.8
"Bacterial growth kinetics and checkerboard titration experiments have been performed to determine the inhibitory power of metioprim (I) and brodimoprim (II) alone and in combination with diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) using Escherichia coli and mycobacteria as test organisms."	( Bacterial growth kinetics of Escherichia coli and mycobacteria in the presence of brodimoprim and metioprim alone and in combination with sulfamerazine and dapsone (VI). Rosenfeld, M; Seydel, JK; Wempe, EG, 1983)	0.69
"The activities of the 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines brodimoprim and metioprim against anaerobic bacteria were tested alone and in combination with sulfonamides."	( Activity of brodimoprim and metioprim alone and in combination with sulfonamides against anaerobic bacteria. Schwarzenbach, J; Wüst, J, 1983)	0.89
"The antimicrobial effects of a new dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, epiroprim, alone and in combination with dapsone and brodimoprim against Mycobacterium leprae were evaluated in vitro in cell-free culture system."	( In vitro activity of epiroprim, a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, singly and in combination with brodimoprim and dapsone, against Mycobacterium leprae. Dhople, AM, 1999)	0.73

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The bioavailability of brodimoprim tablets given orally is 80-90%; their relative bioavailability compared to an aqueous solution is 100%."	( Pharmacokinetic profile of brodimoprim: oral bioavailability and penetration into interstitial fluid. Bergan, T, 1993)	0.89

Dosage Studied

Brodimoprim may be useful in the treatment of infections, and that dosage once a day may be sufficient. Considering the minimal inhibitory concentrations of potential target organisms and the slow elimination, the results suggest that brodimop Rim may be helpful.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Considering the minimal inhibitory concentrations of potential target organisms and the slow elimination, the results suggest that brodimoprim may be useful in the treatment of infections, and that dosage once a day may be sufficient."	( Pharmacokinetics of brodimoprim in serum and skin blister fluid. Bergan, T; Digranes, A; Kalager, T; Salveson, A, 1985)	0.8
" Brodimoprim reaches equivalent levels in the serum as trimethoprim for the same dosage regimens but, unlike trimethoprim, brodimoprim has a long half-life."	( Comparative antibacterial spectrum of trimethoprim and brodimoprim. Amyes, SG, 1993)	1.44
" Plasma and urine samples were collected up to 4 days after dosing and analyzed for unchanged drug by an HPLC-assay with fluorescence detection."	( Pharmacokinetics of brodimoprim. Weidekamm, E, 1993)	0.61
" The relative stability of extravascular concentrations suggests that, with adequate dose sizes, dosage may be once daily, and even only once every second day."	( Pharmacokinetic profile of brodimoprim: oral bioavailability and penetration into interstitial fluid. Bergan, T, 1993)	0.58
"Eighty adult patients affected by acute bacterial otitis media were selected and randomized into two balanced groups of treatment: 1) brodimoprim 200 mg tablets at the dosage of 2 tablets in single dose on the first day and one tablet on the following days; 2) josamycin 500 mg tablets at the dosage of 3 tablets/day."	( Efficacy and tolerability of brodimoprim in otitis. Camaioni, A; De Campora, E; Radici, M, 1993)	0.78
"160 children with an average age of 9 years (range 6-15) affected by acute bacterial tonsillitis, were selected and assigned, following an open, parallel group design to: a) brodimoprim at the dose of 10 mg/kg on the first day, in single administration, and of 5 mg/kg on the following days; b) cotrimoxazole suspension, at the dosage of 6 mg of trimethoprim/kg/day, in two daily administrations; c) amoxicillin with clavulanic acid suspension (amoxi-clavulanate) 50 mg/kg every 12 hours."	( Efficacy and tolerability of brodimoprim in pharyngotonsillitis in children. Dallari, S; Galetti, G, 1993)	0.77
"78 pediatric patients affected by acute otitis media were selected and randomized into two balanced groups of treatment: brodimoprim, at the dosage of 200 mg once-a-day on the first day and of 100 mg once-a-day on the following days, and cefaclor at a dosage of 40 mg/Kg/day in three doses."	( Efficacy and tolerability of brodimoprim in bacterial otitis media in children. Controlled study versus cefaclor. Bergamini, G; Cantini, L; Dallari, S; Galetti, G; Ghidini, A; Martini, A; Mazzoli, M; Monici Preti, PA, 1993)	0.79

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Role	Description
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor	An EC 1.5.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3).
antiinfective agent	A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases.
antibacterial drug	A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
aminopyrimidine	A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives.
bromobenzenes	A member of the class of benzenes that is benzene substituted by at least one bromo group.
methoxybenzenes	Any aromatic ether that consists of a benzene skeleton substituted with one or more methoxy groups.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus (chicken)	Ki	28.8403	0.1122	0.2158	0.3311	AID56467
Dihydrofolate reductase	Lacticaseibacillus casei	Ki	0.0319	0.0000	1.2675	6.3096	AID57777; AID57779
Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12	IC50 (µMol)	0.0030	0.0015	0.5512	6.8000	AID57578
Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12	Ki	0.0006	0.0000	0.3790	4.0200	AID57588
Dihydrofolate reductase	Pneumocystis carinii	IC50 (µMol)	0.0310	0.0006	0.5476	6.2000	AID55704
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase	Toxoplasma gondii	IC50 (µMol)	0.0170	0.0006	1.0428	10.0000	AID56164
Dihydrofolate reductase	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi	Ki	0.0066	0.0045	0.1179	0.6607	AID57579
Dihydrofolate reductase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0150	0.0006	0.3507	6.2000	AID57817
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
one-carbon metabolic process	Dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
response to methotrexate	Dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
tetrahydrofolate metabolic process	Dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process	Dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
dihydrofolate metabolic process	Dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
folic acid metabolic process	Dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
10-formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
folic acid biosynthetic process	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
one-carbon metabolic process	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
response to methotrexate	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
response to antibiotic	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
dihydrofolate metabolic process	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
folic acid metabolic process	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
mRNA binding	Dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
dihydrofolate reductase activity	Dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
NADP binding	Dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
dihydrofolate reductase activity	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
protein binding	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
folic acid binding	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
oxidoreductase activity	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
NADP binding	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
methotrexate binding	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
dihydrofolic acid binding	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
NADP+ binding	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
NADPH binding	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
mitochondrion	Dihydrofolate reductase	Gallus gallus (chicken)
cytosol	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
cytosol	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli K-12
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (33)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID65357	Inhibition of growth of methotrexate-sensitive (MB1417) strain of Escherichia coli cells.	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 28, Issue:12	Quantitative structure-activity relationship of antifolate inhibition of bacteria cell cultures resistant and sensitive to methotrexate.
AID1653460	Anti-leprotic activity against Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 5.0 mg/L (Rvb = 1.28 +/- 0.14 pmol)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID1653451	Anti-leprotic activity against Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 5.0 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 462 +/- 64 pg)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID1653462	Anti-leprotic activity against Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 15.0 mg/L (Rvb = 1.28 +/- 0.14 pmol)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID56461	Inhibition of chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Inhibition of chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase by 5-(substituted benzyl)-2,4-diaminopyrimidines. A quantitative structure-activity relationship and graphics analysis.
AID1653444	Anti-leprotic activity against Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 15.0 mg/L (Rvb = 0.95 +/- 0.01 pmol)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID57578	Compound was tested for inhibition of Escherichia coli Dihydrofolate reductase.	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 39, Issue:24	Solution of the conformation and alignment tensors for the binding of trimethoprim and its analogs to dihydrofolate reductase: 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship study using molecular shape analysis, 3-way partial least-squares regression, an
AID1653453	Anti-leprotic activity against Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 15.0 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 462 +/- 64 pg)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID23497	Partition coefficient (logD) (aqueous phase 0.1 N HCl)	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Inhibition of chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase by 5-(substituted benzyl)-2,4-diaminopyrimidines. A quantitative structure-activity relationship and graphics analysis.
AID26815	Calculated partition coefficient (clogP)	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 39, Issue:24	Solution of the conformation and alignment tensors for the binding of trimethoprim and its analogs to dihydrofolate reductase: 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship study using molecular shape analysis, 3-way partial least-squares regression, an
AID57817	Inhibition of rat liver Dihydrofolate Reductase	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 40, Issue:22	2,4-Diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine lipophilic antifolates as inhibitors of Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase.
AID1653436	Anti-leprotic activity against Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 15.0 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 314 +/- 46 pg)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID27589	Partition coefficient (logD) (0.01 N NaOH)	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 32, Issue:8	On the structure selectivity problem in drug design. A comparative study of benzylpyrimidine inhibition of vertebrate and bacterial dihydrofolate reductase via molecular graphics and quantitative structure-activity relationships.
AID57588	Inhibition constant against binding of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 31, Issue:7	The hypothetical active site lattice. An approach to modelling active sites from data on inhibitor molecules.
AID1653452	Anti-leprotic activity against Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 10.0 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 462 +/- 64 pg)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID56467	Inhibitory activity against chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 32, Issue:8	On the structure selectivity problem in drug design. A comparative study of benzylpyrimidine inhibition of vertebrate and bacterial dihydrofolate reductase via molecular graphics and quantitative structure-activity relationships.
AID1653461	Anti-leprotic activity against Mycobacterium leprae subcultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 10.0 mg/L (Rvb = 1.28 +/- 0.14 pmol)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID57777	Inhibition constant of compound against Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 27, Issue:12	A 1H NMR study of the interactions and conformations of rationally designed brodimoprim analogues in complexes with Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase.
AID233450	Selectivity ratio of IC50 (rat liver)/IC50 (Pneumocystis carinii)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 40, Issue:22	2,4-Diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine lipophilic antifolates as inhibitors of Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase.
AID57574	Activity against dihydrofolate reductase of Escherichia coli strain MB 1428	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-21, Volume: 35, Issue:17	Application of neural networks: quantitative structure-activity relationships of the derivatives of 2,4-diamino-5-(substituted-benzyl)pyrimidines as DHFR inhibitors.
AID55704	Inhibition of Pneumocystis carinii Dihydrofolate Reductase	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 40, Issue:22	2,4-Diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine lipophilic antifolates as inhibitors of Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase.
AID1653443	Anti-leprotic activity against Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 10.0 mg/L (Rvb = 0.95 +/- 0.01 pmol)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID1653467	Antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium leprae	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID57579	Inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 34, Issue:1	On the optimization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic substituent interactions of 2,4-diamino-5-(substituted-benzyl)pyrimidines with dihydrofolate reductase.
AID57943	Tested for pK value of histidine residue(His-28) of dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 27, Issue:12	A 1H NMR study of the interactions and conformations of rationally designed brodimoprim analogues in complexes with Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase.
AID233452	Selectivity ratio of IC50 (rat liver)/IC50 (Toxoplasma gondii	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 40, Issue:22	2,4-Diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine lipophilic antifolates as inhibitors of Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase.
AID1653435	Anti-leprotic activity against Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 10.0 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 314 +/- 46 pg)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID1653442	Anti-leprotic activity against Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as [3H]thymidine uptake per 5 times 10'7 cells at 5.0 mg/L (Rvb = 0.95 +/- 0.01 pmol)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
AID65359	Inhibition of growth of methotrexate-resistant (MB1428) strain of Escherichia coli cells.	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 28, Issue:12	Quantitative structure-activity relationship of antifolate inhibition of bacteria cell cultures resistant and sensitive to methotrexate.
AID56164	Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii Dihydrofolate Reductase	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 40, Issue:22	2,4-Diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine lipophilic antifolates as inhibitors of Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase.
AID57779	Inhibitory activity against Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 32, Issue:8	On the structure selectivity problem in drug design. A comparative study of benzylpyrimidine inhibition of vertebrate and bacterial dihydrofolate reductase via molecular graphics and quantitative structure-activity relationships.
AID57083	Inhibitory activity against dihydrofolate reductase	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-16, Volume: 44, Issue:17	Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system: an instant and architecture-free predictor for improved QSAR studies.
AID1653434	Anti-leprotic activity against Mycobacterium leprae primary cultures at 4 weeks assessed as ATP level per 10'7 cells at 5.0 mg/L measured by bioluminescence assay (Rvb = 314 +/- 46 pg)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13	Insights of synthetic analogues of anti-leprosy agents.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	15 (22.73)	18.7374
1990's	47 (71.21)	18.2507
2000's	3 (4.55)	29.6817
2010's	1 (1.52)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	17 (23.61%)	5.53%
Reviews	7 (9.72%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	48 (66.67%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	3.31	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	3.54	2	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	3.31	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dapsone [no description available]	4.85	6	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	1.99	1	0
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	3.31	1	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.03	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
lapachol lapachol : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.	1.97	1	0
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	8.37	1	1	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	3.31	1	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	3.31	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	4.01	4	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sulfamerazine [no description available]	6.96	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	1.97	1	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	3.31	1	0	phthalimides; piperidones
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	12.03	66	15	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
thymidine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	3.31	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	3.31	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	1.99	1	0
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	7	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
acedapsone Acedapsone: Acetylated sulfone that is slowly metabolized to give long-term, low blood levels of DAPSONE. It has antimicrobial and antimalarial action, but is mainly used as a depot leprostatic agent.. acedapsone : A sulfone that is dapsone in which both of the amino groups been acetylation. An antimicrobial drug, it also has antimalarial activity.	3.31	1	0	acetamides; anilide; secondary carboxamide; sulfone	antimalarial; antimicrobial drug
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone: structure and RN in first source. 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol : A sulfone that is diphenyl sulfone in which both of the para hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy groups.	3.31	1	0	bisphenol; sulfone	endocrine disruptor; metabolite
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.	3.31	1	0	aromatic amine	allergen; carcinogenic agent
maltol maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure	1.97	1	0	4-pyranones	metabolite
4,4'-thiodianiline 4,4'-thiodianiline: structure	3.31	1	0	substituted aniline
cycloguanil cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source. cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil.	1.96	1	0	triazines	antifolate; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
monoacetyldapsone monoacetyldapsone: used in leprosy chemotherapy. monoacetyldapsone : A secondary carboxamide resulting from acetylation of one of the amino groups of dapsone.	3.31	1	0	acetamides; anilide; secondary carboxamide; sulfone
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	10.38	5	3	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	3.31	1	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
streptomycin [no description available]	3.31	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine 4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine: structure in first source	2.37	2	0
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	1.99	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
diaveridine diaveridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. diaveridine : An aminopyrimidine in which the pyrimidine ring carries amino substituents at C-2 and C-4 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at C-5. A folic acid antagonist, it is used as a synergist with sulfonamides against the parasitic Eimeria species.	3.36	7	0	aminopyrimidine	antiparasitic agent; drug allergen
metoprine metoprine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist	1.96	1	0
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	9.62	3	2	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	3.31	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	3.31	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	3.37	1	1	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	8.37	1	1	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	1.96	1	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone 4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	3.31	1	0	sulfonic acid derivative
tetroxoprim tetroxoprim: structure given in Negwer 5th ed, #6419	3.47	8	0	dimethoxybenzene
acediasulfone acediasulfone: antibacterial drug for treatment of ear infections; structure in first source	3.31	1	0	alpha-amino acid
metioprim [no description available]	3.58	9	0
aditoprim aditoprim: structure given in first source	2.89	4	0
epiroprim epiroprim: an analog of trimethoprim with improved antimicrobial and pharmacokinetic properties; structure given in first source	9.59	8	0
gentamicin c1a [no description available]	3.31	1	0	gentamycin C
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.04	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
4-nitro-4'-aminodiphenyl sulfone 4-nitro-4'-aminodiphenyl sulfone: dapsone metabolite; structure given in first source	3.31	1	0
2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine: structure given in first source	3.48	8	0
s-(4-bromobenzyl)glutathione S-(4-bromobenzyl)glutathione: inhibits glyoxalase I; cleaved in extracellular medium by gamma-glutamyl transferase	1.97	1	0
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	3.31	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
s-methyl glutathione [no description available]	1.97	1	0	methyl sulfide; S-substituted glutathione; zwitterion
methotrexate [no description available]	3.78	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	3.31	1	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.	3.31	1	0	dicarboxylic acid	EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	4.05	3	1
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	1.97	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
sitafloxacin [no description available]	3.31	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
9-benzyl-2-chloro-6-(2-furyl)purine 9-benzyl-2-chloro-6-(2-furyl)purine: structure in first source	3.31	1	0
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	3.31	1	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
quercetin [no description available]	1.97	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	1.97	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
fisetin [no description available]	1.97	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	1.97	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	3.31	1	0	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	3.77	2	1
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	1.96	1	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	3.54	2	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
thiolactomycin thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source	3.31	1	0
rifabutin [no description available]	3.31	1	0
3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-isobutylpiperazinyl)benzoxazinorifamycin KRM 1648: structure in first source	3.31	1	0	phenoxazine
krm 1657 KRM 1657: structure given in first source	3.31	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Hansen Disease [description not available]	0	4.08	3	0
Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.	0	4.08	3	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.04	1	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	6.68	9	7
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	6.81	9	8
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	1	13.68	9	7
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	0	4.61	3	2
Sinus Infections [description not available]	0	4.33	2	2
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	0	9.33	2	2
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	2.9	1	0
Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available]	0	2.9	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	2.9	1	0
Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.	0	2.9	1	0
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	0	1.98	1	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	0	6.25	8	5
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	0	6.25	8	5
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	1.98	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	1.98	1	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	1.98	1	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	1.98	1	0
Bleb [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Middle Ear Effusion [description not available]	0	9.33	2	2
Eardrum Perforation [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	3.37	1	1
Otitis Media with Effusion Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.	0	4.33	2	2
Tympanic Membrane Perforation A temporary or persistent opening in the eardrum (TYMPANIC MEMBRANE). Clinical signs depend on the size, location, and associated pathological condition.	0	3.37	1	1
Enteric Fever [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	0	3.37	1	1
Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.	0	3.37	1	1
Sore Throat [description not available]	0	4.62	3	2
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	0	9.62	3	2
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	3.37	1	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	3.37	1	1
Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.	0	5.2	4	3
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	3.37	1	1
Sinusitis, Maxillary [description not available]	0	4.33	2	2
Frontal Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the FRONTAL SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE or HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE.	0	3.37	1	1
Maxillary Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.	0	9.33	2	2
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	0	4.97	3	3
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	0	9.97	3	3
Eperythrozoonosis [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Viral Diseases [description not available]	0	3.77	2	1
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	0	3.37	1	1
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	0	3.77	2	1
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	0	8.78	2	1
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	0	8.37	1	1
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	0	1.99	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	0	1.99	1	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	0	1.97	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	1.96	1	0

brodimoprim

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (53)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (7)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (10)

Molecular Functions (10)

Ceullar Components (2)

Bioassays (33)

Research

Studies (66)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 21.68

Study Types

brodimoprim

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (53)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (7)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (10)

Molecular Functions (10)

Ceullar Components (2)

Bioassays (33)

Research

Studies (66)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 21.68

Study Types

Related Drugs (76)

Related Conditions (60)