thalidomide and Ache

thalidomide has been researched along with Ache in 40 studies

Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.
thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.
2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.

Research

Studies (40)

Authors

Clinical Trials (11)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Area Under the Curve (AUC) for the Number of Oral Ulcers From Baseline Through Week 12 (AUC W0-12)

The number of oral ulcers that was counted for the analysis of the primary endpoint included current and recurrent ulcers at each time point; a single oral ulcer could be recounted multiple times if it persisted or recurred at subsequent visits. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Oral ulcers were assessed at weeks 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 during the placebo-controlled period.

Change From Baseline in Behçet's Disease Quality of Life (BD Qol) Scores at Week 12

The Behçet's Disease Quality of Life questionnaire was developed to measure the influence of BD on a particpant's life. It consists of 30 self-completed itemized questions that measure disease-related restrictions on the participant's activities and their emotional response to these restrictions. The total score is the sum of all 30 items (each yes scores 1 and each no scores 0), with 0 representing no influence of Behçet's disease on a participant's quality of life and 30 representing the most severe influence. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 12

Change From Baseline in Disease Activity as Measured by Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF): Behçet's Disease Current Activity Index (BDCAI) at Week 12

The Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) consists of 3 component scores: the Behçet's Disease Current Activity Index (BDCAI) score, the Patient's Perception of Disease Activity, and the Clinician's Overall Perception of Disease Activity. The BDCAI consists of 12 questions regarding disease manifestations over the previous 4 weeks, including oral and genital disease activity, as well as other manifestations of BD involving the skin, joints, GI tract, eyes, nervous system, and vascular system. The BDCAI score is the sum score of 12 items and ranges from 0 to 12. A higher score indicates higher level of disease activity (worsening), and a negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 12

Change From Baseline in Disease Activity as Measured by Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF): Clinician's Overall Perception of Disease Activity at Week 12

The Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) consists of 3 component scores: the Behçet's disease Current Activity Index (BDCAI) score, the Patient's Perception of Disease Activity, and the Clinician's Overall Perception of Disease Activity. The Clinician's Overall Perception of Disease Activity was assessed on a scale from 1 to 7, where a higher score indicates a higher level of disease activity and a negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 12

Change From Baseline in Disease Activity as Measured by Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF): Patient's Perception of Disease Activity at Week 12

The Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) consists of 3 component scores: the Behçet's Disease Current Activity Index (BDCAI) score, the Patient's Perception of Disease Activity, and the Clinician's Overall Perception of Disease Activity. The Patient's Perception of Disease Activity was assessed on a scale from 1 to 7, where a higher score indicates a higher level of disease activity and a negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 12

Change From Baseline in Disease Activity as Measured by Behçet's Syndrome Activity Score (BSAS) at Week 12

The Behçet's Syndrome Activity Score (BSAS) contains 10 questions that assess the number of new oral and genital ulcers and skin lesions, GI, CNS, vascular, and ocular involvement, and the participant's current level of discomfort. The Behçet's Syndrome Activity Score ranges from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating a higher level of disease activity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 12

Change From Baseline in Genital Ulcer Pain as Measured by VAS Score at Week 12

Pain of genital ulcers was measured using a 100 mm visual analog scale. The participant was asked to draw a single line perpendicular to the VAS line at the point that represented the severity of their pain during the previous week, with 0 mm (the left-hand end of the scale) representing no pain and 100 mm (the right-hand end of the scale) representing the worst pain imaginable. The distance of the perpendicular line from the left-hand end of the scale was recorded. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 12

Change From Baseline in Oral Ulcer Pain as Measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at Week 12

"Pain of oral ulcers was measured using a 100 mm VAS scale. The participant was asked to draw a single line perpendicular to the VAS line at the point that represented the severity of their pain during the previous week, with 0 mm (the left-hand end of the scale) representing no pain and 100 mm (the right-hand end of the scale) representing the worst pain imaginable. The distance of the perpendicular line from the left-hand end of the scale was recorded.~A negative change from baseline indicates improvement." (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 12

Change From Baseline in the Total Score of the Static Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) of Skin Lesions of BD at Week 12

"BD-related skin lesions (including acne-like lesions, folliculitis, and erythema nodosum) were evaluated according to the Static Physician's Global Assessment as follows:~Score 0 = clear skin. Score 1 = mild in severity with the presence of 1 to 10 lesions (papules, pustules, cysts) or nodules at any anatomical site.~Score 2 = Moderate severity; presence of 11 to 20 nodules or lesions (papules, pustules, cysts) at any anatomical site.~Score 3 = Severe; presence of > 20 nodules or lesions (papules, pustules, cysts) at any anatomical site.~The total sore was calculated as the sum of the acne-like lesions, folliculitis, and erythema nodosum scores, and therefore ranges from 0 to 9, where a higher score indicates a higher level of activity. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement." (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 12

Number of Oral Ulcers Following Loss of Complete Response Through Week 12

Number of oral ulcers reported at the time of the first loss of complete response, ie, at the first instance when a participant had a reappearance of oral ulcers following a complete response, during the placebo-controlled treatment phase. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 12

Percentage of Participants Who Achieved an Oral Ulcer Complete Response (Oral Ulcer-Free) by Week 6 and Remained Oral Ulcer-Free for at Least 6 Additional Weeks

Participants who were oral ulcer-free by week 6 and remained oral ulcer-free for at least 6 consecutive weeks during the 12-week placebo-controlled treatment phase. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 12

Percentage of Participants Who Experienced a Complete Response For Genital Ulcers at Week 12

A genital ulcer complete response at week 12 was defined as participants who were genital ulcer-free at week 12. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Week 12

Percentage of Participants Who Experienced an Oral Ulcer Complete Response at Week 12

A complete response at week 12 was defined as participants who were oral ulcer free at week 12. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Week 12

Percentage of Participants With no Oral Ulcers Following a Complete Response

The definition includes participants who remained oral ulcer-free through week 12 after achieving a complete response (oral ulcer-free) prior to week 12. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 12

Time to Oral Ulcer Resolution (Complete Response)

Time to oral ulcer resolution (defined as oral ulcer-free) was the time between the first dose date and the date when a complete response was achieved for the first time during the placebo-controlled treatment phase. For participants who did not achieve complete response or discontinued treatment before a complete response was achieved during the placebo-controlled treatment phase, time to event was censored at the last oral ulcer assessment date during the placebo-controlled treatment phase or the first dose date if there were no postbaseline ulcer assessments. Median and 95% confidence interval was based on Kaplan-Meier estimates. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 12

Time to Recurrence of Oral Ulcers Following Loss of Complete Response

Time to recurrence of oral ulcers following the loss of complete response (oral ulcer-free) was defined as the first instance when a participant had a reappearance of oral ulcers following a complete response, during the placebo-controlled treatment phase. For participants who did not have oral ulcer recurrence or discontinued treatment before any oral ulcer recurrence during the placebo-controlled treatment phase, time to event was censored at the last oral ulcer assessment during placebo-controlled treatment phase; For participants without any oral ulcer assessment following the first complete response, time to event was censored to the first complete response date. (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: Baseline through week 12

Number of Participants With TEAEs During the Apremilast-Exposure Period

"The apremilast-exposure period started on the date of the first dose of apremilast (week 0 for participants assigned to apremilast or week 12 for participants who were originally assigned to placebo and switched to apremilast at week 12) and ended 28 days after last dose in the active treatment phase.~An AE is any noxious, unintended, or untoward medical occurrence that may appear or worsen in a subject during the course of a study. An SAE is any AE that resulted in death; was life-threatening; required or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; was a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or constituted an important medical event. The investigator assessed the severity of each event according to the grading scale:~Mild: asymptomatic or mild symptoms; Moderate: symptoms causing moderate discomfort, local or noninvasive intervention indicated; Severe: symptoms causing severe discomfort or pain, requiring medical/surgical intervention (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: From first dose of apremilast (week 0 for those assigned to apremilast or week 12 for those assigned to placebo) up to 28 days after last dose; up to 56 weeks and 68 weeks in each arm respectively.

Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) During the Placebo-controlled Treatment Period

"A TEAE is an adverse event (AE) with a start date on or after the date of the first dose of study drug and no later than 28 days after the last dose. An AE is any noxious, unintended, or untoward medical occurrence that may appear or worsen in a subject during the course of a study. A serious AE (SAE) is any AE that resulted in death; was life-threatening; required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; was a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or constituted an important medical event. For both AEs and SAEs the investigator assessed the severity of the event according to the grading scale:~Mild: asymptomatic or with mild symptoms; Moderate: symptoms causing moderate discomfort and local or noninvasive intervention is indicated; Severe: symptoms causing severe discomfort or pain, symptoms requiring medical/surgical intervention." (NCT02307513)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug in the placebo-controlled phase to the first dose of apremilast in the active treatment phase (12 weeks) or up to 28 days after last dose for participants who did not receive study drug at week 12, whichever was earlier.

Change From Baseline in Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) Total Score In Comparison Between Apremilast and Placebo and Etanercept and Placebo at Week 16

"DLQI is a simple, compact, and practical questionnaire for use in a dermatology clinical setting to assess limitations related to the impact of skin disease. The instrument contains ten items dealing with the participant's skin. With the exception of Item Number 7, the participant responds on a four-point scale, ranging from Very Much (score 3) to Not at All or Not relevant (score 0). Item Number 7 is a multi-part item, the first part of which ascertains whether the participant's skin prevented them from working or studying (Yes or No, scores 3 or 0 respectively), and if No, then the participant is asked how much of a problem the skin has been at work or study over the past week, with response alternatives being A lot, A little, or Not at all (scores 2, 1, or 0 respectively). The DLQI total score is derived by summing all item scores, which has a possible range of 0 to 30, with 30 corresponding to the worst quality of life, and 0 corresponding to the best." (NCT01690299)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

Change From Baseline in the Mental Component Summary (MCS) Score of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36-item (SF-36) Health Survey Version 2.0 in Comparison Between Apremilast and Placebo and Etanercept and Placebo at Week 16

The SF-36 is a 36-item general health status instrument and consists of 8 scales: physical function (PF), role limitations-physical (RP), vitality (VT), general health perceptions (GH), bodily pain (BP), social function (SF), role limitations-emotional (RE), and mental health (MH). Scale scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health. Scores from the 8 scales were transformed to the norm-based scores using weights from U.S. general population to have a mean of 50 and variance = 10, with higher scores indicating better health. From these 8 scale, two overall summary scores were obtained - a Physical Component Summary score (PCS) and a Mental Component Summary score (MCS), both having the same mean of 50 and variance = 10 as noted for the individual scales for the U.S. general population, and with higher scores indicating better health. For MCS, change from baseline was calculated, where change = visit value - baseline value. (NCT01690299)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

Percent Change From Baseline in the Affected Body Surface Area (BSA) for Comparison Between Apremilast and Placebo and Etanercept and Placebo at Week 16

"BSA is a measurement of involved skin. The overall BSA affected by psoriasis was estimated based on the palm area of the participant's hand (entire palmar surface or handprint including the fingers), which equates to approximately 1% of total body surface area. BSA percent change from baseline was determined at each visit of the study, and is calculated as 100*(post-baseline BSA - baseline BSA) / baseline BSA." (NCT01690299)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a 50% Improvement (Response) in the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI-50) for Comparison Between Apremilast and Placebo and Etanercept and Placebo at Week 16

PASI-50 response is the percentage of participants who achieved at least a 50% reduction (improvement) from baseline in PASI score at Week 16. The PASI score was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics (erythema, thickness, and scaling) and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the 4 anatomic regions is scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The PASI score was set to missing if any severity score or degree of involvement was missing. (NCT01690299)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a 75% Improvement (Response) in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) for the Comparison Between Etanercept 50mg SC QW and Placebo at Week 16

PASI-75 response is the percentage of participants who achieved at least a 75% reduction (improvement) from baseline in PASI score at Week 16. The improvement in PASI score was used as a measure of efficacy. The PASI was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics (erythema, thickness, and scaling) and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the 4 anatomic regions is scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The PASI score was set to missing if any severity score or degree of involvement was missing. (NCT01690299)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16

Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a 75% Improvement (Response) in the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI-75) for the Comparison Between Apremilast and Placebo at Week 16 From Baseline

PASI-75 response is the percentage of participants who achieved at least a 75% reduction (improvement) from baseline in PASI score at Week 16. The improvement in PASI score was used as a measure of efficacy. The PASI was a measure of psoriatic disease severity taking into account qualitative lesion characteristics (erythema, thickness, and scaling) and degree of skin surface area involvement on defined anatomical regions. PASI scores range from 0 to 72, with higher scores reflecting greater disease severity. Erythema, thickness, and scaling are scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe) on 4 anatomic regions of the body: head, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Degree of involvement on each of the 4 anatomic regions is scored on a scale of 0 (no involvement) to 6 (90% to 100% involvement). The PASI score was set to missing if any severity score or degree of involvement was missing. (NCT01690299)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Lattice System Physician's Global Assessment (LS-PGA) Score of Clear (0) or Almost Clear at Week 16 in Comparison Between Apremilast and Placebo and Etanercept and Placebo at Week 16

The Lattice System Physician's Global Assessment is a global assessment performed by the investigator of psoriasis severity. Integrating ranges of BSA involvement with assessments of overall plaque severity (using a 4 point scale from none to marked for the signs of plaque elevation, erythema and scale), the LS-PGA produces an overall assessment of psoriasis severity on an 8-point scale, ranging from clear to very severe. To determine the final score, the lattice portion is governed by the BSA and among the plaque qualities, weights plaque elevation as most important, erythema next, and scale least. (NCT01690299)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16

Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA) Score of Clear (0) or Almost Clear (1) With at Least 2 Points Reduction for Comparison Between Apremilast and Placebo and Etanercept and Placebo at Week 16

The sPGA is an assessment by the Investigator of the overall disease severity at the time of evaluation. The sPGA is a 5-point scale ranging from 0 (clear) to 4 (severe), incorporating an assessment of the severity of the three primary signs of the disease: erythema, scaling and plaque elevation. When making the assessment of overall severity, the Investigator should factor in areas that have already been cleared (ie, have scores of 0) and not just evaluate remaining lesions for severity, ie, the severity of each sign is averaged across all areas of involvement, including cleared lesions. In the event of different severities across disease signs, the sign that is the predominant feature of the disease should be used to help determine the sPGA score. (NCT01690299)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16

Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) During the Apremilast-exposure Period

A TEAE in the apremilast-exposure phase is an AE with a start date on or after the date of the first dose of study drug and no later than 28 days after the last dose of study drug. An AE is any noxious, unintended, or untoward medical occurrence that may appear or worsen during the study. It may be a new intercurrent illness, a worsening concomitant illness, an injury, or any concomitant impairment of the subject's health, including laboratory test values, regardless of etiology. Any worsening (ie, any clinically significant adverse change in the frequency or intensity of a preexisting condition) should be considered an AE. A serious AE (SAE) is any untoward AE that is fatal, life-threatening, results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity, requires or prolongs existing in-patient hospitalization, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or is a condition that may jeopardize or may require intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed above. (NCT01690299)
Timeframe: From the first dose of apremilast (either Week 0 for participants originally randomized to apremilast or Week 16 for those originally randomized to placebo or etanercept who were switched to apremilast at week 16) until 28 days after last apremilast dose

Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) During the Placebo-Controlled Phase

A TEAE is an AE with a start date on or after the date of the first dose of study drug and no later than 28 days after the last dose of study drug for participants who discontinued early. An AE is any noxious, unintended, or untoward medical occurrence that may appear or worsen during the study. It may be a new intercurrent illness, a worsening concomitant illness, an injury, or any concomitant impairment of the patient's health, including laboratory test values, regardless of etiology. Any worsening (ie, clinically significant adverse change in frequency or intensity of a preexisting condition) should be considered an AE. A serious AE (SAE) is any untoward AE that is fatal, life-threatening, results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity, requires or prolongs existing in-patient hospitalization, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or is a condition that may jeopardize or may require intervention to prevent one of the outcomes above. (NCT01690299)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16; mean duration of exposure was 14.90 weeks for placebo group, 15.13 weeks for apremilast group and 15.87 weeks for Etanercept group

Psoriasis Flare/Rebound

Psoriasis flare is an AE and represents an atypical or unusual worsening of disease during treatment. It is defined as a sudden intensification of psoriasis requiring medical intervention or a diagnosis of new generalized erythrodermic, inflammatory, or pustular psoriasis. Rebound is an AE and is defined as a severe and sudden worsening of disease that occurs after treatment has been discontinued. This exacerbation is characterized by a PASI ≥125% of baseline or a new generalized pustular, erythrodermic, or more inflammatory psoriasis after stopping therapy. (NCT01690299)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16; Placebo controlled phase

Psoriasis Flare/Rebound

Psoriasis flare is an AE and represents an atypical or unusual worsening of disease during treatment. It is defined as a sudden intensification of psoriasis requiring medical intervention or a diagnosis of new generalized erythrodermic, inflammatory, or pustular psoriasis. Rebound is an AE and is defined as a severe and sudden worsening of disease that occurs after treatment has been discontinued. This exacerbation is characterized by a PASI ≥125% of baseline or a new generalized pustular, erythrodermic, or more inflammatory psoriasis after stopping therapy. PASI ≥125% of baseline score at any visit after the last dose date for those who discontinued within the phase. (NCT01690299)
Timeframe: From the first dose of apremilast (either Week 0 or Week 16 for participants originally randomized to placebo or etanercept who were switched at Week 16) until 28 days after the last dose of apremilast.

Estimated 18-month Overall Survival Rate

Overall survival was measured from treatment initiation to death, censored at the date patients were last known to be alive for those who had not died. (NCT00378105)
Timeframe: Survival rate at 18 months

Estimated 18-month Progression Free Survival (PFS) Rate

"PD from European Bone Marrow Transplant (EBMT) Response Criteria Required one or more:~>25% increased in the level of serum monoclonal paraprotein, which must also be an absolute increase of at least 5 g/L and confirmed on a repeat investigation, or >25% increased in 24-hour urinary light chain excretion (must also be an absolute increase of at least 200 mg/24 h and confirmed on a repeat investigation), or >25% increased in plasma cells in a bone marrow aspirate or biopsy (must also be an absolute increase of at least 10%) Definite increase in the size of existing lytic bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas.~Development of new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas (not including compression fracture).~Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium >11.5 mg/dL or 2.8 mmol/L not attributable to any other cause).~PFS was measured from treatment initiation to progression or death, censored at the date patients were last known to be alive and disease free" (NCT00378105)
Timeframe: PFS rate at 18 months

Objective Response Rate of the Drug Combination in This Patient Populations.

Overall Response (OR) was defined as partial response (PR) or better. Response was assessed according to European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplant criteria, modified to include nCR and VGPR, from the International Uniform Response Criteria. (NCT00378105)
Timeframe: Full response assessment was conducted at the end of cycle 8 (average of168 days) and after cycle 4 (84 days) for patients proceeding to transplant.

Percentage of Patients Who Remained in Response for More Than 18 Months

Duration of response was measured from first response to progression or death, censored at the date patients were last known to be alive and disease free for patients who had not progressed or died. (NCT00378105)
Timeframe: Response rate at 18 months

Reviews

6 reviews available for thalidomide and Ache

Trials

11 trials available for thalidomide and Ache

Other Studies

23 other studies available for thalidomide and Ache