Compounds > 4-boronophenylalanine
Page last updated: 2024-11-06

4-boronophenylalanine

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Description

4-boronophenylalanine: neutron absorbing (10)B-cpd used in thermal neutron capturetherapy of malignant melanoma; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID150315
CHEMBL ID125582
SCHEMBL ID204496
MeSH IDM0104412

Synonyms (47)

Synonym
para-boronophenylalanine
para-borono-l-phenylalanine
l-phenylalanine, 4-borono-
10b-bpa
4-boronophenylalanine
76410-58-7
4-borono-l-phenylalanine
CHEMBL125582
l-para-boronophenylalanine
(2s)-2-amino-3-(4-boronophenyl)propanoic acid
A843586
A838693
(2s)-2-azanyl-3-[4-(dihydroxyboranyl)phenyl]propanoic acid
p-boronophenylalanine
jsm63lv5md ,
unii-jsm63lv5md
(s)-(4-boronic acid)-phenylalanine
l-4-boronophenylalanine
l-4-phenylalanineboronic acid
(s)-2-amino-3-(4-boronophenyl)propanoic acid
l-phe[b(oh)2]
4-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)benzeneboronic acid
(s)-4-borono-l-phenylalanine
(2s)-2-amino-3-[4-(dihydroxyboranyl)phenyl]propanoic acid
AKOS022172460
SCHEMBL204496
l-p-boronophenylalanine
borofalan
DTXSID70227242
NFIVJOSXJDORSP-QMMMGPOBSA-N
(s)-4-boronophenylalanine
(2s)-2-amino-3-[4-(dihydroxyboryl)phenyl]propanoic acid
4-(dihydroxyboryl)phenylalanine
AC-30249
J-514524
J-513654
4-borono-l-phenylalanine, >=95.0% (hplc)
DS-6558
7n8 ,
(s)-2-amino-3-(4-boronophenyl)propanoicacid
CS-0128618
Q27281677
l-4-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)benzeneboronic acid
W18622
4-dihydroxyboryl-l-phenylalanine
HY-W087830
PD063256

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In the acute toxicity test of 10B-BPA, LD50 values of acidic 10B-BPA for intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections were 640 mg/kg for male and 710 mg/kg for female rats, and more than 1,000 mg/kg for male and female rats, respectively."( Acute and subacute toxicity of 10B-paraboronophenylalanine.
Fujiwara, H; Kuno, T; Saito, N; Sakaue, M; Shuntoh, H; Tanaka, C; Taniyama, K, )		0.13
" In conclusion, a lack of toxic effects of L-(10)BPA was demonstrated, nevertheless accompanied by cellular stress phenomena (e."( Blood-brain barrier (BBB) toxicity and permeability assessment after L-(4-¹⁰Boronophenyl)alanine, a conventional B-containing drug for boron neutron capture therapy, using an in vitro BBB model.
Bernocchi, G; Coccini, T; Nion, S; Roda, E, 2014)		0.4

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The validity of this model was demonstrated by successfully predicting the average pharmacokinetic response for a cohort of patients who were administered BPA-F using an infusion schedule different from those used to derive the parameters of the model."( A pharmacokinetic model for the concentration of 10B in blood after boronophenylalanine-fructose administration in humans.
Busse, PM; Kiger, WS; Palmer, MR; Riley, KJ; Zamenhof, RG, 2001)		0.31
"This paper describes results to-date from a human pharmacokinetic study which began recruitment in December 2007."( A cancer research UK pharmacokinetic study of BPA-mannitol in patients with high grade glioma to optimise uptake parameters for clinical trials of BNCT.
Boddy, A; Braithwaite, R; Chester, M; Chopra, A; Croswell, G; Cruickshank, GS; Detta, A; Doran, J; Elliot, M; Ford, S; Ghani, Z; Graham, N; Green, S; Halbert, G; Hardie, J; James, ND; Lockyer, N; Ngoga, D; Sheehan, TM; Steinfeldt, H; Sugar, R; Vickerman, J; Wojnecki, C, 2009)		0.35
" Ten animals were scanned for approximately 3 h to estimate the uptake of (18)F radioactivity with respect to time for the pharmacokinetic analysis."( Pharmacokinetic analysis and uptake of 18F-FBPA-Fr after ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier disruption for potential enhancement of boron delivery for neutron capture therapy.
Chang, CW; Chang, WY; Chen, JC; Li, JJ; Wang, HE; Yang, FY, 2014)		0.4
" Furthermore, the K1/k2 pharmacokinetic ratio after intravenous injection of (18)F-FBPA-Fr with BBB-D was significantly higher than that after intravenous injection without BBB-D."( Pharmacokinetic analysis and uptake of 18F-FBPA-Fr after ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier disruption for potential enhancement of boron delivery for neutron capture therapy.
Chang, CW; Chang, WY; Chen, JC; Li, JJ; Wang, HE; Yang, FY, 2014)		0.4

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The bioavailability of BPA in rats was improved with oral administration of the BPA-alpha-CD, G1-alpha-CD, and G2-alpha-CD complexes."( Improved bioavailability of para-boronophenylalanine by cyclodextrin complexation.
Hatanaka, H; Komada, F; Mishima, Y; Okumura, K, 1993)		0.29

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Cell survival dose-response curves, for cells preincubated in the presence or absence of p-boronophenylalanine."( Neutron irradiation of human melanoma cells.
Allen, BJ; Brown, K; Ichihashi, M; Mishima, Y; Mountford, MH; Parsons, P, )		0.13
"5 micrograms/g) after oral dosing with BPA."( Response of rat skin to boron neutron capture therapy with p-boronophenylalanine or borocaptate sodium.
Coderre, JA; Hopewell, JW; Micca, PL; Morris, GM; Rezvani, M, 1994)		0.29
"This study was undertaken to develop an oral dosage form for para-boronophenylalanine (BPA) plus cyclodextrin (CD) for use in the thermal neutron capture therapy for malignant melanoma."( Improved bioavailability of para-boronophenylalanine by cyclodextrin complexation.
Hatanaka, H; Komada, F; Mishima, Y; Okumura, K, 1993)		0.29
" Substantial genotoxic potential of alpha and lithium particles generated inside or near the malignant cell by the BNC reaction was observed in a dose-response manner as measured by the frequency of micronucleated binucleated melanoma cells and by the number of micronuclei (MN) per binucleated cell."( Evaluation of the genotoxic effects of the boron neutron capture reaction in human melanoma cells using the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay.
Cassapo, R; Castro, M; Chaveca, T; Fernandes, AP; Gonçalves, IC; Oliveira, NG; Rodrigues, AS; Rueff, J; Toscano-Rico, JM, 2001)		0.31
" Improvement in drug delivery and the development of the best dosing paradigms for both boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH) are of major importance and these still have not been optimized."( Boron neutron capture therapy at the crossroads: challenges and opportunities.
Barth, RF, 2009)		0.35
" Initially, the l-DOPA dosing paradigm was evaluated."( Effects of l-DOPA pre-loading on the uptake of boronophenylalanine using the F98 glioma and B16 melanoma models.
Barth, RF; Chandra, S; Haider, SA; Huo, T; Kabalka, GW; Shaikh, AL; Yang, W, 2014)		0.4
" For the (10)B(n, α)(7)Li reaction, linear dose-response relations for dicentrics with coefficients α = 0."( The effectiveness of the high-LET radiations from the boron neutron capture [10B(n,α) 7Li] reaction determined for induction of chromosome aberrations and apoptosis in lymphocytes of human blood samples.
Canella, L; Kudejova, P; Röhrmoser, A; Schmid, E; Schmid, TE; Wagner, FM, 2015)		0.42
" The combined dosimetric and radiobiological model includes an analytical formulation that accounts for the type of neutron source, the tissue- or cancer-specific dose-response characteristics, and the microdistribution of boron."( Mechanistic Modeling of the Relative Biological Effectiveness of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
Jevremovic, T; Moffitt, G; Stewart, RD; Streitmatter, SW, 2020)		0.56
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (36)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1419121Drug uptake in human A549 cells at 30 uM after 7 to 24 hrs under hypoxic condition by ICP-MS analysis2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 26, Issue:22
Design and synthesis of boron containing monosaccharides by the hydroboration of d-glucal for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
AID1865527Ratio of boron concentration in tumor to blood of Wistar rat assessed as boron concentration at 300 mg/kg, ip measured after 6 hrs by quantitative neutron capture radiography analysis
AID1865521Ratio of boron concentration in brain to blood of Wistar rat assessed as boron concentration at 300 mg/kg, ip measured after 6 hrs by quantitative neutron capture radiography analysis
AID1548556Cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3 cells assessed as cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by WST-1 assay (Rvb = 57 %)2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-09, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Boron Accumulation in Brain Tumor Cells through Boc-Protected Tryptophan as a Carrier for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
AID1865520Biodistribution in brain gray matter of Wistar rat assessed as boron concentration at 1200 mg/kg, ip measured after 6 hrs by quantitative neutron capture radiography analysis
AID1548565Cytotoxicity against human LN229 cells assessed as cell viability at 50 uM incubated for 1 hr followed by neutron irradiation for 3 mins by WST-1 assay2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-09, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Boron Accumulation in Brain Tumor Cells through Boc-Protected Tryptophan as a Carrier for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
AID1548554Cytotoxicity against human U87MG cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM incubated for 24 hrs by WST-1 assay (Rvb = 97 %)2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-09, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Boron Accumulation in Brain Tumor Cells through Boc-Protected Tryptophan as a Carrier for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
AID1419116Drug uptake in human A549 cells at 30 uM after 7 to 24 hrs under normoxic condition by ICP-MS analysis2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 26, Issue:22
Design and synthesis of boron containing monosaccharides by the hydroboration of d-glucal for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
AID1866472Cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.01 to 3 mM measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay relative to control2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 04-01, Volume: 59Synthesis, equilibrium, and biological study of a C-7 glucose boronic acid derivative as a potential candidate for boron neutron capture therapy.
AID1419125Substrate activity at GLUT1 in human HeLaS3 cells assessed as cellular uptake at 30 uM after 7 hrs in presence of GLUT1 inhibitor WZB-117 under hypoxic condition by ICP-MS analysis2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 26, Issue:22
Design and synthesis of boron containing monosaccharides by the hydroboration of d-glucal for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
AID1865519Biodistribution in brain gray matter of Wistar rat assessed as boron concentration at 600 mg/kg, ip measured after 6 hrs by quantitative neutron capture radiography analysis
AID1865529Ratio of boron concentration in tumor to blood of Wistar rat assessed as boron concentration at 1200 mg/kg, ip measured after 6 hrs by quantitative neutron capture radiography analysis
AID1419124Substrate activity at GLUT1 in human HeLaS3 cells assessed as cellular uptake at 30 uM after 7 hrs in presence of GLUT1 inhibitor WZB-117 under normoxic condition by ICP-MS analysis2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 26, Issue:22
Design and synthesis of boron containing monosaccharides by the hydroboration of d-glucal for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
AID1865523Ratio of boron concentration in brain to blood of Wistar rat assessed as boron concentration at 1200 mg/kg, ip measured after 6 hrs by quantitative neutron capture radiography analysis
AID1419114Cytotoxicity against human HeLaS3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability up to 1600 uM after 16 hrs by MTT assay2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 26, Issue:22
Design and synthesis of boron containing monosaccharides by the hydroboration of d-glucal for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
AID1865518Biodistribution in brain gray matter of Wistar rat assessed as boron concentration at 300 mg/kg, ip measured after 6 hrs by quantitative neutron capture radiography analysis
AID1865524Biodistribution in tumor of Wistar rat assessed as boron concentration at 300 mg/kg, ip measured after 6 hrs by quantitative neutron capture radiography analysis
AID1548555Cytotoxicity against human LN229 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM incubated for 24 hrs by WST-1 assay (Rvb = 91 %)2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-09, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Boron Accumulation in Brain Tumor Cells through Boc-Protected Tryptophan as a Carrier for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
AID1419120Drug uptake in human HeLaS3 cells at 30 uM after 7 to 24 hrs under hypoxic condition by ICP-MS analysis2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 26, Issue:22
Design and synthesis of boron containing monosaccharides by the hydroboration of d-glucal for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
AID1865522Ratio of boron concentration in brain to blood of Wistar rat assessed as boron concentration at 600 mg/kg, ip measured after 6 hrs by quantitative neutron capture radiography analysis
AID1419123Substrate activity at GLUT1 in human HeLaS3 cells assessed as cellular uptake at 30 uM after 7 hrs in presence of 100 mM D-glucose under hypoxic condition by ICP-MS analysis2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 26, Issue:22
Design and synthesis of boron containing monosaccharides by the hydroboration of d-glucal for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
AID1419117Drug uptake in human HeLaS3 cells at 30 uM after 7 to 24 hrs under normoxic condition by ICP-MS analysis2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 26, Issue:22
Design and synthesis of boron containing monosaccharides by the hydroboration of d-glucal for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
AID68925Actual boron concentration in media was determined by using direct current plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (DCP-AES) after 48 hr incubation1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 40, Issue:24
Boron-containing polyamines as DNA targeting agents for neutron capture therapy of brain tumors: synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1865468Effective permeability of the compound in pH 7.4 at 25 uM incubated for 4 hrs by PAMPA-BBB assay
AID1865528Ratio of boron concentration in tumor to blood of Wistar rat assessed as boron concentration at 600 mg/kg, ip measured after 6 hrs by quantitative neutron capture radiography analysis
AID1865525Biodistribution in tumor of Wistar rat assessed as boron concentration at 600 mg/kg, ip measured after 6 hrs by quantitative neutron capture radiography analysis
AID1419122Substrate activity at GLUT1 in human HeLaS3 cells assessed as cellular uptake at 30 uM after 7 hrs in presence of 100 mM D-glucose under normoxic condition by ICP-MS analysis2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 26, Issue:22
Design and synthesis of boron containing monosaccharides by the hydroboration of d-glucal for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
AID1548563Ratio of drug uptake in human LN229 cells to drug uptake in mouse 3T3 cells measured at 1 hr2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-09, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Boron Accumulation in Brain Tumor Cells through Boc-Protected Tryptophan as a Carrier for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
AID1548567Effect on LAT-1 expression in human LN229 cells at 50 uM incubated for 2 hrs by Western blot analysis2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-09, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Boron Accumulation in Brain Tumor Cells through Boc-Protected Tryptophan as a Carrier for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
AID1419112Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability up to 1600 uM after 16 hrs by MTT assay2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 26, Issue:22
Design and synthesis of boron containing monosaccharides by the hydroboration of d-glucal for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
AID1548566Effect on LAT-1 expression in human U87MG cells at 50 uM incubated for 2 hrs by Western blot analysis2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-09, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Boron Accumulation in Brain Tumor Cells through Boc-Protected Tryptophan as a Carrier for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
AID1548561Drug uptake in human LN229 cells at 50 uM incubated for 1 hr by ICP-MS analysis2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-09, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Boron Accumulation in Brain Tumor Cells through Boc-Protected Tryptophan as a Carrier for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
AID1865526Biodistribution in tumor of Wistar rat assessed as boron concentration at 1200 mg/kg, ip measured after 6 hrs by quantitative neutron capture radiography analysis
AID1548568Downregulation of LAT-1 expression in mouse 3T3 cells at 50 uM incubated for 2 hrs by Western blot analysis2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-09, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Boron Accumulation in Brain Tumor Cells through Boc-Protected Tryptophan as a Carrier for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
AID68929In vitro uptake of compound by F98 glioma cells was determined by measuring cellular boron content using direct current plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (DCP-AES) after 48 hr incubation1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 40, Issue:24
Boron-containing polyamines as DNA targeting agents for neutron capture therapy of brain tumors: synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID1548564Cytotoxicity against human U87MG cells assessed as cell viability at 50 uM incubated for 1 hr followed by neutron irradiation for 3 mins by WST-1 assay2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-09, Volume: 11, Issue:4
Boron Accumulation in Brain Tumor Cells through Boc-Protected Tryptophan as a Carrier for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (210)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19904 (1.90)18.7374
1990's67 (31.90)18.2507
2000's75 (35.71)29.6817
2010's50 (23.81)24.3611
2020's14 (6.67)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials12 (5.24%)5.53%
Reviews9 (3.93%)6.00%
Case Studies7 (3.06%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other201 (87.77%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		2.0810fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		2.4120pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
spermidine
[no description available]		1.9910polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
spermine
[no description available]		1.9910polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
kojic acid
[no description available]		3.08104-pyranones;
enol;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
skin lightening agent
n(1), n(12)-diethylspermine
N(1), N(12)-diethylspermine: structure in first source. N(1),N(12)-diethylspermine : A substituted spermine that is spermine in which a hydrogen attached to each of the primary amino groups has been replaced by an ethyl group.		1.9910polyazaalkane;
secondary amino compound;
substituted spermine;
tetramine		antineoplastic agent
o-phthalaldehyde
o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.		210benzaldehydes;
dialdehyde		epitope
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		2.0710phthalimides;
piperidones
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		2.610glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
thymidine
[no description available]		2.420pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		2.7130ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
uridine
[no description available]		1.9810uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		2.9140pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		2.7830amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		2.2110ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		3.3260amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		2.0810aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		15.2320412amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mannitol
[no description available]		4.4951mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
boranes
Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.		1.9810boranes;
mononuclear parent hydride
boric acid
[no description available]		2.6930boric acidsastringent
cyanoacetic acid
cyanoacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanoacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acetic acid bearing a cyano substituent.		2.0310monocarboxylic acid
hematoxylin
Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.		2.4110organic heterotetracyclic compound;
oxacycle;
polyphenol;
tertiary alcohol		histological dye;
plant metabolite
eosine yellowish-(ys)
Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.		2.4110organic sodium salt;
organobromine compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		2.4820metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		210cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		2.4220f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		2.0110diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
deuterium oxide
Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.		2.0810deuterated compound;
water		NMR solvent
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.0310benzenes;
phenyl acetates
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		2.0510pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
methionine methyl ester
[no description available]		2.0810
4-nitrophenylalanine
4-nitrophenylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510C-nitro compound
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		2.25102-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
beta-(4-fluorobenzoyl)propionic acid
beta-(4-fluorobenzoyl)propionic acid: structure given in first source		2.1310aromatic ketone
dopachrome
dopachrome: cyclization product of L-DOPA		2.420orthoquinones
peroxynitrous acid
Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).		2.6320nitrogen oxoacid
bortezomib
[no description available]		2.1110amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
bradykinin
[no description available]		2.6930oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		2.2110aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		6.04101cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		2.4120alkali metal atom
4-azidophenylalanine
4-azidophenylalanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 4-azido-L-phenylalanine : A 4-azidophenylalanine that has L-configuration. It is used as a bioorthogonal click-chemistry reagent.. 4-azidophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine substituted by an azido group at position 4.		2.0510
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		2.6930cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
boron
Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.		9.57543boron group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
germanium
Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.		2.0810carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
boron-10 atom
boron-10 atom : A stable isotope of boron with relative atomic mass 10.0129370, 19.9 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3+.		3.7620boron atom
gadolinium dtpa
Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)		2.7230gadolinium coordination entityMRI contrast agent
rmp 7
RMP 7: a synthetic bradykinin analog; selectively increases uptake of molecular tracers in RG2 glial tumors		2.6930
4-benzoylphenylalanine
4-benzoylphenylalanine: structure in first source; do not confuse with N-benzoylphenylalanine		2.0510
4-borono-2-fluorophenylalanine
4-borono-2-fluorophenylalanine: used as a target cpd for boron neutron capture therapy; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer 18F-labeled cpd; RN for unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation not avail 3/92		3.5280
dodecaborate
dodecaborate: RN given for disodium salt; structure in first source		4.3411
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		09.41505
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		06.91261
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		09.41505
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		06.91261
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		01.9910
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary
[description not available]		03.2310
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		08.78313
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		07.16133
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		08.78313
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		07.16133
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.4110
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		02.4110
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		02.4110
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		02.4110
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		04.88130
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		08.35151
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		08.35151
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		08.03244
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		08.03244
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.2110
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		02.2110
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		02.2110
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		02.2110
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		06.5161
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		06.5161
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		07.69142
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		04.06140
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		07.69142
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		04.06140
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		02.110
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		02.110
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.7130
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.7130
Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue
[description not available]		02.7730
Cancer of Muscle
[description not available]		02.110
Sarcoma, Clear Cell
A sarcoma of young adults occurring in the lower extremities and acral regions. It is found intimately bound to tendons as a circumscribed but unencapsulated melanin-bearing tumor of neuroectodermal origin. Clear cell sarcoma is associated with a specific t(12;22)(q13;q12) translocation.		02.7730
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.9540
Melanoma, Amelanotic
An unpigmented malignant melanoma. It is an anaplastic melanoma consisting of cells derived from melanoblasts but not forming melanin. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		03.1250
Metastase
[description not available]		02.1110
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		02.1110
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		02.1110
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.730
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		07.2383
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		07.2383
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		06.4333
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		06.9662
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		06.4333
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		06.4333
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		06.9662
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		06.4333
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0510
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.0510
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		02.7430
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		02.9540
Cancer, Second Primary
[description not available]		02.0510
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		02.9540
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		04.98150
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		02.4520
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		02.0510
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.4220
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		02.0510
Spinal Cord Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.		02.4220
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		02.0510
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.9540
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		02.0510
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		02.0510
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.9540
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		02.0510
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		02.0510
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		02.7130
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.4520
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		02.7130
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4520
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		02.0510
Ache
[description not available]		02.0510
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		02.0510
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		02.0510
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		02.4420
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei
[description not available]		02.0610
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		02.4420
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		02.4220
Mucositis
An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).		02.0610
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.0110
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.0110
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid
A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, and are readily cured by excision. The high-grade behave aggressively, widely infiltrate the salivary gland and produce lymph node and distant metastases. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas account for about 21% of the malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 10% of the sublingual gland. They are the most common malignant tumor of the parotid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240)		02.0310
Submandibular Gland Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND.		02.0310
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.4120
Myelopathy
[description not available]		01.9810
Spinal Cord Diseases
Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.		01.9810
Cancer of Eye
[description not available]		02.6730
Glioblastoma with Sarcomatous Component
[description not available]		02.6930
Gliosarcoma
Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8)		02.6930
Dermatoses
[description not available]		01.9810
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		01.9810
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		02.420
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		01.9910
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9910
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		01.9910
Palsy
[description not available]		01.9910
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		01.9910
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		0210
Chloasma
[description not available]		0210
Melanosis
Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.		0210
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		0210
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		0210
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		0210
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		0210
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.6730
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		0210
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		0210
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.0110
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.0110
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians
[description not available]		02.8910