Target type: molecularfunction
Binding to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH. [GOC:ai]
NAD binding is a crucial molecular function in numerous cellular processes, playing a vital role in redox reactions, energy metabolism, and signal transduction. NAD, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is a ubiquitous coenzyme present in all living organisms, serving as an electron carrier and a key component in metabolic pathways. The NAD binding domain is typically found on the surface of enzymes involved in these processes, and the interaction between NAD and the protein is highly specific and critical for enzyme activity.
The primary role of NAD in redox reactions is to facilitate the transfer of electrons between molecules. This process involves the reversible oxidation and reduction of the nicotinamide ring within NAD, allowing it to accept or donate electrons. NAD is reduced to NADH when it gains electrons, and oxidized to NAD+ when it loses electrons. This redox cycle is fundamental in numerous metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, which are all essential for energy production.
In addition to its role in redox reactions, NAD also participates in signal transduction pathways. For example, NAD+ can be hydrolyzed to produce cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), which acts as a second messenger molecule. cADPR regulates the activity of calcium channels and other intracellular signaling pathways, contributing to the regulation of cellular processes such as muscle contraction and neurotransmission.
The binding of NAD to proteins can be influenced by various factors, including the conformation of the NAD binding site, the presence of other cofactors or substrates, and the concentration of NAD in the cellular environment. These factors can modulate the affinity of NAD for its binding site, affecting enzyme activity and overall metabolic flux.
In summary, NAD binding is an essential molecular function with diverse roles in cellular processes. The interaction between NAD and proteins is highly specific and critical for enzyme activity, contributing to redox reactions, energy metabolism, and signal transduction.'
"
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial | An NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of cow. [OMA:P25708, PRO:DNx] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 | A poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 that is encoded in the genome of cow. [OMA:P18493, PRO:DNx] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| NADP-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial | An NADP-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16798] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| C-terminal-binding protein 1 | A C-terminal-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13363] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Aldehyde oxidase | An aldehyde oxidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q06278] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sorbitol dehydrogenase | A sorbitol dehydrogenase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q00796] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 | An 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P80365] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| C-terminal-binding protein 2 | A C-terminal-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P56545] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial | An NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial | An isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial | An aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P30837] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] | A 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P15428] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 | A poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P09874] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4 | An all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P08319] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain | An L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P07195] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial | An aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P05091] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase | A glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P04406] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3 | An NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00387] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinal dehydrogenase 1 | An aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00352] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic | An isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial | An NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase | A D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O43175] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3-phenylpropionic acid | 3-phenylpropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 3 by a phenyl group. 3-phenylpropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid | antifungal agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| quinacrine | quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2. | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
| coumarin | 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative | coumarins | fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-aminophenol | 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group. 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd | aminophenol | allergen; metabolite |
| 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid | 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid derived from L-methionine via the action of methionine transaminase. | omega-(methylthio)-2-oxocarboxylic acid | |
| niacinamide | nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
| oxamic acid | oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia. Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative. | dicarboxylic acid monoamide | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| phenylpyruvic acid | keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid. phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | chromogenic compound; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| pyridoxal | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite | |
| pyruvic acid | pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed) | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | cofactor; fundamental metabolite |
| succinic acid | succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851) | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| tetramethylene sulfoxide | tetrahydrothiophenes | ||
| 1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline | 1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline: structure in first source isoquinoline-1,5-diol : An isoquinolinol that is isoquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by hydroxy groups. | isoquinolinol | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| 3-aminobenzamide | benzamides; substituted aniline | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor | |
| 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide | 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN; | benzoisoquinoline; dicarboximide | |
| phenanthridone | phenanthridone : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is phenanthridine with an oxo substituent at position 6. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, it has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity. phenanthridone: coal tar derivative; structure given in first source | lactam; phenanthridines | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mutagen |
| 5-aminoisoquinolinone | 5-aminoisoquinolinone: structure in first source | isoquinolines | |
| amsacrine | amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity. Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent. | acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| benzamide | benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides. | benzamides | |
| benzamidine | benzamidine : A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group. benzamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd | benzenes; carboxamidine | serine protease inhibitor |
| chlorpromazine | chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup. | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| ciclopirox | cyclic hydroxamic acid; hydroxypyridone antifungal drug; pyridone | antibacterial agent; antiseborrheic | |
| ciglitazone | ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist. ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes | aromatic ether; thiazolidinone | antineoplastic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug |
| cimetidine | cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output. | aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile | adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| clofazimine | clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients. Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619) | monochlorobenzenes; phenazines | dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| disulfiram | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor | |
| gentian violet | crystal violet cation : An iminium ion that is malachite green cation in which the hydrogen at the para- psition of the monosubstituted phenyl group is replaced by a dimethylamino group. | iminium ion | antibacterial agent; antifungal agent |
| gossypol | Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer. | ||
| 2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexahydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl-6,6'-dimethanol dimethyl ether | 2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexahydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl-6,6'-dimethanol dimethyl ether: potent inhibitor of protein kinase C; structure given in first source | tannin | |
| staurosporine aglycone | staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor | ||
| vitamin k 3 | Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium | 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium : An organic cation that is phenothiazin-5-ium substituted by dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 7. The chloride salt is the histological dye 'methylene blue'. | organic cation | |
| nifedipine | Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| oxidopamine | oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease). Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals. | benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound | drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin |
| pentamidine | pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects. | aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic |
| perphenazine | perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| pj-34 | PJ34 : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine substituted at positions 2 and 6 by (N,N-dimethylglycyl)amino and oxo groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 110 nM and 86 nM, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties. | phenanthridines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antiatherosclerotic agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| proadifen | Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity. | diarylmethane | |
| raloxifene | raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. | 1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| imatinib | aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| thioridazine | thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position. Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA. | phenothiazines; piperidines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| thiram | thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment. Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations. | organic disulfide | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
| guanidine hydrochloride | one-carbon compound; organic chloride salt | protein denaturant | |
| nad | NAD | geroprotector | |
| cystamine dihydrochloride | |||
| ethinyl estradiol | 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration. Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES. | 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
| p-dimethylaminoazobenzene | p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed) | azobenzenes | |
| disperse red 9 | |||
| rotenone | Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones | antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin |
| 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid | 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid : A naphthoic acid with the carboxy group at position 2 and carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by the biodegradation of phenanthrene by microorganisms. 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; naphthoic acid; naphthols | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; fungal xenobiotic metabolite |
| uvitex swn | Uvitex SWN: optical brightner from Ciba; structure | 7-aminocoumarins | fluorochrome |
| bis(1-piperidylthiocarbonyl)disulfide | bis(1-piperidylthiocarbonyl)disulfide: indicator for analysis of copper; structure | ||
| 1-phenyl-2-propanone | 1-phenyl-2-propanone: analog of propiophenone where carbonyl group is on the 2 carbon atom instead of the 1 carbon atom of the side chain phenylacetone : A propanone that is propan-2-one substituted by a phenyl group at position 1. | methyl ketone; propanones | |
| 1-hydroxyphthalazine | 1-hydroxyphthalazine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locants; do not confuse with cpd phthalazinol RN: 56611-65-5 | phthalazines | |
| chlorthenoxazin | chlorthenoxazin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | benzoxazine | |
| diiodotyrosine | 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine : A diiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying iodo-substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group. It is an intermediate in the thyroid hormone synthesis. diiodotyrosine : A dihalogenated L-tyrosine which has two iodo-substituents on the benzyl moiety. Diiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). | diiodotyrosine; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| glycyrrhetinic acid | cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | immunomodulator; plant metabolite | |
| osthol | osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source | botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins | metabolite |
| isocarbostyril | isoquinolinone : An isoquinoline containing one or more oxo groups. | isoquinolines | |
| oxanilic acid | oxanilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | ||
| flavone | flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source | flavones | metabolite; nematicide |
| herniarin | herniarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7. herniarin: methoxy analog of umbelliferone; structure | coumarins | fluorochrome |
| isovaleramide | isovaleramide: inhibits liver alcohol dehydrogenases | ||
| phenylglyoxylic acid | phenylglyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is glyoxylic acid in which the aldehyde hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. phenylglyoxylic acid: styrene metabolite | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| 2-benzylmalonate | |||
| isovanillin | isovanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is 4-methoxybenzaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase. isovanillin: inhibits aldehyde oxidase | benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols | animal metabolite; antidiarrhoeal drug; antifungal agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| n-cyclohexylformamide | alicyclic compound; formamides | mouse metabolite | |
| 3-hydroxy-1-benzopyran-2-one | 3-hydroxycoumarin: Photoprotective from sea urchin gametes and embryonic cells; structure in first source hydroxycoumarin : Any coumarin carrying at least one hydroxy substituent. | hydroxycoumarin | |
| nicotinamide mononucleotide | Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN. | nicotinamide mononucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| carmine | Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker. | ||
| glycyrrhizic acid | glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. | enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin | EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| 2-methyladenine | methyladenine : Any member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine bearing a single methyl substituent. | ||
| win 18446 | WIN 18446 : A carboxamide that is 1,8-diaminooctane in which a hydrogen attached to each of the amino groups has been replaced by a dichloroacetyl group. Inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2 (ALDH1a2). Inhibits the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinol in neonatal and adult murine testis. It down-regulates sex related genes in zebrafish. | organochlorine compound; secondary carboxamide | EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor |
| 7-hydroxychlorpromazine | 7-hydroxychlorpromazine: RN given refers to parent cpd | phenothiazines | |
| isopentenyladenosine | Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group. | N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent; plant growth regulator; plant metabolite |
| diacerein | diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase; | anthraquinone | |
| 2,3,4-trichlorophenol | 2,3,4-trichlorophenol: structure in first source | ||
| benzonidazole | benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease. benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide | antiprotozoal drug |
| N-(3-methyl-1,1-dioxo-1,4-thiazinan-4-yl)-1-(5-nitro-2-furanyl)methanimine | C-nitro compound; furans | ||
| 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine | T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor | ||
| staurosporine | indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound | apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector | |
| adenosine | quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| sudan black b | Sudan black B : A member of the class of perimidines that is 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine carrying a [4-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalen-1-yl]diazenyl substituent at position 6. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections and for staining of protein bound lipids in paraffin sections. | azobenzenes; bis(azo) compound; perimidines | histological dye |
| 2,4(1h,3h)-quinazolinedione | 2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione: structure given in first source | ||
| 4-hydroxybenzamide | |||
| xanthyletine | xanthyletine: structure | coumarins | |
| metrifudil | |||
| naphthalimides | Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS. | ||
| 4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde | 4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying a diethylamino substituent at position 4. | aromatic amine; benzaldehydes; tertiary amino compound | EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor |
| dabi | DABI: structure | ||
| seselin | seselin: structure in first source | coumarins | metabolite |
| bithionol sulfoxide | bithionol sulfoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | ||
| isoscopoletin | isoscopoletin : A hydroxycoumarin that is esculetin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is the major primary metabolite of scoparone. | aromatic ether; hydroxycoumarin | plant metabolite |
| 4-fluorobenzamide | 4-fluorobenzamide: structure in first source | ||
| magnolol | biphenyls | ||
| 5-iodo-6-amino-1,2-benzopyrone | |||
| alantolactone | alantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one bearing two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 8a as well as a methylidene substituent at position 3. alantolactone: allergenic sesquiterpene lactone; crystalline mixture of alantolactones from group of sesquiterpenes; structure | naphthofuran; olefinic compound; sesquiterpene lactone | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
| 4-aminobenzamide | benzamides | ||
| 4-Methoxybenzamide | benzamides | ||
| n-benzylformamide | formamides | ||
| 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate | 4-methylumbelliferyl butyate : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-methylumbelliferone in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a butyryl group. 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate: substrate from butyrate esterase | butyrate ester; coumarins | chromogenic compound |
| fluazinam | fluazinam : A member of the class of aminopyridines that is 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-chloro-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A fungicide used to control grey mould, downy mildew and other fungal pathogens. fluazinam: structure given in first source | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aminopyridine; C-nitro compound; chloropyridine; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | allergen; antifungal agrochemical; apoptosis inducer; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| n(6)-benzyladenosine | N(6)-benzyladenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| 11-hydroxyprogesterone, (11alpha)-isomer | 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 11alpha-hydroxy steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11. | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | |
| acetylglycyrrhetinic acid | acetylglycyrrhetinic acid: RN given refers to (3beta,20beta)-isomer | triterpenoid | |
| bnps-skatole | BNPS-skatole : A bromoindole that is 3H-indole in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by an (o-nitrophenyl)sulfanyl group and in which the hydrogens at position 3 have been replaced by a bromine and a methyl group. It is used particularly for the selective cleavage of tryptophanyl peptide bonds (cleavage occurs at peptide bonds after amino acids with available C(gamma)=C(delta) double bonds such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and histidine). | aryl sulfide; bromoindole; C-nitro compound | reagent |
| 3-methoxybenzamide | |||
| 6-hydroxydopa | 6-hydroxydopa: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| daidzin | daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic). daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase | 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative | plant metabolite |
| 3-oxoglycyrrhetinic acid | pentacyclic triterpenoid | ||
| gossylic nitrile-1,1'-diacetate | gossylic nitrile-1,1'-diacetate: inhibits human immunodeficiency virus Type I replication; structure given in first source | ||
| c 1303 | C 1303: DNa-binding drug; structure given indicates that the cpd should be the dimethylamino cpd, but it is named as the diethylamino cpd | ||
| desacetyluvaricin | desacetyluvaricin: isolated from Uvaria accuminata; structure given in first source | ||
| cp-166,572 | |||
| 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone | 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone: inhibitors of arachidonic acid peroxidation | ||
| 3,4-dihydro-5-methyl-1(2h)-isoquinolinone | 3,4-dihydro-5-methyl-1(2H)-isoquinolinone: structure given in first source | isoquinolines | |
| bdp 12 | 1-(quinoxalin-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: modulates AMPA receptor desensitization ; an analog of 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl)piperidine | N-acylpiperidine | |
| 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: structure given in first source | ||
| cyclo(alanylalanyl) | |||
| 6,11-dioxo-12-naphtho[2,3-b]indolizinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester | naphthalenes | ||
| squamocin | squamocin: from seeds of Annona squamosa; a trihydroxy-bis-tetrahydrofuran fatty acid lactone; inhibits E. coli NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (NDH-1); structure given in first source | polyketide | |
| ononin | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative | plant metabolite | |
| fumaric acid | fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters | butenedioic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| diethylstilbestrol | diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed) | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
| 2-methyladenosine | 2-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine in which the methyl group is located at position 2 on the adenine ring. | methyladenosine | |
| pirarubicin hydrochloride | anthracycline | ||
| carbenoxolone | |||
| propylthiouracil | 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group. Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534) | pyrimidinethione | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist |
| n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine | |||
| 7-butyl-8-[[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione | piperazines | ||
| L-histidine 2-naphthylamide | L-histidine 2-naphthylamide : An L-histidine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-histidine with the amino group of 2-naphthylamine. | amino acid amide; L-histidine derivative; N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide | chromogenic compound |
| 2-(4-hydroxyanilino)-1,4-naphthoquinone | 2-(4-hydroxyanilino)-1,4-naphthoquinone: structure in first source | ||
| 2-oxo-N-(2-thiazolyl)-1H-pyridine-3-carboxamide | pyridinecarboxamide | ||
| n-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide | N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide: Cardioprotective Agent; a small-molecule activator of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 that reduces ischemic damage to the heart | carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound | |
| N-(3-carbamoyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide | primary carboxamide; pyrazines; secondary carboxamide | ||
| 8-[(2-methyl-5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio]quinoline | aryl sulfide | ||
| LSM-31933 | pyridopyrimidine | ||
| 4-chloro-2-[[(1-methyl-5-phenyl-2-imidazolyl)amino]methyl]phenol | imidazoles | ||
| 4-(4-anilinoanilino)-2-quinazolinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester | quinazolines | ||
| (4-chlorophenyl)-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4,6-dinitro-3-benzofuranyl)methanone | aromatic ketone | ||
| zuclomiphene | Zuclomiphene: The cis or (Z)-isomer of clomiphene. | stilbenoid | |
| epalrestat | epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy. | monocarboxylic acid; thiazolidines | EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor |
| aurapten | aurapten: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source auraptene : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a geranyl group. Ii is isolated from several edible fruits and vegetables and exhibits a variety of therapeutic properties. | coumarins; monoterpenoid | antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; dopaminergic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; gamma-secretase modulator; gastrointestinal drug; hepatoprotective agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; PPARalpha agonist; vulnerary |
| 2-[[2-[[4-hydroxy-6-oxo-5-(phenylmethyl)-1H-pyrimidin-2-yl]thio]-1-oxoethyl]amino]-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid ethyl ester | aromatic carboxylic acid; thiazoles | ||
| 3-(2,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrrolyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepine | pyrroles | ||
| N-(3-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine | pyrazolopyrimidine | ||
| N2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-3-pyrazolyl]benzene-1,2-diamine | pyrazoles; ring assembly | ||
| (4-chlorophenyl)-[6,7-dichloro-4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-benzofuranyl]methanone | aromatic ketone | ||
| N-[4-[[[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxanyl]methylamino]-oxomethyl]phenyl]-2-furancarboxamide | aromatic amide; furans | ||
| l 783281 | L 783281: structure in first source | ||
| ha 1100 | HA 1100: intracellular calcium antagonist | ||
| N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(5-methyl-2-furanyl)-3-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinamine | benzodioxoles | ||
| [1-(3-methylphenyl)-5-benzimidazolyl]-(1-piperidinyl)methanone | benzimidazoles | ||
| benzoic acid [4-(6-amino-5-cyano-3-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl] ester | benzoate ester; pyranopyrazole | ||
| sw033291 | SW033291: inhibits 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) | ||
| [1-[2-(2-methylphenoxy)ethyl]-3-indolyl]-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methanethione | indoles | ||
| 3-(1-adamantyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5h-(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3-a)azepine | |||
| N-[4-methyl-3-(1-piperidinylsulfonyl)phenyl]-4-oxo-1-benzopyran-2-carboxamide | aromatic amide | ||
| 5-[(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-thiophen-2-ylmethyl]-6-thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazolol | piperazines | ||
| 4-(5-methyl-1,3-dioxo-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroisoindol-2-yl)benzoic acid 8-quinolinyl ester | amidobenzoic acid | ||
| quercetin | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger | |
| apigenin | Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia. | trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| luteolin | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist | |
| scopoletin | hydroxycoumarin | plant growth regulator; plant metabolite | |
| hymecromone | Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID. | hydroxycoumarin | antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor |
| harmine | harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7. Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's. | harmala alkaloid | anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| genistein | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| esculetin | esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light. esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure | hydroxycoumarin | antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter |
| 7-hydroxycoumarin | 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7. | hydroxycoumarin | fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite |
| amentoflavone | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite | |
| mangostin | alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities. mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit | aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| morin | morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5. morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria) | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| daidzein | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite | |
| prunetin | prunetin : A hydroxyisoflavone that is genistein in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. prunetin: reduces herpes virus-1 plaque formation | 7-methoxyisoflavones; hydroxyisoflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; metabolite |
| 4'-hydroxychalcone | 4'-hydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4'. 4'-hydroxychalcone: inhibits TNFalpha-induced NF-κB activation; structure in first source | chalcones; phenols | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent |
| licochalcone a | licochalcone A: has both anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities; structure given in first source; isolated from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata; RN given refers to (E)-isomer | chalcones | |
| 4-methylesculetin | 4-methylesculetin: has antiinflammatory activity 6,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-methylcuomarin which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. A hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor. It has also been used as a fluorescent sensor to monitor the consumption of a boronic acid in Suzuki coupling reactions; fluorescence is readily detectable by the naked eye using a standard 365 nm UV lamp. | hydroxycoumarin | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor |
| 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone | 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone: from the Sudanese medicinal plant Albizia zygia; structure in first source | flavones | |
| 7-hydroxycoumarin-4-acetic acid | 7-hydroxycoumarin-4-acetic acid: pH-indicator dye; structure in first source | ||
| gamma-mangostin | gamma-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antitumour activity. | phenols; xanthones | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor |
| beta-Mangostin | xanthones | ||
| piericidin a | piericidin A : A member of the class of monohydroxypyridines that acts as an irreversible mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor that strongly associates with ubiquinone binding sites in both mitochondrial and bacterial forms of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase piericidin A: pyridine-substituted fatty alcohol antibiotic; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search ANTIBIOTICS (75-85); RN given refers to (S-(R*,R*-(all-E)))-isomer | aromatic ether; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; secondary allylic alcohol | antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.6.5.3 [NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating)] inhibitor; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
| marmin | marmin: structure in first source; RN given for (R-(E))-isomer | ||
| 2-[[6-[(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyanilino)-oxomethyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-yl]thio]acetic acid | acridines | ||
| adenosine diphosphate (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinediol | dihydroxypyrrolidine; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | ||
| bvt2733 | |||
| mk-0916 | MK-0916: structure in first source | ||
| ly 341495 | xanthenes | ||
| ag 14361 | benzimidazoles | ||
| gpi 6150 | |||
| ic 87114 | IC 87114: structure in first source | 6-aminopurines; biaryl; quinazolines | EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor |
| rucaparib | AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source | azepinoindole; caprolactams; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| 3,4-dihydro-5-(4-(1-piperidinyl)butoxy)-1(2h)-isoquinolinone | |||
| 2-acetylfuranonaphthoquinone | 2-acetylfuranonaphthoquinone: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source | ||
| 3-dihydroxy-6-methyl-7-(phenylmethyl)-4-propylnaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid | 3-dihydroxy-6-methyl-7-(phenylmethyl)-4-propylnaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid: inhibits lactate dehydrogenase A | ||
| nsc-287088 | |||
| veliparib | benzimidazoles | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor | |
| SYC-435 | SYC-435 : A cyclic hydroxamic acid that is 1-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-one in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6 are substituted by methyl and benzyl groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (Ki values of 190 nM against R132H mutant and 120 nM against R132C mutant). | benzenes; cyclic hydroxamic acid; pyridone | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor |
| adenosine monophosphate | adenosine 5'-monophosphate(2-) : A nucleoside 5'-monophosphate(2-) that results from the removal of two protons from the phosphate group of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP). | nucleoside 5'-monophosphate(2-) | cofactor; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| pf 915275 | |||
| olaparib | cyclopropanes; monofluorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; phthalazines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor | |
| colletoic acid | colletoic acid: an 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; structure in first source | ||
| niraparib | 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide : A member of the class of indazoles that is 2H-indazole substituted by 4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl and aminocarbonyl groups at positions 2 and 7, respectively. It is a potent PARP1 inhibitor with IC50 of 3.2 nM. | benzenes; indazoles; piperidines; primary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| niraparib | niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy. niraparib: structure in first source | 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent |
| cep 26401 | pyridazines; ring assembly | ||
| laherradurin | laherradurin: structure in first source | ||
| iwr-1 endo | IWR-1-endo : A dicarboximide having an endo bridged phthalimide structure, substituted at nitrogen by a 4-(quinolin-8-ylcarbamoyl)benzoyl group. | benzamides; bridged compound; dicarboximide; quinolines | axin stabilizer; Wnt signalling inhibitor |
| nms-p118 | NMS-P118: a PARP-1 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| N-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-1-piperazinecarbothioamide | piperazines; pyridines | ||
| 4-hydroxycoumarin | 2-hydroxychromone: structure | hydroxycoumarin | |
| agi-5198 | AGI-5198: inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase 1; structure in first source | ||
| g007-lk | G007-LK: potent and specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| agi-6780 | AGI-6780: inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2; structure in first source | ||
| ivosidenib | ivosidenib : A tertiary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S)-1-(4-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group of (2S)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)-2-[(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)amino]acetamide. It is approved by the FDA for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients with an isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutation. ivosidenib: an inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) | cyanopyridine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; pyrrolidin-2-ones; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor |
| enasidenib | 1,3,5-triazines; aminopyridine; aromatic amine; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor | |
| nct-501 | NCT-501: inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1; structure in first source | ||
| nu 1025 | NU 1064: structure in first source | phenols; quinazolines | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| 2-methyl-4(3h)-quinazolinone | 2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone: from Bacillus cereus; structure given in first source | ||
| 4-hydroxyquinazoline | 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source | quinazolines | |
| 5-amino-2-phenyl-3H-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-one | triazoles | ||
| 1,4-Dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound | ||
| xav939 | XAV939 : A thiopyranopyrimidine in which a 7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton is substituted at C-4 by a hydroxy group and at C-2 by a para-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. XAV939: selectively inhibits beta-catenin-mediated transcription; structure in first source | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; thiopyranopyrimidine | tankyrase inhibitor |
| 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-quinazolin-4-one | quinazolines | ||
| galloflavin | galloflavin: structure in first source | ||
| gossylic iminolactone | gossylic iminolactone: inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type I replication; structure given in first source | ||
| gossylic lactone | gossylic lactone: inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type I replication; structure given in first source | ||
| bmn 673 | talazoparib: inhibits both PARP1 and PARP2; structure in first source | ||
| amg 221 | AMG 221: structure in first source | ||
| me0328 | ME0328: inhibits ARTD3; structure in first source | ||
| nvp-tnks656 |