Page last updated: 2024-12-05

emedastine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Emedastine is an antihistamine that blocks the effects of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergy symptoms. It is used to treat seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and perennial allergic rhinitis. Emedastine is available as a nasal spray and eye drops. It works by blocking histamine from binding to H1 receptors in the body. This helps to reduce the symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and watery eyes. Emedastine is generally well-tolerated, but it can cause side effects such as headache, drowsiness, and dry mouth. Emedastine is a synthetic compound that was first developed in the 1970s. It is commonly used in many countries, including the United States, Europe, and Asia, and is typically considered to be safe and effective for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. It is often studied to investigate its effectiveness and safety in different populations, and to compare it to other antihistamine medications.'

emedastine: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

emedastine : 1-Methyl-1,4-diazepane in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl group. A relatively selective histamine H1 antagonist, it is used as the difumatate salt for allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and pruritic skin disorders, and in eyedrops for the symptomatic relief of allergic conjuntivitis. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID3219
CHEMBL ID594
CHEBI ID4779
SCHEMBL ID29770
MeSH IDM0127598

Synonyms (56)

Synonym
NCGC00181341-01
C07785
87233-61-2
emedastine
1-(2-ethoxy-ethyl)-2-(4-methyl-[1,4]diazepan-1-yl)-1h-benzoimidazole
DB01084
1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-(hexahydro-4-methyl-1h-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)benzimidazole
1-[2-(ethoxy)ethyl]-2-(4-methyl-1-homopiperazinyl)benzimidazole
emadine (tn)
1h-benzimidazole, 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-(hexahydro-4-methyl-1h-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)-
emedastinum [inn-latin]
emedastine [inn]
c17h26n4o
emedastine [inn:ban]
1-methyl-4-(1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1h-benzimidazo)-2-yl)(1,4)diazepane
emedastina [inn-spanish]
emedastinum
1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-1h-benzimidazole
CHEBI:4779 ,
emedastina
L001093
CHEMBL594 ,
D07890
emedastine (inn)
FT-0693271
1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)benzimidazole
bdbm50019624
9j1h7y9ojv ,
unii-9j1h7y9ojv
emedastine [mi]
emedastine [ema epar]
emedastine [who-dd]
emedastine [vandf]
S5659
BRD-K15010214-313-01-6
gtpl7174
1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-1h-1,3-benzodiazole
SCHEMBL29770
1-methyl-4-(1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)[1,4]diazepane
DTXSID7048243
1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-(4-methyl-1-homopiperazinyl) benzimidazole
1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-1h-benzo[d]imidazole ,
BCP20085
Q5370305
EX-A1371
BS-17691
AMY25237
HMS3886O14
mfcd00865647
CCG-267493
D81889
HY-108411
CS-0028590
AKOS037515523
EN300-22848873
AC-35544

Research Excerpts

Overview

Emedastine is a novel H1-receptor antagonist with pre-clinically well-documented anti-allergic effects. EMedastine difumarate is a new H1 receptor antagonist with well defined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Emedastine is a new H1-receptor antagonist endowed with potent and selective antihistamine activity. "( Clinical study of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of emedastine difumarate versus terfenadine in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Assandri, A; Corrado, ME; Hartwig, J; Mion, A; Oldeman, HG; Radicioni, MM, 2004
)
2.01
"Emedastine is a novel H1-receptor antagonist with pre-clinically well-documented anti-allergic effects. "( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the novel H1-receptor antagonist emedastine in healthy volunteers.
Assandri, A; Dallinger, S; Graselli, U; Jansen, B; Kiss, B; Müller, M; Schlagbauer-Wadl, H; Wacheck, V,
)
1.8
"Emedastine difumarate is a new H1 receptor antagonist with well defined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in healthy volunteers. "( Pharmacokinetics of emedastine difumarate, a new anti-histaminic agent in patients with renal impairment.
Assandri, A; Eichler, HG; Herranz, U; Joukhadar, C; Klein, N; Lackner, E; Müller, M; Pernerstorfer, T; Schrolnberger, C, 2001
)
2.08

Actions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Emedastine displays pharmacodynamic properties comparable with cetirizine and therefore qualifies as a safe and alternative compound with H1-receptor antagonist properties. "( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the novel H1-receptor antagonist emedastine in healthy volunteers.
Assandri, A; Dallinger, S; Graselli, U; Jansen, B; Kiss, B; Müller, M; Schlagbauer-Wadl, H; Wacheck, V,
)
1.8

Toxicity

Emmedastine difumarate is more effective than terfenadine in the symptomatic management of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The drug is particularly active in controlling the main nasal symptoms, such as sneezing and rhinorrhea. It is safe and well tolerated in this therapeutic indication.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Safety was assessed on routine laboratory tests and recording vital signs and adverse events (AEs)."( Clinical study of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of emedastine difumarate versus terfenadine in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Assandri, A; Corrado, ME; Hartwig, J; Mion, A; Oldeman, HG; Radicioni, MM, 2004
)
0.57
"The results of study show that emedastine difumarate is more effective than terfenadine in the symptomatic management of seasonal allergic rhinitis and is particularly active in controlling the main nasal symptoms, such as sneezing and rhinorrhea; it is safe and well tolerated in this therapeutic indication, while related AEs are less if compared to those displayed by terfenadine."( Clinical study of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of emedastine difumarate versus terfenadine in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Assandri, A; Corrado, ME; Hartwig, J; Mion, A; Oldeman, HG; Radicioni, MM, 2004
)
0.85
" Safety was assessed on routine laboratory assays and recording vital signs and adverse events (AEs)."( Clinical study of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of emedastine difumarate versus cetirizine in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Assandri, A; Corrado, ME; Horak, F; Kavina, A; Mion, A; Stübner, P; Zieglmayer, R, 2004
)
0.57
" Moreover, based on the results of this study, emedastine can be considered a safe and well-tolerated drug and its safety profile seems to resemble that of cetirizine."( Clinical study of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of emedastine difumarate versus cetirizine in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Assandri, A; Corrado, ME; Horak, F; Kavina, A; Mion, A; Stübner, P; Zieglmayer, R, 2004
)
0.83

Pharmacokinetics

Emedastine displays pharmacodynamic properties comparable with cetirizine and therefore qualifies as a safe and alternative compound with H1-receptor antagonist properties. At pharmacokinetic steady-state levels, no significant difference could be found in the potency of emedastine (2 mg b.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" These variations in the pharmacokinetic parameters in the animals were assumed to be mostly due to the species difference in the hepatic intrinsic clearance."( Pharmacokinetics of an antiallergic agent, 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-(hexahydro-4-methyl-1H-1, 4-diazepin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazole difumarate (KG-2413) after oral administration: interspecies differences in rats, guinea pigs and dogs.
Awata, N; Hamada, T; Sakai, T; Watanabe, J, 1989
)
0.28
"Emedastine displays pharmacodynamic properties comparable with cetirizine and therefore qualifies as a safe and alternative compound with H1-receptor antagonist properties."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the novel H1-receptor antagonist emedastine in healthy volunteers.
Assandri, A; Dallinger, S; Graselli, U; Jansen, B; Kiss, B; Müller, M; Schlagbauer-Wadl, H; Wacheck, V,
)
1.8
"Emedastine difumarate is a new H1 receptor antagonist with well defined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in healthy volunteers."( Pharmacokinetics of emedastine difumarate, a new anti-histaminic agent in patients with renal impairment.
Assandri, A; Eichler, HG; Herranz, U; Joukhadar, C; Klein, N; Lackner, E; Müller, M; Pernerstorfer, T; Schrolnberger, C, 2001
)
2.08
"To assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of emedastine difumarate, a new antihistamine drug and ketoconazole."( Emedastine-ketoconazole: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions in healthy volunteers.
Assandri, A; Herranz, U; Rusca, A, 2001
)
1.99
"The effects of multiple ketoconazole administration on emedastine kinetics were evaluated by comparing values obtained for pharmacokinetic parameters at steady state, with and without ketoconazole."( Emedastine-ketoconazole: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions in healthy volunteers.
Assandri, A; Herranz, U; Rusca, A, 2001
)
2
" Pharmacodynamic data indicate no increase in the QTc interval during concomitant therapy."( Emedastine-ketoconazole: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions in healthy volunteers.
Assandri, A; Herranz, U; Rusca, A, 2001
)
1.75

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In studies using rabbits in vivo, emedastine had high permeability from fatty acid monoesters and fatty acid diesters as found in in vitro studies, and bioavailability of the drug after transdermal administration was greater than that after peroral administration."( Transdermal administration of emedastine.
Harada, S; Nakagawa, H; Takahashi, Y, 1993
)
0.85
" In an in vivo human bioavailability study of two formulations with a different release rate, the absorption rate was dependent on the release rate, and both formulations showed constant plasma levels of the drug for long periods."( Development of oral controlled release preparations, a PVA swelling controlled release system (SCRS). II. In vitro and in vivo evaluation.
Honda, R; Morita, R; Takahashi, Y, 2000
)
0.31

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Maximum plasma level (Cmax) appeared at 23, 32 and 51 min after dosing in rats, guinea pigs and dogs, respectively."( Pharmacokinetics of an antiallergic agent, 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-(hexahydro-4-methyl-1H-1, 4-diazepin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazole difumarate (KG-2413) after oral administration: interspecies differences in rats, guinea pigs and dogs.
Awata, N; Hamada, T; Sakai, T; Watanabe, J, 1989
)
0.28
" Comparisons of relative potency 30 min post dosing between emedastine and other anti-histamines demonstrated that emedastine is equipotent to ketotifen, and 7, 7, 10, 10, 100, 357, 3333, and 5813 times more potent than brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, pyrilamine, levocabastine, pheniramine, diphenhydramine, and antazoline, respectively."( Preclinical efficacy of emedastine, a potent, selective histamine H1 antagonist for topical ocular use.
Parnell, DW; Spellman, JM; Stephens, DJ; Yanni, JM, 1994
)
0.84
" AUC after single and multiple dosing were dose-proportional."( Pharmacokinetic and mass balance study of unlabelled and (14)C-labelled emedastine difumarate in healthy volunteers.
Assandri, A; Brunner, M; Eichler, HG; Ermanno Corrado, M; Kletter, K; Müller, M, 2002
)
0.55
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (3)

RoleDescription
H1-receptor antagonistH1-receptor antagonists are the drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine.
anti-allergic agentA drug used to treat allergic reactions.
antipruritic drugA drug, usually applied topically, that relieves pruritus (itching).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
benzimidazolesAn organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (1)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Emedastine H1-Antihistamine Action87

Protein Targets (2)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.12540.35487.935539.8107AID624170
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.57480.005612.367736.1254AID624032
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (17)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID76797In vivo for the inhibition of histamine-induced mortality in guinea pig1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7
Synthesis of 2-(4-substituted-1-piperazinyl)benzimidazoles as H1-antihistaminic agents.
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID78155In vitro inhibition of histamine-induced contractions in guinea pig ileum1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7
Synthesis of 2-(4-substituted-1-piperazinyl)benzimidazoles as H1-antihistaminic agents.
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (75)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199021 (28.00)18.7374
1990's12 (16.00)18.2507
2000's33 (44.00)29.6817
2010's8 (10.67)24.3611
2020's1 (1.33)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 40.60

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index40.60 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.63 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.39 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index66.56 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.24 (0.95)

This Compound (40.60)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials23 (29.11%)5.53%
Reviews2 (2.53%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other54 (68.35%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Long Term Efficacy of Artemisia Pollen Specific Allergen Immunotherapy in Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis [NCT05318157]Phase 4150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-03-31Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]