iomeprol profile

Iomeprol is an iodinated nonionic contrast agent used in X-ray imaging to enhance the visibility of blood vessels, organs, and tissues. Its synthesis involves the reaction of N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol with 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-triiodobenzoyl chloride. Iomeprol is a safe and effective contrast agent, generally well-tolerated, but like all iodinated contrast agents, it can cause adverse effects such as allergic reactions, kidney problems, and thyroid dysfunction in some individuals. It is studied to understand its potential uses and risks, particularly in relation to its impact on various organs and systems. Its ability to improve the visualization of anatomical structures makes it crucial for various diagnostic procedures, including angiography, computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The research on iomeprol focuses on its efficacy, safety profile, and potential applications in different clinical settings.'

iomeprol: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

iomeprol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a glycoloyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	3731
CHEMBL ID	2107214
CHEBI ID	31710
SCHEMBL ID	26981
MeSH ID	M0161850

Synonym
e-7337
iomeron
imeron
b-16880
iomeprol
1,3-benzenedicarboxamide, n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-((hydroxyacetyl)methylamino)-2,4,6-triiodo-
iomeprolo
n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-5-(n-methylglycolamido)isophthalamide
iomeprolum [inn-latin]
iomeron 300 (tn)
iomeprol (jan/usan/inn)
78649-41-9
D01719
n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[glycoloyl(methyl)amino]-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide
CHEBI:31710 ,
iomeprolum
1-n,3-n-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[(2-hydroxyacetyl)-methylamino]-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide
A839467
n1,n3-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-n-methylacetamido)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide
NCGC00183283-01
iomeprol [usan:inn:ban:jan]
17e17jbp8l ,
unii-17e17jbp8l
tox21_113611
dtxsid1049061 ,
cas-78649-41-9
dtxcid2028987
CHEMBL2107214
e7337
iomeron 300
FT-0627277
SCHEMBL26981
iomeprol [usan]
iomeprol [jan]
iomeprol [inn]
iomeprol [mart.]
iomeprol [who-dd]
iomeprol [mi]
AC-30722
1185146-41-1
AKOS030255901
DB11705
FT-0670399
Q6062808
methylacetamido)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide
n1,n3-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-n-
iomeprol 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile/methanol
BCP34386
EN300-19767832
n1,n3-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-n-methylacetamido)-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide
iomeron 350-d3
v08ab10
n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-(glycoloyl(methyl)amino)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide
iomeprolum (inn-latin)
iomeprol (mart.)
iomeprol injection
n,n'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-n-methylacetamido)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide
1,3-benzenedicarboxamide, n1,n3-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[(2-hydroxyacetyl)methylamino]-2,4,6-triiodo-

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Iomeprol is a suitable and well-tolerated nonionic contrast medium for use in pediatric examinations."	( [Iomeprol: results of clinical trials with a new nonionic contrast medium in children]. Möller, A; Schmiedel, E; van Gessel, R, 1994)	2.64
"Iomeprol (B16880) is a new non-ionic tri-iodinated radiographic contrast medium. "	( Iomeprol versus iopromide for intravenous urography. de Geeter, P; Melchior, H, 1994)	3.17
"Iomeprol proved to be an extremely well tolerated nonionic contrast medium."	( Evaluation of the adverse effects of iomeprol. Schmiedel, E, 1994)	1.28
"Iomeprol is a new triiodinated, nonionic radiographic contrast agent prepared for injection at a number of concentrations (150, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 mgI/ml), each of which has osmolality and viscosity properties that are more favourable than other current nonionic monomers at the same iodine concentrations. "	( Clinical utility and safety profile of iomeprol. Rosati, G, 1994)	2
"Iomeprol for injection is a new nonionic triiodinated contrast medium for diagnostic radiology, which combines low osmolality with low viscosity. "	( Pharmacodynamic effects of iomeprol for injection in experimental animals. Cipolla, P; de Haën, C; Luzzani, F; Tirone, P, 1994)	2.03
"Iomeprol is a nonionic monomer which provides injectable formulations with the lowest osmolalities and the lowest viscosities among the currently available low-osmolar radiographic contrast agents of the same category. "	( Double-blind comparison of safety and efficacy of iomeprol and iopamidol in carotid digital subtraction angiography. Beltramello, A; Piovan, E; Rosta, L, 1994)	1.98
"Iomeprol is a new nonionic contrast medium which, with its low osmolality and toxicity and very low viscosity, proved to be safe and well tolerated during clinical trials in cardioangiography."	( New non-ionic contrast: effects on the cardiovascular system. Gaux, JC; Pagny, JY, 1996)	1.02
"Iomeprol is a new nonionic monomeric contrast medium which has been tested during preclinical studies and clinical trials."	( Safety profile of new non-ionic contrast media: renal tolerance. Stacul, F; Thomsen, HS, 1996)	1.02
"Iomeprol is a nonionic, monomeric iodinated contrast medium. "	( Iomeprol: a review of its use as a contrast medium. Dooley, M; Jarvis, B, 2000)	3.19

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Out of 7799 patients to whom iomeprol was administered, adverse events were observed in only 437 (5."	( Clinical utility and safety profile of iomeprol. Rosati, G, 1994)	0.85
" Both agents appeared to be safe and well tolerated."	( Double-blind comparison of safety and efficacy of iomeprol and iopamidol in carotid digital subtraction angiography. Beltramello, A; Piovan, E; Rosta, L, 1994)	0.54
" The results of our study show that iomeprol 150 mgI/ml, and iopamidol 150 mgI/ml are equally effective, well tolerated and safe contrast agents when used for IA-DSA."	( A double-blind comparative study of the safety and efficacy of iomeprol in renal intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography. Canalis, GC; Carpanese, L; Guazzaroni, M; Simonetti, G; Urigo, F, 1994)	0.8
"Tolerance of a New Non-ionic Contrast Medium during Heart Catheterization The new non-ionic contrast medium iomeprol (CAS 78649-41-9) was investigated for adverse reactions and diagnostic quality in 75 patients undergoing heart catheterization."	( [Adverse effects of a new non-ionic contrast medium in heart catheterization]. Jost, S; Lichtlen, P; Meyer, GP; Rafflenbeul, W; Trappe, HJ; Wenzlaff, P, 1993)	0.5
" The safety controls performed consisted of preand postdose complete physical examinations, measurement of vital signs, electrocardiographic controls, clinical laboratory investigations (hematology, serum chemistry, and urinalysis), and monitoring of adverse events."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of a new liposomal liver-specific contrast agent for CT: results of clinical testing in nonpatient volunteers. Alvino, S; Ceriati, S; Fouillet, X; Lorusso, V; Luzzani, F; Pianezzola, P; Rummeny, EJ; Spinazzi, A, 2000)	0.31
"No serious adverse events occurred throughout the study."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of a new liposomal liver-specific contrast agent for CT: results of clinical testing in nonpatient volunteers. Alvino, S; Ceriati, S; Fouillet, X; Lorusso, V; Luzzani, F; Pianezzola, P; Rummeny, EJ; Spinazzi, A, 2000)	0.31
"BR21 appeared to be safe and well tolerated in nonpatient subjects."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of a new liposomal liver-specific contrast agent for CT: results of clinical testing in nonpatient volunteers. Alvino, S; Ceriati, S; Fouillet, X; Lorusso, V; Luzzani, F; Pianezzola, P; Rummeny, EJ; Spinazzi, A, 2000)	0.31
" Safety was determined by predose and postdose (up to 10 days) measurement of vital signs, hematology, blood chemistry, urinalysis, electrocardiogram, physical examinations, and the incidence of adverse events."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of iomeprol in healthy volunteers and in patients with renal impairment or end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis. Alvino, S; Lorusso, V; Spinazzi, A; Taroni, P, 2001)	0.6
" Mild to moderate adverse events were reported by 17 of 30 subjects; none was clinically meaningful."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of iomeprol in healthy volunteers and in patients with renal impairment or end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis. Alvino, S; Lorusso, V; Spinazzi, A; Taroni, P, 2001)	0.6
" In this risk population, iomeprol 400 was safe and well tolerated."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of iomeprol in healthy volunteers and in patients with renal impairment or end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis. Alvino, S; Lorusso, V; Spinazzi, A; Taroni, P, 2001)	0.9
" No difference was found between the groups regarding the frequency of patients having adverse reactions (5."	( Pain in femoral arteriography. A double-blind, randomized, clinical study comparing safety and efficacy of the iso-osmolar iodixanol 270 mgI/ml and the low-osmolar iomeprol 300 mgI/ml in 9 European centers. Batakis, O; Fog, A; Manke, C; Marcus, C; Page, A; Puey, J, 2003)	0.51
"To test in vitro whether gadolinium-based contrast agents induce fewer toxic effects on renal tubular cells than does an iodinated contrast medium at concentrations used for angiography."	( Cytotoxicity of iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents in renal tubular cells at angiographic concentrations: in vitro study. Grgic, A; Heckmann, MB; Heinrich, MC; Kohlbacher, S; Kuhlmann, MK; Scheer, M; Uder, M, 2007)	0.34
" Adverse events occurred in 1/91 (1."	( Enhancement and safety of iomeprol-400 and iodixanol-320 in patients undergoing abdominal multidetector CT. Bonomo, L; Catalano, C; Chen, KM; Dore, R; Grazioli, L; Romano, L; Vanzulli, A; Xu, JR, 2009)	0.65
"The purpose of the study is to examine the incidence of adverse reactions caused by non-ionic contrast media in selected patients after desensitization treatment and to evaluate the safety profile of organ iodine contrast media (i."	( Safety profile and protocol prevention of adverse reactions to uroangiographic contrast media in diagnostic imaging. Brunese, L; D'Amora, M; D'Andrea, A; Di Grezia, G; Grassi, R; Mandato, Y; Reginelli, A; Rossi, C; Rotondi, A, )	0.13
"The presence of iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) in source waters is of high concern to public health because of their potential to generate highly toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs)."	( The impact of iodinated X-ray contrast agents on formation and toxicity of disinfection by-products in drinking water. Duirk, SE; Jeong, CH; Machek, EJ; Plewa, MJ; Richardson, SD; Shakeri, M; Ternes, TA; Wagner, ED, 2017)	0.46
" Intravenous provocation with a skin test-negative RCM is safe and enables identification of a tolerated alternative RCM."	( Radiocontrast Media Hypersensitivity: Skin Testing Differentiates Allergy From Nonallergic Reactions and Identifies a Safe Alternative as Proven by Intravenous Provocation. Behle, V; Brockow, K; Stoevesandt, J; Trautmann, A, )	0.13
"The injection of contrast agent using standard peripheral venous cannulas is a safe and reliable procedure yielding diagnostic image contrast, even when using highly viscous contrast agents such as iomeprol 400; an aspiration test should be performed before each injection."	( Prospective safety evaluation of automated iomeprol 400 injections for CT through peripheral venous cannulas. Buecker, A; Fries, P; Jagoda, P; Raczeck, P; Stroeder, J, 2020)	1.01
" In conclusion, using a dorsal approach, CT-guided cervical nerve root infiltrations with an extraforaminal needle position seem to be a safe intervention."	( Safety of CT-guided cervical nerve root infiltrations using a dorsal approach. Gossner, J, 2020)	0.56
" We used reports downloaded from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System and data on the national use of individual ICM for this analysis."	( Differences in Hypersensitivity Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Media: Analysis of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Database. Lin, W; Lin, X; Weng, L; Yang, J, 2023)	0.91
"A total of 11,343,365 adverse event reports were collected from the first quarter of 2013 to the first quarter of 2021, among which 5,432 cases were identified as ICM-induced HSRs."	( Differences in Hypersensitivity Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Media: Analysis of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Database. Lin, W; Lin, X; Weng, L; Yang, J, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" For pharmacokinetic analysis, the determination of total iomeprol content was performed by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay procedure in blood, urine, and fecal samples collected before the dose and serially after the dose, up to 120 hours."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of a new liposomal liver-specific contrast agent for CT: results of clinical testing in nonpatient volunteers. Alvino, S; Ceriati, S; Fouillet, X; Lorusso, V; Luzzani, F; Pianezzola, P; Rummeny, EJ; Spinazzi, A, 2000)	0.55
" Its pharmacokinetic profile was compatible with nonspecific distribution into the extracellular fluid space and specific distribution into a deep compartment."	( Safety and pharmacokinetics of a new liposomal liver-specific contrast agent for CT: results of clinical testing in nonpatient volunteers. Alvino, S; Ceriati, S; Fouillet, X; Lorusso, V; Luzzani, F; Pianezzola, P; Rummeny, EJ; Spinazzi, A, 2000)	0.31
" The elimination half-life increased progressively with increasing renal impairment."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of iomeprol in healthy volunteers and in patients with renal impairment or end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis. Alvino, S; Lorusso, V; Spinazzi, A; Taroni, P, 2001)	0.6

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The study aimed to prospectively evaluate the radiation dose reduction potential and image quality (IQ) of a high-concentration contrast media (HCCM) injection protocol in combination with a low tube current (mAs) in coronary computed tomography angiography."	( Evaluation of a High Concentrated Contrast Media Injection Protocol in Combination with Low Tube Current for Dose Reduction in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography: A Randomized, Two-center Prospective Study. Hua, Y; Jin, X; Li, C; Mao, D; Shi, K; Sun, Y; Wang, M; Xu, J, 2017)	0.46
"HCCM combined with low tube current allows dose reduction in coronary computed tomography angiography and does not compromise IQ."	( Evaluation of a High Concentrated Contrast Media Injection Protocol in Combination with Low Tube Current for Dose Reduction in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography: A Randomized, Two-center Prospective Study. Hua, Y; Jin, X; Li, C; Mao, D; Shi, K; Sun, Y; Wang, M; Xu, J, 2017)	0.46

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The contrast medium was injected rapidly into an antecubital vein within 2-3 min in most cases, using a standard dosage of 1 ml kg-1 body weight."	( Iomeprol versus iopromide for intravenous urography. de Geeter, P; Melchior, H, 1994)	1.73
" Intravenous daily dosing for 4 weeks showed that iomeprol was well tolerated at doses as high as the maximum dose anticipated for clinical use."	( Toxicological safety assessment of iomeprol, a new X-ray contrast agent. de Haën, C; Luzzani, F; Morisetti, A; Tirone, P, 1994)	0.82
"Although airway gene transfer research in mouse models relies on bolus fluid dosing into the nose or trachea, the dynamics and immediate fate of delivered gene transfer agents are poorly understood."	( Synchrotron phase-contrast X-ray imaging reveals fluid dosing dynamics for gene transfer into mouse airways. Donnelley, M; Jamison, RA; Parsons, DW; Siu, KK, 2012)	0.38
" This makes it potentially feasible to automatically individualize CM dosage by CT."	( Automatic individualized contrast medium dosage during hepatic computed tomography by using computed tomography dose index volume (CTDI(vol)). Aspelin, P; Björk, J; Brismar, TB; Cederlund, K; Nyman, U; Svensson, A, 2014)	0.4

Role	Description
radioopaque medium	A substance having the property of absorbing, and therefore being opaque to, electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays.
environmental contaminant	Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
xenobiotic	A xenobiotic (Greek, xenos "foreign"; bios "life") is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
benzenedicarboxamide
organoiodine compound	An organoiodine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-iodine bond.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.6832	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID720691
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	1 (0.14)	18.7374
1990's	74 (10.29)	18.2507
2000's	220 (30.60)	29.6817
2010's	398 (55.35)	24.3611
2020's	26 (3.62)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	127 (16.24%)	5.53%
Reviews	14 (1.79%)	6.00%
Case Studies	66 (8.44%)	4.05%
Observational	4 (0.51%)	0.25%
Other	571 (73.02%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.08	1	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	7.11	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
cytosine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.25	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	3.38	1	1	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	8.39	22	5	diatomic iodine	nutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	3.88	2	1	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
phenol [no description available]	7.11	1	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.95	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	6.13	11	1	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
theophylline [no description available]	4.37	2	2	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.07	1	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	1.98	1	0	benzamides
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2.17	1	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	2.72	3	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	1.99	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
clofibric acid Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.	2.72	3	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; herbicide; marine xenobiotic metabolite; PPARalpha agonist
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	1.99	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.06	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
iodamide Iodamide: An ionic monomeric contrast medium. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706). iodamide : A benzoic acid compound having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions, an acetamido substituent at the 3-position and an acetamidomethyl substituent at the 5-position.	2.4	2	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.	12.35	53	18	organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	13.83	106	16	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	11.76	63	10	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	6.03	10	1	organic molecular entity
iotrolan iotrolan: nonionic, isotonic contrast medium designed for intrathecal use; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; DL-3-117 refers to stereoisomer; structure given in first source	5.4	5	1	organic molecular entity
ioversol [no description available]	14.92	26	2	amidobenzoic acid
ioxaglate Ioxaglic Acid: A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures.. ioxaglic acid : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an acetyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.	6.17	12	3	benzenedicarboxamide; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
ioxilan [no description available]	2.41	2	0	amidobenzoic acid
mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.	2.25	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide	drug allergen; local anaesthetic
palmidrol palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	2.13	1	0	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine	anti-inflammatory drug; anticonvulsant; antihypertensive agent; neuroprotective agent
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.04	1	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
thymidine [no description available]	2	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.78	2	1	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.07	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.08	1	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
mannitol [no description available]	3.85	4	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	2.17	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	2.43	2	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
benzenesulfonic acid benzenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzenesulfonic acid : The simplest member of the class of a benzenesulfonic acids that consists of a benzene carrying a single sulfo group.	7.11	1	0	benzenesulfonic acids
diatrizoate meglumine Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.	5.21	6	2	monocarboxylic acid anion	radioopaque medium
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	7.9	16	3	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
thiazoles [no description available]	2.03	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	2.03	1	0	organic cation
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	3.27	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	6.79	6	4	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years).	3.78	10	0	sulfur coordination entity	greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent
enbucrilate Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.	2.46	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; nitrile
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.44	2	0	titanium group element atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	4.35	7	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.82	3	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	2.95	4	0	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.15	1	0	calcium phosphate
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.11	1	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.75	3	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.44	2	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
iodine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	2.06	1	0
ioxitalamic acid ioxitalamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; Telebrix 38 contains both sodium ioxitalamate & meglumine ioxitalamate; structure. iooxitalamic acid : An organoiodine compound that is 2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3 and a (2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl group at position 5. It is used as a contrast medium.	4.23	6	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.03	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	2.44	2	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
iopentol [no description available]	4.64	3	2	amidobenzoic acid
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	5.41	7	2	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.03	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
ioglicic acid ioglicic acid: structure	3.37	1	1	amidobenzoic acid
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	20.98	718	120	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iobitridol [no description available]	9.11	18	3	benzenedicarboxamide; hexol; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	5.63	6	1	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
yttrium radioisotopes Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.	2.06	1	0
gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-n,n',n'',n'''-tetraacetate gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate: RN refers to Na salt	2.08	1	0
perchlorate perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid.	2.02	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
edotreotide Edotreotide: DOTA - 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanetetracetic acid; structure given in first source; may be labelled with various radioisotopes	3.46	1	1
technetium tc 99m pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.	2.07	1	0
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
iosmin iosmin: a constrast agent; contains 350 mg iodine/mL	2.06	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
sorafenib [no description available]	3.88	2	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.07	1	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
carboplatin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	5.33	2	2	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	1.97	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	1.99	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	7.58	16	1	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
technetium tc 99m exametazime Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.	2.06	1	0
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	2.08	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	3.43	1	1	polypeptide
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	7.46	2	0
sodium tetradecyl sulfate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
gadofosveset trisodium gadofosveset trisodium: a low molecular weight molecule chelated to Gadolinium, that strongly binds to plasma proteins; Vasovist is an injectable for imaging the vascular system by magnetic resonance angiography	2.46	2	0
gadoxetic acid disodium gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA: DTPA covalently linked to the lipoohilic ethoxybenzyl moiety; a contrast agent in MR imaging of hepatobiliary system	4.97	2	1
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.01	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.03	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	3.98	4	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	3.67	9	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	3.67	9	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	3.86	3	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	3.86	3	0
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	3.66	3	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	6.92	15	5
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	4.24	3	1
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	3.66	3	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	6.92	15	5
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	13.66	147	22
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	2.21	1	0
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	4.24	3	1
Vascular Injuries [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Blunt Injuries [description not available]	2.84	3	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	4.52	8	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	5.31	4	1
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	5.31	4	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	4.52	8	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	6.94	25	3
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	6.94	25	3
Abdomen, Acute A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.	2.5	2	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	11.02	48	12
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	16.02	48	12
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available]	2.97	4	0
Anterior Cervical Pain [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Nerve Root Avulsion [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Radiculopathy Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.	2.25	1	0
Neck Pain Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.	2.25	1	0
Destombes-Rosai-Dorfman Syndrome [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Histiocytosis, Sinus Benign, non-Langerhans-cell, histiocytic proliferative disorder that primarily affects the lymph nodes. It is often referred to as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy.	3.23	1	0
Aneurysm, Ruptured The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.	2.86	3	0
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	6.89	13	2
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	6.89	13	2
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.25	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	4.87	4	2
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	9.87	4	2
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	7.51	2	0
Acute Generalised Exanthematous Pustulosis [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	2.51	2	0
Neoplasms, Vascular [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Synovioma [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Sarcoma, Synovial A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363)	2.31	1	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	6.06	10	3
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	8.46	29	3
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	8.46	29	3
Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	8.96	35	7
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	8.96	35	7
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	3.53	1	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	6.93	14	2
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	5.79	20	1
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	5.79	20	1
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.17	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	6.13	11	1
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	6.13	11	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.67	9	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.67	9	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	6.82	22	1
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	6.82	22	1
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.	2.17	1	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	2.17	1	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	7.74	20	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	7.74	20	1
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	8.35	10	5
Parotiditis [description not available]	3.4	2	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	8.35	10	5
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	3.09	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	4.85	7	1
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	4.85	7	1
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	2.54	2	0
Emesis [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	4.9	4	2
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	2.17	1	0
Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	2.17	1	0
Low Back Ache [description not available]	3.43	2	0
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	3.43	2	0
Anasarca [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.	2.17	1	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.17	1	0
Liposarcoma A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	2.17	1	0
Retroperitoneal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE.	2.17	1	0
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).	2.17	1	0
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)	2.17	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine.	3.73	3	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	3.71	3	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	3.09	1	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	3.71	3	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	3.09	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	8.17	12	2
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	8.17	12	2
Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	3.01	4	0
Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.	3.01	4	0
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	3.67	9	0
Xanthoma [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.67	9	0
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	2.25	1	0
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	2.21	1	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	8.04	16	6
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	8.04	16	6
Atheroma [description not available]	3.7	3	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	7.12	10	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	7.12	10	1
Injuries, Multiple [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	4.17	3	1
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	4.17	3	1
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Alogia [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	3.81	2	1
Aphasia A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.	2.08	1	0
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	3.81	2	1
Bleeding [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Abdominal Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.	2.46	2	0
Hemoperitoneum Accumulations of blood in the PERITONEAL CAVITY due to internal HEMORRHAGE.	2.08	1	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	2.48	2	0
Aneurysm, Coronary [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Kawasaki Disease [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome An acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. The principal symptoms are fever, congestion of the ocular conjunctivae, reddening of the lips and oral cavity, protuberance of tongue papillae, and edema or erythema of the extremities.	2.08	1	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	2.77	3	0
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	4.07	14	0
Endoleak Postoperative hemorrhage from an endovascular AORTIC ANEURYSM repaired with endoluminal placement of stent grafts (BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION). It is associated with pressurization, expansion, and eventual rupture of the aneurysm.	3.47	7	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	4.07	14	0
Esophageal Varices [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	2.46	2	0
Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).	2.76	3	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	2.46	2	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	3.19	5	0
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.49	2	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	3.19	5	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	2.08	1	0
Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.	2.08	1	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	2.49	2	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Cancer of the Vulva [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Extra-Mammary Paget Disease [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	2.47	2	0
Paget Disease, Extramammary A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478)	2.1	1	0
Vulvar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.	2.1	1	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	6.62	11	1
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	6.62	11	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	5.75	7	1
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	6.21	12	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	5.75	7	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	6.21	12	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.49	2	0
Aortic Stenosis [description not available]	3.17	5	0
Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.	3.17	5	0
Aortitis Syndrome [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Takayasu Arteritis A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy.	2.1	1	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	5.24	4	1
Cancer of the Urinary Tract [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Cancer of the Ureter [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Ureteral Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the URETER which may cause obstruction leading to hydroureter, HYDRONEPHROSIS, and PYELONEPHRITIS. HEMATURIA is a common symptom.	2.1	1	0
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	2.5	2	0
Precordial Catch [description not available]	4.36	7	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Itching [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Hives [description not available]	2.8	3	0
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.	4.36	7	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	2.1	1	0
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	2.1	1	0
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	2.8	3	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	3.7	3	0
Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.	3.01	1	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	3.7	3	0
Exanthem [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.94	4	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	2.46	2	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.1	1	0
Abscess, Abdominal [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Abdominal Abscess An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.1	1	0
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Solitary or multiple benign hepatic vascular tumors, usually occurring in women of 20-50 years of age. The nodule, poorly encapsulated, consists of a central stellate fibrous scar and normal liver elements such as HEPATOCYTES, small BILE DUCTS, and KUPFFER CELLS among the intervening fibrous septa. The pale colored central scar represents large blood vessels with hyperplastic fibromuscular layer and narrowing lumen.	2.1	1	0
Atresia, Biliary [description not available]	3.4	2	0
Biliary Atresia Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE.	3.4	2	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	2.48	2	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	2.08	1	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	2.08	1	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	2.08	1	0
Venous Insufficiency Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.	2.08	1	0
Hyperidrosis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Hyperhidrosis Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise.	2.1	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	5.5	8	2
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	5.5	8	2
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.92	12	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	2.1	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	11.03	21	8
Siamese Twins [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	5.63	9	2
Blood Clot [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	5.63	9	2
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	2.73	3	0
Fibromatosis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.	2.1	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	6.21	9	4
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	6.21	9	4
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	5.75	7	3
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	4.93	4	2
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	5.23	6	2
Foot Ulcer Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.	2.1	1	0
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	5.23	6	2
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	4.93	4	2
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	4.11	3	1
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.11	1	0
Perforated Appendicitis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Appendicitis Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.	2.11	1	0
Aortic Dissection [description not available]	3.34	6	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	2.11	1	0
Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	3.67	9	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	3.67	9	0
Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).	2.1	1	0
Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.1	1	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	3.17	5	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.78	3	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	3.17	5	0
Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.	4.42	2	2
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	4.13	3	1
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	4.13	3	1
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	2.48	2	0
Carditis [description not available]	3.9	4	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	3.9	4	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	4.51	5	1
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	4.51	5	1
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	5.59	9	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.99	4	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.99	4	0
Vesicoureteral Reflux [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY.	2.11	1	0
Angioneurotic Edema [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Conjunctival Diseases Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.	2.11	1	0
Cancer of Duodenum [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	2.11	1	0
Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.	2.11	1	0
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.	2.11	1	0
Primary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE due to parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. It is characterized by the combination of HYPERCALCEMIA, phosphaturia, elevated renal 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis, and increased BONE RESORPTION.	2.47	2	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.11	1	0
Thoracic Diseases Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.	3.83	2	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.97	4	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2.97	4	0
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Co-infection [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	2.75	3	0
Capillary Telangiectasia, Brain [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Pulmonary Veno Occlusive Disease [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease Pathological process resulting in the fibrous obstruction of the small- and medium-sized PULMONARY VEINS and PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. Veno-occlusion can arise from fibrous proliferation of the VASCULAR INTIMA and VASCULAR MEDIA; THROMBOSIS; or a combination of both.	2.47	2	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	3.86	4	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Cancer of Oropharnyx [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.78	3	0
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.	2.11	1	0
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	2.13	1	0
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	2.53	2	0
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	2.53	2	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Aneurysm, Aortic [description not available]	3.45	7	0
Aortic Aneurysm An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.	3.45	7	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	3.3	6	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	3.3	6	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	2.51	2	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	2.51	2	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.13	1	0
Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).	2.51	2	0
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia A congenital cardiomyopathy that is characterized by infiltration of adipose and fibrous tissue into the RIGHT VENTRICLE wall and loss of myocardial cells. Primary injuries usually are at the free wall of right ventricular and right atria resulting in ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.13	1	0
Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.	2.49	2	0
Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)	2.49	2	0
Coin Lesion, Pulmonary [description not available]	5.78	9	0
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Amnesia, Transient Global A syndrome characterized by a transient loss of the ability to form new memories. It primarily occurs in middle aged or elderly individuals, and episodes may last from minutes to hours. During the period of amnesia, immediate and recent memory abilities are impaired, but the level of consciousness and ability to perform other intellectual tasks are preserved. The condition is related to bilateral dysfunction of the medial portions of each TEMPORAL LOBE. Complete recovery normally occurs, and recurrences are unusual. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp429-30)	2.13	1	0
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	2.49	2	0
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	3.57	8	0
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	3.57	8	0
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	2.98	4	0
Colonic Polyps Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	2.15	1	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.77	3	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	2.13	1	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	3.42	2	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	3.42	2	0
Aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	3.43	1	1
Coronary Vessel Anomalies Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.	3.55	8	0
Metastase [description not available]	3.83	2	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	3.83	2	1
Basilar Artery Insufficiency [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Cystic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Kidney Diseases, Cystic A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).	2.45	2	0
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	2.04	1	0
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	4.21	6	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	2.93	4	0
Right Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Asystole [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	3.43	1	1
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Genito-urinary Cancer [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	2.74	3	0
Urogenital Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.	2.45	2	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	3.3	6	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	3.3	6	0
Leukoaraiosis Non-specific white matter changes in the BRAIN, often seen after age 65. Changes include loss of AXONS; MYELIN pallor, GLIOSIS, loss of ependymal cells, and enlarged perivascular spaces. Leukoaraiosis is a risk factor for DEMENTIA and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.	2.05	1	0
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	2.45	2	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	2.45	2	0
Budd-Chiari Syndrome A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon.	2.05	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	2.05	1	0
Aneurysm, False Not an aneurysm but a well-defined collection of blood and CONNECTIVE TISSUE outside the wall of a blood vessel or the heart. It is the containment of a ruptured blood vessel or heart, such as sealing a rupture of the left ventricle. False aneurysm is formed by organized THROMBUS and HEMATOMA in surrounding tissue.	2.98	4	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.	2.43	2	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	2.43	2	0
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	2.46	2	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	3.85	2	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	3.85	2	1
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	2.45	2	0
Foreign-Body Migration Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.	2.46	2	0
Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.	2.05	1	0
Hypovolemic [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	2.46	2	0
Hypovolemia An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK).	2.05	1	0
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	2.05	1	0
Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	2.96	1	0
Klatskin Tumor Cholangiocarcinoma arising near or at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts (COMMON HEPATIC DUCT). These tumors are generally small, sharply localized, and seldom metastasizing.	2.96	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.45	2	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	2.05	1	0
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	6.4	9	5
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	6.4	9	5
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.05	1	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Disc, Herniated [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Intervertebral Disc Displacement An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.	2.05	1	0
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	2.05	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	7.71	3	0
Angina at Rest [description not available]	4.73	2	1
Angina, Unstable Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	4.73	2	1
Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.	2.05	1	0
Ache [description not available]	5.81	6	4
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	10.81	6	4
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.46	2	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.	2.05	1	0
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	2.05	1	0
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	2.05	1	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	2.05	1	0
Infective Endocarditis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Endocarditis Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.	2.05	1	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	2.05	1	0
Diathesis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	2.05	1	0
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Facial Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.	2.47	2	0
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	2.46	2	0
Neoplasm Seeding The local implantation of tumor cells by contamination of instruments and surgical equipment during and after surgical resection, resulting in local growth of the cells and tumor formation.	2.06	1	0
Cyst [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Adenoma, Oxyphilic A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of abundant MITOCHONDRIA. Oxyphil cells, also known as oncocytes, are found in oncocytomas of the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands. In the thyroid gland, oxyphil cells are known as Hurthle cells and Askanazy cells.	2.06	1	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	2.46	2	0
Duncan Disease [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	2.05	1	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	2.05	1	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Hangman Fracture [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	2.06	1	0
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column.	2.06	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.06	1	0
Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	4.73	2	1
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	2.43	2	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.43	2	0
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	2.06	1	0
Gangliocytoma [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Cancer of Mediastinum [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Mediastinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.	2.07	1	0
Cor Pulmonale [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Colon Diverticula [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Diverticulum, Colon A pouch or sac opening from the COLON.	2.07	1	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	2.06	1	0
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.	2.07	1	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	2.06	1	0
Fat Necrosis A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol.	2.06	1	0
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE.	2.99	1	0
Mitral Stenosis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Mitral Valve Stenosis Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.	2.06	1	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	2.06	1	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	2.06	1	0
Liposclerotic Mesenteritis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Patent Foramen Ovale [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Atrial Septal Defect [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Cardiac Aneurysm [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Foramen Ovale, Patent A condition in which the FORAMEN OVALE in the ATRIAL SEPTUM fails to close shortly after birth. This results in abnormal communications between the two upper chambers of the heart. An isolated patent ovale foramen without other structural heart defects is usually of no hemodynamic significance.	2.06	1	0
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
MODS [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	2.06	1	0
Blast Injuries Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.07	1	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.07	1	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	2.07	1	0
Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.	3.86	2	1
Cancer of Sigmoid [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Adenocystic Carcinoma [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.46	2	0
Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from peripheral nerve tissue. This includes NEUROFIBROMAS; SCHWANNOMAS; GRANULAR CELL TUMORS; and malignant peripheral NERVE SHEATH NEOPLASMS. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp1750-1)	2.07	1	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	2.99	1	0
Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available]	3.46	1	1
Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.	3.46	1	1
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	2.07	1	0
Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypovolemia [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	2.07	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.08	1	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	2.08	1	0
Leanness [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.	2.08	1	0
Acute Cholecystitis [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cholecystitis, Acute Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and LEUKOCYTOSIS. Gallstone obstruction of the CYSTIC DUCT is present in approximately 90% of the cases.	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	2.01	1	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	3.4	1	1
Adenitis, Salivary Gland [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Submandibular Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND.	2.02	1	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	2.02	1	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	2.02	1	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	2.02	1	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Esophageal Stricture [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	2.03	1	0
Esophageal Stenosis A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.	2.03	1	0
Cardiac Complex, Premature [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Intraventricular Septal Defects [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Atresia, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.	2.03	1	0
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	2.03	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	2.03	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	2.03	1	0
Gammapathy, Monoclonal [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Agammaglobulinemia An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.	2.03	1	0
Paraproteinemias A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.	2.03	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	2.03	1	0
Pneumoperitoneum A condition with trapped gas or air in the PERITONEAL CAVITY, usually secondary to perforation of the internal organs such as the LUNG and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, or to recent surgery. Pneumoperitoneum may be purposely introduced to aid radiological examination.	2.03	1	0
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	2.03	1	0
Adenolymphoma A benign tumor characterized histologically by tall columnar epithelium within a lymphoid tissue stroma. It is usually found in the salivary glands, especially the parotid.	2.03	1	0
Adenoma, Pleomorphic A benign, slow-growing tumor, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule, usually of the parotid gland, but also found in any major or accessory salivary gland anywhere in the oral cavity. It is most often seen in women in the fifth decade. Histologically, the tumor presents a variety of cells: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous cells, showing all forms of epithelial growth. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Parotid [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Parotid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.	2.03	1	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	7.03	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.95	1	0
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	2.95	1	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	2.95	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	3.42	1	1
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	3.42	1	1
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	2.03	1	0
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	2.03	1	0
Fibroid [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	2.03	1	0
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	2.44	2	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	2.03	1	0
Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Tracheal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the TRACHEA.	2.03	1	0
Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.	2.03	1	0
Injuries, Leg [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Anton Syndrome [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.69	3	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	2.03	1	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	2.04	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.04	1	0
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.	3.43	1	1
Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9)	2.04	1	0
Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.	2.04	1	0
Varicocele A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the SPERMATIC CORD with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume.	2.04	1	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	2.04	1	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	2.04	1	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	1.98	1	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Aura [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	1.98	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	1.98	1	0
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available]	3.78	2	1
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).	3.78	2	1
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	2	1	0
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	2	1	0
Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.	3.39	1	1
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	3.79	2	1
Atelectasis [description not available]	2	1	0
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	2	1	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2	1	0
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	2	1	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2	1	0

iomeprol

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Research Demand Index: 43.08

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