etanidazole profile

Etanidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells that are normally resistant to radiation therapy. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

etanidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. Used as a radiosensitising agent for hypoxic tumour cells. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	3276
CHEMBL ID	47405
CHEBI ID	75473
SCHEMBL ID	4414
SCHEMBL ID	20836613
SCHEMBL ID	22493013
MeSH ID	M0026334

Synonym
KBIO1_000305
DIVK1C_000305
NCI60_002528
radinyl
sp-2508
sr-2508
dup-435
sr 2508
n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-nitroimidazole-1-acetamide
ethanidazole
etanidazole [usan:inn]
etanidazol [spanish]
n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-nitro-1h-imidazole-1-acetamide
etanidazolum [latin]
n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)acetamide
nsc 301467
brn 0919296
SPECTRUM_001574
BPBIO1_000723
PRESTWICK_1056
NCGC00016767-01
cas-22668-01-5
2-nitroimidazole-1-acetamide, n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
nsc-301467
1h-imidazole-1-acetamide, n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-nitro-
mls003115757 ,
etanidazole (usan/inn)
D04075
radinyl (tn)
PRESTWICK3_000649
BSPBIO_000657
IDI1_000305
SPECTRUM5_001667
PRESTWICK2_000649
AB00052354
n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetamide
radinyl(tm)
etanidazole
22668-01-5
2-(2-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-n-2-hydroxyethylacetamide
nsc301467
NCGC00095848-01
KBIOSS_002054
KBIO2_002054
KBIO2_007190
KBIOGR_001845
KBIO2_004622
PRESTWICK0_000649
SPBIO_000760
PRESTWICK1_000649
SPECTRUM4_001183
SPECTRUM2_000910
SPBIO_002578
NINDS_000305
SPECTRUM1503412
HMS2093E13
chebi:75473 ,
CHEMBL47405
smr001233273
HMS500P07
HMS1570A19
NCGC00016767-02
HMS2097A19
tox21_110599
dtxcid6025434
etandazole
dtxsid8045434 ,
n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(2-nitro-1h-imidazol-1-yl)acetamide
CCG-39747
etanidazolum
etanidazol
30dka3q1hl ,
unii-30dka3q1hl
etanidazole [mi]
etanidazole [usan]
etanidazole [mart.]
etanidazole [inn]
SCHEMBL4414
tox21_110599_1
NCGC00016767-05
n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)acetamide
WCDWBPCFGJXFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
AKOS028109842
SR-05000001859-2
sr-05000001859
SR-05000001859-1
SBI-0051823.P002
HMS3714A19
DB12736
Q5402427
SCHEMBL20836613
ethylhydrocupreinehydrochloride
SCHEMBL22493013
XAA66801
etanidazole-d4

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"01) less toxic than RK-28 at this dose, as reflected in a lower increase in the brain glucose level (0."	( Metabolic studies and neurotoxicity in tumors and brain of mice after hypoxic cell sensitizers. Streffer, C; Tamulevicius, P, 1994)	0.29

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The secondary goal was to prospectively evaluate the utility of pharmacokinetic monitoring and dose-modification of the incidence and severity of the dose-limiting peripheral neurotoxicity."	( The efficacy of pharmacokinetic monitoring and dose modification of etanidazole on the incidence of neurotoxicity: results from a phase II trial of etanidazole and radiation therapy in locally advanced prostate cancer. Buswell, L; Coleman, CN; Noll, L; Riese, N; Rose, MA, 1992)	0.52
" Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in six cats."	( Technique, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and efficacy of intratumoral etanidazole and radiotherapy for treatment of spontaneous feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Brown, DQ; Curran, WJ; Evans, SM; Hanks, G; Helfand, S; LaCreta, F; VanWinkle, T, 1991)	0.52
" Pharmacokinetic studies have shown the importance of area under the plasma drug concentration versus time curve (AUC) in predicting the risk of peripheral neuropathy."	( Abnormal clinical pharmacokinetics of the developmental radiosensitizers pimonidazole (Ro 03-8799) and etanidazole (SR 2508). Bleehen, NM; Maughan, TS; Newman, HF; Ward, R; Workman, P, 1990)	0.49
" Plasma and urine pharmacokinetic studies showed that no drug interaction occurred."	( A phase I study of the combination of two hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, Ro 03-8799 and SR-2508: toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Bleehen, NM; Newman, HF; Workman, P, 1986)	0.27
" There was no adverse pharmacokinetic interaction, or perturbation of plasma pharmacokinetics between initial and final infusions."	( The multi-dose clinical tolerance and pharmacokinetics of the combined radiosensitizers, Ro 03-8799 (pimonidazole) and SR 2508 (etanidazole). Bleehen, NM; Newman, HF; Ward, R; Workman, P, 1988)	0.48
"Complete pharmacological data from 71 patients treated on the phase I trial of SR 2508 were analyzed to see if the dose-limiting toxicity of peripheral neuropathy is related to the individual patient's pharmacokinetic profile."	( Relationship between the neurotoxicity of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer SR 2508 and the pharmacokinetic profile. Blaschke, T; Coleman, CN; Cox, RS; Halsey, J; Hancock, S; Hirst, VK; Howes, AE; Pajak, T; Urtasun, RC; Wasserman, TH, 1987)	0.27
"To develop dosing criteria for the use of L-buthionine-S-sulfoximine (active diastereoisomer) as a glutathione depletor in the clinic, using a pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic in vitro-in vivo approach."	( Pharmacodynamics of prolonged treatment with L,S-buthionine sulfoximine. Bump, EA; Coleman, CN; Griffith, OW; Hurwitz, SJ; Lai, LL; Malaker, K; Riese, N, 1994)	0.29
" Pharmacokinetic data suggested t1/2 alpha and t1/2 beta for carboplatin were prolonged after pretreatment with etanidazole."	( Phase I pharmacokinetic study of the hypoxic cell sensitizer etanidazole with carboplatin and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Berkowitz, R; Buswell, L; Coleman, CN; Goodman, H; Hurwitz, SJ; Kalish, LA; Kusumoto, T; Muto, M; Shulman, LN; Teicher, B, 1994)	0.74
" Evaluation of pharmacokinetics in the peripheral nerves showed that the apparent biological half-life of SR-2508 increased with the increases in the number of administrations, whereas that of KU-2285 became shorter."	( Radiosensitizing activity and pharmacokinetics of multiple dose administered KU-2285 in peripheral nerve tissue in mice. Abe, M; Iwai, H; Matsuno, E; Sasai, K; Shibamoto, Y, 1994)	0.29
"To prospectively evaluate the pharmacokinetic monitoring and drug dose adjustment of Etanidazole (Eta) in patients treated on the RTOG randomized trial for Stage III and IV head and neck cancer."	( Pharmacokinetic monitoring and dose modification of etanidazole in the RTOG 85-27 phase III head and neck trial. Buswell, L; Coleman, CN; Lee, DJ; Noll, L; Pajak, TF; Riese, NE; Stetz, J, 1997)	0.77
" The plasma half-life was 11."	( Pharmacokinetics of EF5 [2-(2-nitro-1-H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) acetamide] in human patients: implications for hypoxia measurements in vivo by 2-nitroimidazoles. Covey, JM; Evans, SM; Hahn, SM; Koch, CJ; McKenna, WG; Rockwell, K, 2001)	0.31
" EF5's consistent half-life and clearance properties will allow quantitative analysis of EF5 binding relative to tissue oxygen levels."	( Pharmacokinetics of EF5 [2-(2-nitro-1-H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) acetamide] in human patients: implications for hypoxia measurements in vivo by 2-nitroimidazoles. Covey, JM; Evans, SM; Hahn, SM; Koch, CJ; McKenna, WG; Rockwell, K, 2001)	0.31
" In pharmacokinetic evaluations, in the presence of non-radioactive EF5, a uniform and low background uptake and high in vivo stability of [(18)F]EF5 have been demonstrated."	( Tracer level electrophilic synthesis and pharmacokinetics of the hypoxia tracer [(18)F]EF5. Bergman, J; Eskola, O; Forsback, S; Grönroos, TJ; Haaparanta, M; Härkönen, P; Komar, G; Minn, H; Solin, O; Tuomela, J, 2012)	0.38

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The degree of cytopenia with 2 Gy total-body irradiation when combined with either radiosensitizer was not significantly greater than that seen with 2 Gy alone, and the neutropenia was significantly less than that seen with 3 Gy alone."	( Bone marrow toxicity of total-body irradiation combined with radiosensitizers. Allalunis-Turner, J; Applebaum, FR; Chapman, JD; Deeg, HJ; Graham, T; Shields, AF; Storb, R, 1989)	0.28
"The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of Etanidazole, a hypoxic cell sensitizer, combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma."	( Results of a European randomized trial of Etanidazole combined with radiotherapy in head and neck carcinomas. Bey, P; Brisgand, D; Busutti, L; Chassagne, D; Chavaudra, J; Cionini, L; Eschwège, F; Guerra, M; Hill, C; Malaise, EP; N'Guyen, T; Romanini, A; Sancho-Garnier, H, 1997)	0.8
" Effective modulatory doses of etanidazole could not be given with acceptable toxicity using this schedule."	( Dose escalation of the hypoxic cell sensitizer etanidazole combined with ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide, and autologous hematopoietic stem cell support. Antman, KH; Ayash, LJ; Coleman, N; Elias, AD; Frei, E; Ibrahim, J; McCauley, M; Mills, L; Schnipper, L; Schwartz, G; Teicher, BA; Warren, D; Wheeler, C, 1998)	0.84

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
") was administered just prior to an alkylating agent, the combination treatment produced significantly more tumor cell killing across the dosage range of each alkylating agent tested compared with the alkylating agent alone."	( Modulation of alkylating agents by etanidazole and Fluosol-DA/carbogen in the FSaIIC fibrosarcoma and EMT6 mammary carcinoma. Bubley, G; Coleman, CN; Eder, JP; Frei, E; Herman, TS; Holden, SA; Tanaka, J; Teicher, BA, 1991)	0.56
" There remains the possibility that, on the basis of the combined drug dosage achieved, an increased therapeutic efficacy can be reached with either drug alone."	( The combination of multiple doses of etanidazole and pimonidazole in 48 patients: a toxicity and pharmacokinetic study. Bleehen, NM; Maughan, TS; Newman, HF; Stenning, S; Ward, R; Workman, P, 1991)	0.55
"To develop dosing criteria for the use of L-buthionine-S-sulfoximine (active diastereoisomer) as a glutathione depletor in the clinic, using a pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic in vitro-in vivo approach."	( Pharmacodynamics of prolonged treatment with L,S-buthionine sulfoximine. Bump, EA; Coleman, CN; Griffith, OW; Hurwitz, SJ; Lai, LL; Malaker, K; Riese, N, 1994)	0.29
" In the present study, the in vivo radiosensitizing activity of KU-2285 in combination with radiation dose fractionation, and the pharmacokinetics of cumulative dosing of KU-2285 in the peripheral nerves were examined."	( Radiosensitizing activity and pharmacokinetics of multiple dose administered KU-2285 in peripheral nerve tissue in mice. Abe, M; Iwai, H; Matsuno, E; Sasai, K; Shibamoto, Y, 1994)	0.29
" At low, therapeutically relevant radiation doses, where 2-nitroimidazoles are less efficient sensitizers, the preincubation effect may be even more important, but thiol depletion still minimizes its impact in this region of the dose-response curve."	( Enhanced radiation-sensitivity by preincubation with nitroimidazoles: effect of glutathione depletion. Koch, CJ; Skov, KA, 1994)	0.29
" We observed the release characteristics of etanidazole in the dosage forms of microspheres and discs, subjected to different preparation conditions."	( PEG modulated release of etanidazole from implantable PLGA/PDLA discs. Lee, T; Wang, CH; Wang, F, 2002)	0.88
" At a dosage of 50 Gy (total dosage during a radiotherapy treatment period) showed no apparent effects on the tri-phase release profile."	( Sustained release system for highly water-soluble radiosensitizer drug etanidazole: irradiation and degradation studies. Wang, CH; Wang, J; Yip, EY, 2003)	0.55

Role	Description
antineoplastic agent	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
prodrug	A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
alkylating agent	Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases.
radiosensitizing agent	A drug that makes increases the sensitivity of tumour cells to radiation therapy.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
imidazoles	A five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.
C-nitro compound	A nitro compound having the nitro group (-NO2) attached to a carbon atom.
monocarboxylic acid amide	A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	0.2371	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521
activating transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.2131	0.1434	27.6121	59.8106	AID1159516
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.0119	0.0025	5.8400	31.6228	AID899
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.2589	0.0100	39.5371	1,122.0200	AID1479
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.5012	0.2512	15.8432	39.8107	AID504327
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1487
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (71)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1454814	Hypoxia radiosensitization activity in human HCT116 cells assessed as sensitizer enhancement ratio by measuring ratio of radiation dose for 1% survival in absence to presence of compound at 1 mM preincubated for 1 hr followed by irradiation measured after	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID1454865	Drug level in NIH-III mouse assessed as maximum achievable dose at 10 ml/kg, iv	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID1454878	Tmax in tumor of NIH-III mouse xenografted with human HCT116 cells at 2.20 mmol/kg, iv administered as single dose by HPLC analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID408779	Radiosensitizing activity in mouse EMT6/KU cells assessed as enhancement ratio reducing surviving fraction of cells at 1 mM after 5 to 7 days	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 16, Issue:11	Design of antiangiogenic hypoxic cell radiosensitizers: 2-nitroimidazoles containing a 2-aminomethylene-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione moiety.
AID1454887	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells at anoxic IC50 incubated for 1 hr at 21 degC by sulforhodamine B assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID1454862	Toxicity in NIH-III mouse xenografted with human HCT116 cells assessed as change in body weight with 15 Gy radiation at 2.20 mmol/kg, iv administered as single dose	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID1454882	In vivo hypoxia radiosensitization activity in human HCT116 cells xenografted in NIH-III mouse assessed as survival ratio by measuring ratio of cell survival with 12.5 Gy radiation in absence to presence of compound at 2.20 mmol/kg, iv pretreated as singl	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1454801	Hypoxia radiosensitization activity in human HCT116 cells assessed as survival ratio by measuring ratio of cell survival with 15 Gy radiation in absence to presence of compound at anoxic IC50 preincubated for 1 hr followed by 15 Gy irradiation measured af	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID1454866	Cmax in plasma of NIH-III mouse xenografted with human HCT116 cells at 2.20 mmol/kg, iv administered as single dose by HPLC analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1454845	Hypoxia radiosensitization activity in human HCT116 cells assessed as survival ratio by measuring ratio of cell survival with radiation in absence to presence of compound at 1 mM preincubated for 1 hr followed by 6 to 29 Gy irradiation measured after 10 d	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID1454797	Solubility of the compound in alphaMEM containing 5% FCS and 1% DMSO by HPLC analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID689771	Antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv isolate ITR after 7 days by luminescence spectrometry	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	Discovery and optimization of benzotriazine di-N-oxides targeting replicating and nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1454888	Electrophilicity of the compound in pH 7 phosphate buffer assessed as one-electron reduction potential	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID1454827	Hypoxia radiosensitization activity in human HCT116 cells assessed as survival ratio by measuring ratio of cell survival with radiation in absence to presence of compound at 1 mM preincubated for 1 hr followed by 6 to 29 Gy irradiation measured after 10 d	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID689770	Antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv isolate SRI after 5 days by resazurin-based microplate assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	Discovery and optimization of benzotriazine di-N-oxides targeting replicating and nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1454798	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells incubated for 4 hrs under anaerobic condition measured after 5 days by sulforhodamine B assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID1454800	Hypoxia radiosensitization activity in human HCT116 cells assessed as sensitizer enhancement ratio by measuring ratio of radiation dose for 1% survival in absence to presence of compound at 1 mM preincubated for 1 hr followed by irradiation measured after	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID1454874	Cmax in tumor of NIH-III mouse xenografted with human HCT116 cells at 2.20 mmol/kg, iv administered as single dose by HPLC analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID689773	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by CellTiterGlo assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	Discovery and optimization of benzotriazine di-N-oxides targeting replicating and nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1454870	Tmax in plasma of NIH-III mouse xenografted with human HCT116 cells at 2.20 mmol/kg, iv administered as single dose by HPLC analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID1454799	Hypoxic cytotoxicity ratio of IC50 for human HCT116 cells under oxic condition to IC50 for human HCT116 cells under anoxic condition	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-08, Volume: 61, Issue:3	Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides.
AID689772	Antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv incubated for 10 days in anaerobic condition followed by 48 hrs incubation in aerobic condition by LORA assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-12, Volume: 55, Issue:13	Discovery and optimization of benzotriazine di-N-oxides targeting replicating and nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299	A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	82 (26.11)	18.7374
1990's	111 (35.35)	18.2507
2000's	71 (22.61)	29.6817
2010's	41 (13.06)	24.3611
2020's	9 (2.87)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	49 (15.03%)	5.53%
Reviews	18 (5.52%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	259 (79.45%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Assessment of Hypoxia in Malignant Gliomas Using EF5 [NCT00430079]		48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Administratively complete.)
Microenvironment: Imaging/Implications in Brain Tumors; A Preliminary Investigation of the Biodistribution of [F-18]-EF5 in Patients With Brain Tumors [NCT00110032]	Phase 1	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-06-30	Terminated(stopped due to Administratively complete.)
The Detection of Tumor Hypoxia and Vascularity in Patients Undergoing Intraperitoneal Photodynamic Therapy [NCT00028782]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-10-31	Terminated(stopped due to Administratively complete.)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.	1.96	1	0	3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body	metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.08	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	1.96	1	0	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.11	5	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dihydroxyacetone phosphate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate: An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.. dihydroxyacetone phosphate : A member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent.	1.96	1	0	glycerone phosphates; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethanolamine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0	glycerol monophosphate	algal metabolite; human metabolite
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	1.99	1	0	imidazole
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.41	2	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
thymine [no description available]	3.07	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	1.99	1	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	4.86	2	1	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	2	1	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	3.07	5	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
celecoxib [no description available]	2	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	3.06	1	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	1.99	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	8.37	1	1	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.4	2	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
ifosfamide [no description available]	9.06	3	1	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.07	1	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
lomustine [no description available]	4.16	5	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	2	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	6.79	6	2	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	1.97	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	1.97	1	0	aziridines
trimetrexate Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.	3.07	1	0
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	8.37	1	1	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
idoxuridine [no description available]	2	1	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	2.38	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	1.96	1	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	2.01	1	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	1.97	1	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
4-nitroacetophenone 4-nitroacetophenone : A member of the class of acetophenones that is acetophenone substituted at the para-position by a nitro group.	1.96	1	0	acetophenones; C-nitro compound
phenylhydrazine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	phenylhydrazines	xenobiotic
diethanolamine diethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. diethanolamine : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.	1.99	1	0	ethanolamines	human xenobiotic metabolite
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.01	1	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	2	1	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	2.39	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	3.07	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
phorone phorone: an industrial solvent; structure	1.96	1	0	dialkenyl ketone
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	1.97	1	0	thiazolidine
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	14.75	145	22	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	2.37	2	0
deoxycytidine [no description available]	3.07	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine [no description available]	3.37	1	1
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	1.98	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	1.98	1	0
1-methyl-2-nitroimidazole [no description available]	1.96	1	0
methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .	5.08	14	0	methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	5.21	16	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
nimorazole Nimorazole: An antitrichomonal agent which is effective either topically or orally and whose urinary metabolites are also trichomonicidal.	5.17	3	1	C-nitro compound; imidazoles
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	3.11	1	0	manganese group element atom
misonidazole Misonidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.	11.75	69	7
desmethylmisonidazole [no description available]	8.88	13	5
fluorides [no description available]	2.08	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
18-crown-6 18-crown-6 : A crown ether that is cyclooctadecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.	2	1	0	crown ether; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	phase-transfer catalyst
fludarabine phosphate fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.	3.07	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.01	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
benzonidazole benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.	4.85	2	1	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antiprotozoal drug
vidarabine phosphate Vidarabine Phosphate: An adenosine monophosphate analog in which ribose is replaced by an arabinose moiety. It is the monophosphate ester of VIDARABINE with antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties.	3.07	1	0
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	4.03	4	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	9.34	2	2	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	3.07	1	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
bezafibrate [no description available]	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
etofylline clofibrate etofylline clofibrate: whole issue; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	oxopurine
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	3.07	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	3.07	1	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
fazarabine fazarabine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-arabinofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. A synthetic analogue of cytosine arabinoside and 5-azacytidine that incorporates structural features of both compounds, it shows good activity against a variety of transplanted tumors.	3.07	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
fialuridine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
pimonidazole pimonidazole: structure given in first source	11.9	44	9
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
gusperimus gusperimus: synthesized by chemical modification of spergualin; in combination with cyclosporin A prevents diabetes in predisposed NOD mice; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (-)-isomer trihydrochloride	3.07	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
flavone acetic acid flavone acetic acid: structure given in first source	3.07	1	0
brequinar brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.	3.07	1	0	biphenyls; monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
crisnatol crisnatol: structure given in first source	3.07	1	0
sulofenur sulofenur: a diarylsulfonylurea	3.07	1	0
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	3.07	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
carbogen carbogen: mixture of 95% O2 & 5% CO2	3.09	5	0
2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: analog of 5-oxoproline in which the 4-methylene moiety is replaced by sulfur; acts as 5-oxo-L-prolinase substrate; structure in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; Procysteine is a trade name	1.97	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.93	3	0	1,2,3-triazole
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	2.53	2	0	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
tretazicar tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84)	1.96	1	0
fluoromisonidazole [no description available]	2.68	3	0
sr 2555 [no description available]	4.44	7	0
phosphoramide mustard [no description available]	3.37	1	1	nitrogen mustard; phosphorodiamide
4-hydroxycyclophosphamide 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide: primary activation metabolite of cyclophosphamide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide : A phosphorodiamide that consists of 2-amino-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-4-ol 2-oxide having two 2-chloroethyl groups attached to the exocyclic nitrogen.	3.37	1	1	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; phosphorodiamide	alkylating agent; metabolite
1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-aziridino-2-propanol 1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-aziridino-2-propanol: structure given in first source	6.77	6	2
4-hydroxypyrazole [no description available]	1.96	1	0
1-(2-nitro-1-imidazoly)-3-(2,3-dimethylaziridino)-2-propanol [no description available]	1.97	1	0
rb 6145 RB 6145: structure given in first source; prodrug to RSU 1069; PD 144872 is the R-enantiomer of RB 6145	1.99	1	0
rp 170 RP 170: structure given in first source	3.36	7	0
9-(3-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)propylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine 9-(3-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)propylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
calcium borate calcium borate: RN given refers to cpd with MF CaB4O7	2	1	0
2-nitroimidazole-1-acetohydroxamic acid [no description available]	3.76	3	0
atrasentan Atrasentan: A pyrrolidine and benzodioxole derivative that acts a RECEPTOR, ENDOTHELIN A antagonist. It has therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent and for the treatment of DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES.	2.05	1	0	pyrrolidines
doranidazole doranidazole: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
technetium tc 99m pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.	2	1	0
roxifiban roxifiban: structure in first source	2	1	0
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.03	1	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
nogalamycin Nogalamycin: An anthrocycline from a Streptomyces nogalater variant. It is a cytolytic antineoplastic that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis by binding to DNA.. nogalamycin : An anthracycline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces nogalater. It is a DNA intercalator and exhibits anticancer properties.	3.07	1	0
menogaril Menogaril: A semisynthetic anthracycline with the amino sugar on the D ring. It displays broad-spectrum antineoplastic activity against a variety of tumors.	3.07	1	0
ku 2285 KU 2285: structure given in first source	3.59	9	0
2-(2-nitro-1h-imidazol-1-yl)-n-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)acetamide 2-(2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)acetamide: a pentafluorinated derivative of etanidazole	13.22	87	5
carboplatin [no description available]	5.03	5	2
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	3.07	1	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	2	1	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	3.07	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	6.25	11	1	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
didimethylsulfoxide dichloroplatinum(ii) [no description available]	1.97	1	0
diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.	2.65	3	0	ethyl ester; maleate ester	glutathione depleting agent
furylfuramide Furylfuramide: Used formerly as antimicrobial food additive. It causes mutations in many cell cultures and may be carcinogenic.. (Z)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide : A member of the class of acrylamides that is acrylamide which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 2-furyl and 5-nitro-2-furyl groups, respectively (the trans isomer). Formerly used as a food preservative, it was withdrawn from the market following suspicions of carcenogenicity.	1.98	1	0	acrylamides; C-nitro compound; nitrofuran antibiotic; primary carboxamide
furazolidone [no description available]	2.07	1	0
mitoguazone Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.	3.07	1	0	guanidines; hydrazone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	3.06	1	0
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	1.97	1	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
3,3'-diheptyloxycarbocyanine [no description available]	2	1	0
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	2.7	3	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
1-(4'-hydroxy-2'-butenoxy)methyl-2-nitroimidazole 1-(4'-hydroxy-2'-butenoxy)methyl-2-nitroimidazole: structure given in first source	3.99	4	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	2.07	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	2.05	1	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
perfosfamide [no description available]	1.99	1	0
pr-104a PR-104A: 3,5-dinitrobenzamide nitrogen mustard, an alkyating antineoplastic; PR-104A is the corresponding alcohol of PR104	2.15	1	0
pr-104 PR-104: 3,5-dinitrobenzamide nitrogen mustard, an alkyating antineoplastic; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	2.11	1	0
arabinofuranosyluracil Arabinofuranosyluracil: A pyrimidine nucleoside formed in the body by the deamination of CYTARABINE.	2.04	1	0
5-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propoxy cyclophosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline n-oxide 5-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propoxy cyclophosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye	2.92	4	0
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	1.99	1	0
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	3.38	1	1	organosulfonic acid
echinomycin Echinomycin: A cytotoxic polypeptide quinoxaline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces echinatus that binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis.	3.07	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	2	1	0
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
3-fluoro-2-(4-((2-nitro-1h-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1h-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol 3-fluoro-2-(4-((2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol: a radiosensitizing agent used for PET imaging of hypoxia; structure in first source	3.17	1	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	9.61	8	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
cyanine dye 3 cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source	2.41	2	0
eye [no description available]	1.96	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.05	1	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	2.06	1	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	2.07	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	12.62	44	15
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	12.62	44	15
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.13	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.54	8	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	9.64	36	1
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	4.79	7	1
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	14.64	36	1
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	4.79	7	1
Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.27	6	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.27	6	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	2.25	1	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	9.79	24	10
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	9.79	24	10
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	6.6	6	2
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	3.28	6	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	5.33	7	2
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2.08	1	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	5.33	7	2
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	3.23	6	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	8.23	6	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	7.63	19	9
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	4.09	3	1
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	7.63	19	9
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	7.69	14	5
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	4.29	7	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	9.13	42	2
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	12.69	14	5
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	4.29	7	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	3.38	2	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	3.38	2	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	4.72	2	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.84	4	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	4.72	2	1
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	7.97	14	4
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	6.32	5	3
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	7.97	14	4
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	6.32	5	3
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	3.25	6	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	3.25	6	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	6.74	12	2
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	6.74	12	2
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.06	1	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	2.41	2	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.01	1	0
Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	4.35	2	2
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	4.35	2	2
Brain Stem Neoplasms Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.	3.4	1	1
Anasarca [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.01	1	0
Cancer of Muscle [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	9.13	16	0
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.	2.02	1	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	4.72	2	1
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	4.07	3	1
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	5.7	4	1
Appendiceal Cancer [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Appendiceal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the APPENDIX.	2.02	1	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	4.07	3	1
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	5.7	4	1
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	2.02	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	3.1	5	0
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.	2.02	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	3.1	5	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.03	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	3.78	11	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Cancer of Oropharnyx [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	2.03	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.4	2	0
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.	2.03	1	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.7	3	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.04	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	5.65	5	4
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	5.65	5	4
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	4.97	3	3
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	4.97	3	3
Canine Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	3.48	8	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	6.68	9	7
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	3.37	1	1
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	6.68	9	7
Kahler Disease [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	8.37	1	1
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	1.98	1	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	1.98	1	0
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	3.37	1	1
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	3.37	1	1
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	1.99	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2	1	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	2	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2	1	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	2	1	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	2	1	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	2	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2	1	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.31	1	1
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.01	1	0
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.01	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available]	3.36	1	1
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.	3.36	1	1
Cancer, Second Primary [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	1.97	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	1.97	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Eye [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	1.96	1	0

etanidazole

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (95)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (6)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (71)

Research

Studies (314)

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Research Demand Index: 17.79

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Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

etanidazole

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (95)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (6)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (71)

Research

Studies (314)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 17.79

Study Types

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (142)

Related Conditions (149)