14-hydroxyclarithromycin profile

14-hydroxyclarithromycin is a major metabolite of clarithromycin, an antibiotic in the macrolide class. It has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity against a range of bacteria, including Helicobacter pylori, which is responsible for peptic ulcers. Its synthesis involves the oxidation of clarithromycin at the 14-position. Studies have shown that 14-hydroxyclarithromycin exhibits similar antibacterial activity to clarithromycin, but with potentially improved pharmacokinetic properties. The compound's importance lies in its potential for developing new and effective treatments for bacterial infections, particularly those resistant to conventional antibiotics. Research on 14-hydroxyclarithromycin focuses on understanding its pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and potential clinical applications. These studies are driven by the need to find novel and effective therapies against emerging antibiotic resistance.'

14-hydroxyclarithromycin: major metabolite of A 56268; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	84020
CHEMBL ID	3544830
CHEBI ID	189888
MeSH ID	M0157775

Synonym
14-hydroxyclarithromycin
CHEBI:189888
110671-78-8
(3r,4s,5s,6r,7r,9r,11r,12r,13s,14r)-6-[(2s,3r,4s,6r)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-12,13-dihydroxy-14-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-[(2r,4r,5s,6s)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-7-methoxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecan
14-oh-clarithromycin
14-hydroxy-6-0-methylerthromycin a
14-hydroxy-6-o-methylerythromycin
unii-cdj36rhc67
erythromycin, 14-hydroxy-6-o-methyl-
cdj36rhc67 ,
a-62671
CHEMBL3544830
14-hydroxy-6-o-methyl-erythromycin
DTXSID50892932
antibiotic a 62671

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

An in vitro pharmacodynamic chamber model (PDCM) was used to generate bacterial time-kill curves for clarithromycin and 14-hydroxyclarithromyin against Haemophilus influenzae at three pH values: 7.5, 91-183, and 1746.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Because the differences in parent and metabolite pharmacokinetic parameters were small and the increase in circulating drug concentrations was well tolerated (no increase in incidence or severity of adverse events), adjustments in clarithromycin dosing regimens may not be necessary solely on the basis of age."	( Clarithromycin pharmacokinetics in healthy young and elderly volunteers. Chu, SY; Craft, C; Guay, DR; Wilson, DS, 1992)	0.28
"An in vitro pharmacodynamic model was used to simulate the in vivo pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and 14-hydroxyclarithromycin in order to generate time-kill curves for three clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (isolates 2019, 91-183, and 1746)."	( Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin and 14-hydroxyclarithromycin against three strains of Haemophilus influenzae by using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Larsson, AJ; Rotschafer, JC; Walker, KJ; Zabinski, RA, 1994)	0.74
"The pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of clarithromycin (C) and its 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin (HC) metabolite were determined after a multiple-dose oral clarithromycin regimen (250 mg twice daily for five doses) in six healthy subjects and seven patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Pugh grades B and C)."	( Effect of moderate or severe hepatic impairment on clarithromycin pharmacokinetics. Chu, SY; Decourt, JP; Fourtillan, JB; Girault, J; Granneman, GR; Pichotta, PJ, 1993)	0.29
" Analysis of the patients indicated that the addition of steady-state concentrations of zafirlukast did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of or overall exposure (based on the area under the concentration-time curve) to azithromycin, clarithromycin, and 14-OHC."	( Lack of effect of zafirlukast on the pharmacokinetics of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and 14-hydroxyclarithromycin in healthy volunteers. Amsden, GW; Garey, KW; Godo, PG; Nafziger, AN; Peloquin, CA, 1999)	0.52
"This study investigated the steady-state pharmacokinetic interaction between the HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir (TMC114), administered with low-dose ritonavir (darunavir/ritonavir), and clarithromycin in HIV-negative healthy volunteers."	( Darunavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics following coadministration with clarithromycin in healthy volunteers. De Paepe, E; De Pauw, M; Hoetelmans, RM; Lefebvre, E; Sekar, VJ; Spinosa-Guzman, S; Vangeneugden, T, 2008)	0.35

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The relative bioavailability was evaluated by comparing area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of the pure CLM with that of its cyclodextrin-citric acid ternary complexes those were filled into hard gelatin capsules."	( Bioavailability of clarithromycin cyclodextrin ternary complexes upon oral administration to healthy beagle dogs. Chen, X; Li, S; Zhang, X; Zhong, D; Zou, M, 2008)	0.35
" After RIF comedication, relative bioavailability of CLR decreased by more than 90%."	( Oral absorption of clarithromycin is nearly abolished by chronic comedication of rifampicin in foals. Block, W; Freyer, J; Grube, M; Kroemer, HK; Lämmer, M; Lütjohann, D; Oswald, S; Peters, J; Siegmund, W; Venner, M, 2011)	0.37

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Because the differences in parent and metabolite pharmacokinetic parameters were small and the increase in circulating drug concentrations was well tolerated (no increase in incidence or severity of adverse events), adjustments in clarithromycin dosing regimens may not be necessary solely on the basis of age."	( Clarithromycin pharmacokinetics in healthy young and elderly volunteers. Chu, SY; Craft, C; Guay, DR; Wilson, DS, 1992)	0.28
" Food intake immediately before dosing increased the extent of absorption from the 500-mg tablet formulation by approximately 25%."	( Drug-food interaction potential of clarithromycin, a new macrolide antimicrobial. Cavanaugh, JC; Chu, S; Locke, C; Park, Y; Wilson, DS, 1992)	0.28
" Otherwise, no dosage adjustment for C appears necessary for subjects with moderate or severe hepatic impairment provided that renal function is not impaired."	( Effect of moderate or severe hepatic impairment on clarithromycin pharmacokinetics. Chu, SY; Decourt, JP; Fourtillan, JB; Girault, J; Granneman, GR; Pichotta, PJ, 1993)	0.29
" Twelve healthy subjects were administered single doses of clarithromycin alone and with oral cimetidine dosed to steady state."	( Oral cimetidine prolongs clarithromycin absorption. Amsden, GW; Cheng, KL; Nafziger, AN; Peloquin, CA, 1998)	0.3

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Class	Description
aminoglycoside
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	3 (5.45)	18.7374
1990's	37 (67.27)	18.2507
2000's	10 (18.18)	29.6817
2010's	4 (7.27)	24.3611
2020's	1 (1.82)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	14 (23.73%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	45 (76.27%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.04	1	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	3.39	1	1	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	3.38	1	1	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.39	2	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	2.39	2	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	1.99	1	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	3.38	1	1	carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	5.71	20	1	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	10.2	6	2	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	9.93	55	13	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
cholest-5-ene-3,4-diol cholest-5-ene-3,4-diol: RN given refers to (3beta,4beta)-isomer	2.06	1	0
win 57273 Win 57273: bactericidal for Legionella pneumophila	1.98	1	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	1.99	1	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	4.31	1	1	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	3.43	1	1	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	3.43	1	1	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.04	1	0	cyclodextrin
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	4.63	3	2	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	6.99	1	0	metal atom; pnictogen
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	3.39	1	1	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	2.4	2	0
bismuth tripotassium dicitrate bismuth tripotassium dicitrate: contains tripotassium di-citratobismuthate used in gastric & duodenal ulcer therapy; do not confuse with colloidal bismuth subnitrate	1.99	1	0
bismuth subsalicylate bismuth subsalicylate: bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient of Pepto-Bismol and in Kaopectate; used to treat nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea and other temporary discomforts of the stomach; used with Azoles and other drugs to treat Helicobacter. bismuth subsalicylate : A bismuth salt of salicylic acid.	6.99	1	0
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2	1	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	6.98	1	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	1.99	1	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	4.55	5	1	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
25-deacetylrifampicin 25-deacetylrifampicin: main metabolite of rifampin in biological fluids; structure in first source	4.14	3	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Equine Diseases [description not available]	3.45	1	1
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	4.36	2	2
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	4.36	2	2
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.08	1	0
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.	1.98	1	0
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	1.98	1	0
Middle Ear Effusion [description not available]	4.63	3	2
Otitis Media with Effusion Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.	4.63	3	2
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	1.98	1	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	3.37	1	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	3.79	2	1
Convalescence The period of recovery following an illness.	2	1	0
Community Acquired Infection [description not available]	2	1	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	2	1	0
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	2	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	1.98	1	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	2.67	3	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	1.98	1	0
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	1.98	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	1.97	1	0
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	1.97	1	0

14-hydroxyclarithromycin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (15)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Research

Studies (55)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.33

Study Types

14-hydroxyclarithromycin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (15)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Research

Studies (55)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.33

Study Types

Related Drugs (30)

Related Conditions (26)