Compounds > nitidine
Page last updated: 2024-12-05

nitidine

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Description

nitidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym NSC 146397 refers to chloride; structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID4501
CHEMBL ID176008
CHEBI ID7578
SCHEMBL ID8014101
MeSH IDM0061508

Synonyms (30)

Synonym
NCIMECH_000542 ,
nsc 146397
NEURO_000081 ,
2,3-dimethoxy-12-methyl-[1,3]benzodioxolo[5,6-c]phenanthridin-12-ium
(1,3)benzodioxolo(5,6-c)phenanthridinium, 2,3-dimethoxy-12-methyl-
2,3-dimethoxy-12-methyl-9h-phenanthridino[4',3'-2,1]benzo[4,5-d]1,3-dioxolane
nitidine
6872-57-7
C09595
NCI60_000995
AC1L1IB4 ,
bdbm50017566
chebi:7578 ,
CHEMBL176008
CCG-35985
933301178z ,
unii-933301178z
FT-0686666
AKOS015904022
nitidine cation
nitidine ion
nitidin
DTXSID60218846
SCHEMBL8014101
AC-34413
[1,3]benzodioxolo[5,6-c]phenanthridinium, 2,3-dimethoxy-12-methyl-
Q15425772
NCGC00482764-03
[1,3]benzodioxolo[5,6-c]phenanthridinium,2,3-dimethoxy-12-methyl-
E80662

Research Excerpts

Overview

Nitidine is a bioactive plant benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum nitidum. Nitidine chloride (NC) is a natural bioactive phytochemical alkaloids that has displayed anticancer activity in various types of cancer.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Nitidine chloride (NC) is a standard active component from the traditional Chinese medicine Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. "( Nitidine chloride induces cardiac hypertrophy in mice by targeting autophagy-related 4B cysteine peptidase.
Cui, H; Feng, J; Hong, Y; Jiang, LT; Kopylov, P; Li, Y; Liu, H; Lou, H; Wang, L; Wang, Q; Xie, MZ; Xu, HH; Xu, RC; Xu, WQ; Zhang, Y, 2023)		3.8
"Nitidine is a bioactive plant benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum nitidum. "( Diverse Therapeutic Potential of Nitidine, A Comprehensive Review.
Hadda, TB; Khan, H; Touzani, R, 2018)		2.2
"Nitidine chloride (NC) is a pharmacologically active alkaloid with polyaromatic hydrocarbon found in the roots of"( Nitidine Chloride-Induced CYP1 Enzyme Inhibition and Alteration of Estradiol Metabolism.
Li, Y; Lin, H; Mao, X; Peng, Y; Wang, J; Wang, Q; Yang, L; Zheng, J, 2019)		2.68
"Nitidine chloride (NC) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid that has been reported as an antitumor agent due to its its inhibitory effects on topoisomerase I."( Nitidine chloride inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in vivo through the suppression of the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Cai, QY; Liao, J; Lin, JM; Peng, J; Xu, T; Yu, DB; Zheng, JX, 2013)		2.55
"Nitidine chloride (NC) is a natural bioactive alkaloid that has recently been reported to have diverse anticancer properties."( Nitidine chloride induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and synergistic cytotoxicity with doxorubicin in breast cancer cells.
Cai, C; Cun, J; Li, Y; Lv, S; Sun, M; Wang, X; Yang, Q; Zhang, N, 2014)		2.57
"Nitidine chloride (NC) is a natural bioactive phytochemical alkaloid that has displayed anticancer activity in various types of cancer. "( Nitidine chloride inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by suppressing the ERK signaling pathway.
Hu, S; Jiang, L; Liu, H; Liu, T; Sui, M; Wang, F; Wang, X; Wu, G; Zhai, H; Zhang, Y, 2016)		3.32
"Nitidine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, which has been shown to have anti-tumor properties. "( Nitidine Chloride inhibits breast cancer cells migration and invasion by suppressing c-Src/FAK associated signaling pathway.
Du, B; Han, H; Li, R; Li, Z; Liu, J; Liu, M; Pan, X; Qian, M; Wang, L; Yang, L; Zhao, Q, 2011)		3.25

Effects

Nitidine chloride (NC) has been demonstrated to have an anticancer effect in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Nitidine chloride has obvious therapeutic effects on DSS induced mouse colitis, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism is related to the down-regulation of miR-31 expression.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Nitidine chloride (NC) has been demonstrated to have an anticancer effect in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). "( High throughput circRNA sequencing analysis reveals novel insights into the mechanism of nitidine chloride against hepatocellular carcinoma.
Chen, G; Dang, YW; Feng, ZB; Fu, HX; He, RQ; Lai, ZF; Liu, LM; Luo, DZ; Qin, Y; Wu, HY; Xiong, DD, 2019)		2.18
"Nitidine chloride has obvious therapeutic effects on DSS induced mouse colitis, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism is related to the down-regulation of miR-31 expression."( Effects of nitidine chloride on ulcerative colitis in mice and its mechanism
Cui, XL; Liu, KL; Liu, X; Wang, CF; Wu, YL, 2019)		2.35
"Nitidine chloride (NC) has displayed anti-tumor effects in various types of cancer. "( Nitidine chloride efficiently induces autophagy and apoptosis in melanoma cells via AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.
Hu, M; Huang, X; Li, K; Luo, F; Zhu, H, 2020)		3.44
"Nitidine chloride (NC) has been reported to exert its anti-tumor activity in various types of human cancers. "( Nitidine chloride inhibited the expression of S phase kinase-associated protein 2 in ovarian cancer cells.
Guo, P; Jiang, J; Li, X; Mou, H; Wang, L; Wang, Q; Yuan, Z; Zhang, C, 2017)		3.34
"Nitidine Chloride (NC) has been shown to have anti-cancer effects on various tumors. "( Nitidine chloride inhibits renal cancer cell metastasis via suppressing AKT signaling pathway.
Fang, Z; Guo, Z; Jiao, W; Liu, Z; Shi, B; Tang, Y; Wang, W; Xing, Z; Xu, Z, 2013)		3.28
"Nitidine chloride (NC) has been demonstrated to exert anti-tumor effects on various types of tumor. "( Nitidine chloride inhibits ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion by suppressing MMP-2/9 production via the ERK signaling pathway.
Chen, Y; Li, B; Lin, L; Liu, R; Liu, T; Mou, K; Song, H; Sun, X; Wang, Z; Xu, J, 2016)		3.32

Actions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Nitidine chloride can inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 by inducing cell apoptosis, the mechanism of which might be related with the activation of the caspase-dependent pathway."( [Nitidine chloride-induced apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells and its mechanism].
Li, ZX; Xu, Q; Ye, ZM, 2011)		2.72

Treatment

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Nitidine chloride treatment for 48 consecutive hours exhibited a timedependent and dose-dependent growth inhibition activity against AML cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. "( Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Induction Activity of Nitidine Chloride on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
Dong, X; Ji, C; Ji, M; Li, P; Li, W; Li, Z; Liu, Z; Ma, D; Qiu, Y; Wang, H; Wang, XL; Yan, S; Ye, J; Zhang, J, 2018)		2.17

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Both compounds have toxic effects but no statistically significant increase in the frequency of spots was detected with the analogue of nitidine chloride."( Evaluation of genotoxicity of the indenoisoquinoline analogues of fagaronine and nitidine in Drosophila melanogaster.
Narváez, Z; Pérez-Chiesa, Y, 1993)		0.71
"To develop a novel anti-cancer drug of low side effect against lung adenocarcinoma, the authors screened the bioresources of Okinawa Island, Japan."( Tumor-selective cytotoxicity of benzo[c]phenanthridine derivatives from Toddalia asiatica Lam.
Iwasaki, H; Okabe, T; Oku, H; Shimatani, M; Takara, K; Toda, T, 2010)		0.36

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" of 4 and 6 mg x kg(-1) were shown to fit a two-compartment model, the main pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant difference between the low and high dosage, and the AUC values are directly relative to doses."( [Studies on pharmacokinetics of nitidine chloride in rabbits].
Huang, H; Li, D; Liu, H; Wang, X; Ye, D, 2009)		0.64

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Consistent with the earlier findings, nitidine chloride inhibited gastric tumor cell growth and induced tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and effectively suppressed the volume, weight, and microvessel density of human SGC-7901 gastric solid tumors (n = 8) at a dosage of 7 mg/kg/d (intraperitoneal injection)."( Inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathway by nitidine chloride suppressed the angiogenesis and growth of human gastric cancer.
Chen, J; Chen, Y; He, L; Lin, L; Liu, M; Pang, X; Wang, J; Wu, Y; Yi, Z; Zhang, L, 2012)		0.91
" NC suppressed tumor growth in vivo at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day."( Targeting X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck: A novel therapeutic strategy using nitidine chloride.
Cho, SD; Choi, SY; Hong, SD; Jung, JY; Kim, SH; Kwon, HJ; Ryu, MH; Shin, JA; Yang, IH; Yoo, ES; Yoon, K, 2020)		0.76
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
phenanthridinesAny dibenzopyridine based on the skeleton of phenanthridine and its substituted derivatives thereof.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1,340.00000.00060.00060.0006AID1152199
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (8)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
kidney developmentAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
amino acid metabolic processAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substanceAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
gene expressionAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid metabolic processAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine biosynthetic processAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin biosynthetic processAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
catecholamine metabolic processAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (6)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase activityAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
pyridoxal phosphate bindingAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan decarboxylase activityAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
L-dopa decarboxylase activityAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (3)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cytosolAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (2)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1152199Inhibition of recombinant human DOPA decarboxylase assessed as inhibition of dopamine production after 30 mins by HPLC method2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12
Synthesis of 5-methyl phenanthridium derivatives: a new class of human DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors.
AID1872633Antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis incubated for 5 days by Alamar blue staining method2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 232Quinoline heterocyclic containing plant and marine candidates against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A systematic drug-ability investigation.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (92)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19905 (5.43)18.7374
1990's9 (9.78)18.2507
2000's7 (7.61)29.6817
2010's56 (60.87)24.3611
2020's15 (16.30)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 39.59

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index39.59 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.55 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.39 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index54.33 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (39.59)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews2 (2.13%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other92 (97.87%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
carbamates
[no description available]		7.0510amino-acid anion
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.0110halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.1110alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
berberine
[no description available]		3.520alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		3.0140benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		2.1310aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
sanguinarine
benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.		4.3960alkaloid antibiotic;
benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent
thymidine
[no description available]		1.9610pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		2.2110L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		1.9810ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.1110amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.2110erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
skimmianine
skimmianine: furanoquinoline alkaloid from Teclea (RUTACEAE)		2.0110alkaloid antibiotic;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
chrysene
chrysene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2252. chrysene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene found commonly in the coal tar.		1.9810ortho-fused polycyclic areneplant metabolite
liriodenine
liriodenine: structure given in first source. liriodenine : An oxoaporphine alkaloid that is 4,5,6,6a-tetradehydronoraporphin-7-one substituted by a methylenedioxy group across positions 1 and 2. It is isolated from Annona glabra and has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.		2.5820alkaloid antibiotic;
cyclic ketone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxacycle;
oxoaporphine alkaloid		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
ferrocin c
N-methyl-2-quinolone: structure in first source		2.4110
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		2.3110alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
coralyne
coralyne: RN given refers to parent cpd; at this time it is not known for which salt NSC-154890 is synonym; structure; DNA topoisomerse antagonist		7.6730isoquinolines
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		7.0610metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		7.4820copper group element atom;
elemental gold
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.2660delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
barium chloride
barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.		2.0110barium salt;
inorganic chloride		potassium channel blocker
fagaronine
fagaronine: structure		3.0950benzophenanthridine alkaloidmutagen
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		1.9910pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.1110D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		2.0210phenanthroline
dictamnine
dictamnine: furanoquinoline alkaloid; crosslinks DNA in presence of ultraviolet light		2.0610alkaloid antibiotic;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
sanguinarine chloride
[no description available]		2.110
tocophersolan
tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3110tocol
cryptolepine
cryptolepine: fused indole-quinoline; structure in first source; from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta. cryptolepine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline in which the hydrogen at position N-5 is replaced by a methyl group.		2.4110indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
dihydronitidine
dihydronitidine: molecular structure given in first source		2.0510
protoberberine
protoberberine: a benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline derivative that appears as an isoquinoline annelated (adjoined) with a naphthylene; the nitrogen is typically quarternary; nitidine is annelated differently; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.0610
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		2.1110methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
dihydrosanguinarine
[no description available]		2.110benzophenanthridine alkaloidantifungal agent;
metabolite
chelirubine
chelirubine: RN given refers to parent cpd. chelirubine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid that is sanguinarine bearing a methoxy substituent at position 10.		2.4110benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation
dicentrinone
dicentrinone: from Ocotea leucoxylon; structure in first source		2.4110
ascididemin
ascididemin: can be viewed as a fused phenanthroline with quinoline; from the Mediterranean ascidian Cystodytes dellechiajei; structure in first source		2.4110
neocryptolepine
neocryptolepine: isolated from the roots of the African plant Cryptolepis sanguinolenta; structure in first source		2.4110
ferruginol
ferruginol: structure in first source. ferruginol : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at positions 12.		2.110abietane diterpenoid;
carbotricyclic compound;
meroterpenoid;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite;
protective agent
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		2.110resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
cleistopholine
cleistopholine: structure in first source		2.4110
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		2.110stilbene
tetrahydropalmatine
[no description available]		2.1310
cytellin
cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982		2.1110
ellagic acid
[no description available]		2.110catechols;
cyclic ketone;
lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol		antioxidant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
4-hydroxyestradiol
4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.		2.21104-hydroxy steroidmetabolite
evocarpine
evocarpine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		2.4110quinolines
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		2.4110
arginine
Teniposide: A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.. teniposide : A furonaphthodioxole that is a synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with anti-tumour activity; causes single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA and DNA-protein cross-links and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding.		2.0110
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		2.0710
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.0810
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		7.3110folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant
[description not available]		02.4110
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		02.4110
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		02.4110
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.		02.4110
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		02.3110
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		02.3110
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		02.3110
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		03.95100
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		04.09120
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		03.95100
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		04.09120
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		07.610
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		02.610
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		07.610
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.610
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		02.610
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		02.610
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		07.610
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		02.8830
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		02.8830
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.2110
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		02.2110
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		02.2110
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		03.2550
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		02.2110
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		07.2110
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.2110
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.2110
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.2510
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		02.2510
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		07.2510
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		02.2510
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid
A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, and are readily cured by excision. The high-grade behave aggressively, widely infiltrate the salivary gland and produce lymph node and distant metastases. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas account for about 21% of the malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 10% of the sublingual gland. They are the most common malignant tumor of the parotid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240)		02.2510
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		02.2510
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		02.2510
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.2510
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.5220
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.2510
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.5220
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		02.6320
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		02.8830
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.8230
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		02.6320
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		02.8830
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.1510
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		02.1510
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		02.1710
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		02.1710
Babesia Infection
[description not available]		02.1710
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		02.1710
Corridor Disease
[description not available]		02.1710
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		02.1710
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.4120
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.1710
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.4120
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		02.4920
Metastase
[description not available]		02.0810
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		02.4920
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		02.0810
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.4920
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		07.4920
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.7230
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		02.7230
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.4920
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		02.1110
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		02.1110
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		02.1110
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		02.1110
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		02.1110
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		02.1110
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		07.1310
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.1310
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		02.4920
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.4920
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		02.4920
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4920
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		02.1310
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.0710
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.0710
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		01.9610
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		01.9610
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9610
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		01.9610
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		01.9810
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		01.9810
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		0210
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		0210
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		02.0110