imeglimin profile

imeglimin: a tetrahydrotriazine-containing oral antidiabetic [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	24812808
CHEMBL ID	4297514
SCHEMBL ID	2158106
SCHEMBL ID	14868241
SCHEMBL ID	22029979
MeSH ID	M0578468

Synonym
imeglimin [inn]
uu226qgu97 ,
(4r)-6-(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine
775351-65-0
unii-uu226qgu97
imeglimin
SCHEMBL2158106
emd-387008
imeglimin [who-dd]
HY-14771
CS-1751
DTXSID50228237
SCHEMBL14868241
A914497
DB12509
Q6003719
(r)-n2,n2,6-trimethyl-3,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine,1,6-dihydro-n,n,6-trimethyl-,(+)-(9ci)
emd 387008 (r-imeglimin) hcl
BCP11085
emd387008
emd 387008
NCGC00378621-02
emd 387008 hcl
(4r)-6-n,6-n,4-trimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,6-diamine
CHEMBL4297514
SCHEMBL22029979
(s)-n2,n2,6-trimethyl-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
AKOS040745212

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Imeglimin is a novel oral hypoglycemic agent that improves blood glucose levels through multiple mechanisms of action including the enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), however, the details of this mechanism have not been clarified. "	( A novel mechanism of imeglimin-mediated insulin secretion via the cADPR-TRP channel pathway. Dezaki, K; Funazaki, S; Hara, K; Kakei, M; Kawakami, M; Nagashima, S; Yamada, H; Yoshida, M, 2022)	2.48
"Imeglimin is a novel tetrahydrotriazine-containing drug suggested as a safe drug for glycemic management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). "	( Efficacy and safety of imeglimin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Abdelhaleem, IA; Alsabbagh, FA; Ebada, MA; Eid, AM; Hussien, HM; Mohamed, NI; Salamah, HM, )	1.88
"Imeglimin is a novel oral antidiabetic drug modulating mitochondrial functions. "	( Imeglimin Is Neuroprotective Against Ischemic Brain Injury in Rats-a Study Evaluating Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Functions. Borutaite, V; Cizas, P; Grigaleviciute, R; Jankeviciute, S; Pampuscenko, K; Rastenyte, D; Umbrasas, D; Zemgulyte, G, 2022)	3.61
"Imeglimin is a first-in-class novel oral antidiabetic marketed in Japan as TWYMEEG"	( Pharmacokinetics of Imeglimin in Caucasian and Japanese Healthy Subjects. Bolze, S; Chevalier, C; Fouqueray, P, 2022)	2.49
"Imeglimin is a new anti-diabetic drug commercialized in Japan (Twymeeg®) and has been drawing much attention in diabetes research area as well as in clinical practice. "	( Imeglimin exerts favorable effects on pancreatic β-cells by improving morphology in mitochondria and increasing the number of insulin granules. Fushimi, Y; Ikeda, T; Kaku, K; Kaneto, H; Kimura, T; Mune, T; Nakanishi, S; Nogami, Y; Obata, A; Obata, Y; Sanada, J; Shimoda, M; Yamasaki, Y, 2022)	3.61
"Imeglimin is a novel anti-hyperglycemic drug that improves both insulin resistance and insulin secretion. "	( Add-on imeglimin versus metformin dose escalation regarding glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor plus low-dose metformin: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, p Atsumi, T; Cho, KY; Kameda, H; Kurihara, H; Miya, A; Miyoshi, H; Nagai, S; Nakamura, A; Nomoto, H; Takahashi, A; Takeuchi, J; Taneda, S, 2022)	2.62
"Imeglimin is a recently launched antidiabetic drug structurally related to metformin. "	( Effects of imeglimin on mitochondrial function, AMPK activity, and gene expression in hepatocytes. Hozumi, K; Ishihara, N; Ishihara, T; Ogawa, W; Sugawara, K, 2023)	2.74
"Imeglimin is a novel new oral compound recently approved for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) in India. "	( Efficacy and safety of imeglimin in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Misra, A; Singh, A; Singh, AK; Singh, R, 2023)	2.66
"Imeglimin is a new antidiabetic drug structurally related to metformin. "	( Stimulatory effect of imeglimin on incretin secretion. Iwasaki, Y; Ogawa, W; Ohbayashi, K; Seino, S; Sugawara, K; Takahashi, H; Yingyue, Q; Yokoi, N, 2023)	2.67
"Imeglimin is a novel small molecular tetrahydrotriazine that has been shown to improve hyperglycemia in clinical trials among patients with type 2 diabetes. "	( Safety and Efficacy of Imeglimin for Type 2 Diabetes in Patients Undergoing Dialysis. Mima, A, )	1.88
"Imeglimin is a novel antidiabetic drug structurally related to metformin. "	( Imeglimin profoundly affects the circadian clock in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Abe, J; Ando, H; Fujiwara, H; Fujiwara, T; Jing, Z; Maida, Y; Mieda, M; Miura, K; Miyazaki, R; Morishige, JI; Nagata, N; Ono, M; Sakane, N; Shi, Y; Xu, P, 2023)	3.8
"Imeglimin is an oral antidiabetic agent currently in clinical development."	( Clinical pharmacology of imeglimin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Brønden, A; Christensen, MB; Johansson, KS; Knop, FK, 2020)	1.58
"Imeglimin is a promising antidiabetic agent that has shown to have significant antihyperglycemic effects in studies, although it has not been approved yet."	( Molecular Mechanisms by Which Imeglimin Improves Glucose Homeostasis. Jamialahmadi, T; Maleki, M; Sahebkar, A; Sathyapalan, T; Yaribeygi, H, 2020)	1.57
"Imeglimin is a novel oral antidiabetic drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes that targets mitochondrial bioenergetics. "	( In Vitro Investigation, Pharmacokinetics, and Disposition of Imeglimin, a Novel Oral Antidiabetic Drug, in Preclinical Species and Humans. Clémence, C; Fouqueray, P; Sébastien, B, 2020)	2.24
"Imeglimin is a novel oral antidiabetic drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, targeting the mitochondrial bioenergetics. "	( Pharmacokinetics of Imeglimin in Subjects with Moderate Hepatic Impairment. Bolze, S; Chevalier, C; Dubourg, J; Fouqueray, P, 2021)	2.39
"Imeglimin is an investigational first-in-class novel oral agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). "	( Mechanism of action of Imeglimin: A novel therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes. Bolze, S; Borel, AL; Fontaine, E; Fouqueray, P; Hallakou-Bozec, S; Kergoat, M; Moller, DE; Vial, G, 2021)	2.37
"Imeglimin is a first-in-class novel drug candidate that improves glycaemia and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in preclinical models and patients."	( Imeglimin preserves islet β-cell mass in Type 2 diabetic ZDF rats. Bolze, S; Hallakou-Bozec, S; Kergoat, M; Moller, DE, 2021)	2.79
"Imeglimin is a novel agent currently in development to treat type 2 diabetes. "	( Imeglimin: A Potential New Multi-Target Drug for Type 2 Diabetes. Brown, C; Chastain, LM; Maggu, GA; Vuylsteke, V, 2015)	3.3
"Imeglimin is a promising new oral antihyperglycemic agent that has been studied in clinical trials as a possible monotherapy or add-on therapy to lower fasting plasma glucose and improve hemoglobin A1c (1-3, 9). "	( Imeglimin lowers glucose primarily by amplifying glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in high-fat-fed rodents. Bolze, S; Cardone, RL; Fouqueray, P; Hallakou-Bozec, S; Kibbey, RG; Perry, RJ; Petersen, KF; Petersen, MC; Shulman, GI; Zhang, D, 2016)	3.32

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Imeglimin has been shown to have a beneficial effect on 3 key pathogenetic elements of T2DM, i.e., 1."	( Imeglimin: a new antidiabetic drug with potential future in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Grzeszczak, W; Nowak, M, 2022)	2.89

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Imeglimin may enhance glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) and inhibit apoptosis of pancreatic ß-cells leading to preserved β-cell mass by maintaining or restoring the functional and structural integrity of the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in pancreatic β-cells."	( Current understanding of imeglimin action on pancreatic β-cells: Involvement of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Fauzi, M; Inagaki, N; Murakami, T; Yabe, D, 2023)	1.93

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Imeglimin treatment significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (augmentation of the insulinogenic index) and improved glycaemia. "	( Imeglimin preserves islet β-cell mass in Type 2 diabetic ZDF rats. Bolze, S; Hallakou-Bozec, S; Kergoat, M; Moller, DE, 2021)	3.51
"Imeglimin treatment for 7 days raised the insulin secretory response to glucose by +112% (iAUC0-45 , p = 0.035), first-phase ISR by +110% (p = 0.034) and second-phase ISR by +29% (p = 0.031). "	( Imeglimin increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion and improves β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Bolze, S; Fouqueray, P; Mari, A; Pacini, G; Roden, M, 2015)	3.3
"Treatment with imeglimin augmented mitochondrial function, enhanced insulin secretion, promoted β-cell proliferation, and improved β-cell survival in mouse islets."	( Imeglimin Ameliorates β-Cell Apoptosis by Modulating the Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis Pathway. Chew, RSE; Inoue, R; Kin, T; Kyohara, M; Li, J; Miyashita, D; Nishiyama, K; Okuyama, T; Oyadomari, S; Satoh, A; Shapiro, AMJ; Shirakawa, J; Teo, AKK; Terauchi, Y; Togashi, Y; Tsuno, T, 2022)	2.5
"Treatment with imeglimin significantly decreased infarct size, brain edema, and neurological deficits after pMCAO."	( Imeglimin Is Neuroprotective Against Ischemic Brain Injury in Rats-a Study Evaluating Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Functions. Borutaite, V; Cizas, P; Grigaleviciute, R; Jankeviciute, S; Pampuscenko, K; Rastenyte, D; Umbrasas, D; Zemgulyte, G, 2022)	2.5
"Treatment with imeglimin starting at 10 weeks not only improved their abnormal systemic glucose metabolism and visceral obesity but also their cardiac abnormalities."	( Imeglimin prevents heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by recovering the impaired unfolded protein response in mice subjected to cardiometabolic stress. Endo, J; Fukuda, K; Goto, S; Hashimoto, S; Katsumata, Y; Kitakata, H; Mizuno, E; Moriyama, H; Sano, M; Shirakawa, K, 2021)	2.4

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Safety and tolerability were assessed in both studies through adverse event recording and laboratory parameters, vital signs and electrocardiogram."	( Imeglimin, a novel glimin oral antidiabetic, exhibits a good efficacy and safety profile in type 2 diabetic patients. Fouqueray, P; Lebovitz, H; Pirags, V, 2012)	1.82
" Imeglimin was generally well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to placebo and no related treatment-emergent adverse events."	( The efficacy and safety of imeglimin as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with sitagliptin monotherapy. Bailey, CJ; Diamant, M; Fouqueray, P; Inzucchi, SE; Lebovitz, HE; Pirags, V; Schernthaner, G, 2014)	1.61
" Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported for 68."	( Efficacy and safety of imeglimin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2b trial. Dubourg, J; Fouqueray, P; Grouin, JM; Ueki, K, 2021)	0.93
"Imeglimin is a novel tetrahydrotriazine-containing drug suggested as a safe drug for glycemic management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)."	( Efficacy and safety of imeglimin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Abdelhaleem, IA; Alsabbagh, FA; Ebada, MA; Eid, AM; Hussien, HM; Mohamed, NI; Salamah, HM, )	1.88
" Regarding safety profile, imeglimin was safe and tolerable with no treatment-emergent or serious adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of imeglimin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Abdelhaleem, IA; Alsabbagh, FA; Ebada, MA; Eid, AM; Hussien, HM; Mohamed, NI; Salamah, HM, )	0.74
" The percentage of patients experiencing at least one treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE) was 75."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of imeglimin as monotherapy or in combination with existing antidiabetic agents in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (TIMES 2): A 52-week, open-label, multicentre phase 3 trial. Dubourg, J; Fouqueray, P; Grouin, JM; Kaku, K; Quinslot, D, 2022)	1
" The incidence of patients experiencing adverse events and serious adverse events was similar in the two treatment groups."	( Efficacy and safety of imeglimin add-on to insulin monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (TIMES 3): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial with a 36-week open-label extension period. Dubourg, J; Fouqueray, P; Grouin, JM; Reilhac, C; Thang, C; Watada, H, 2022)	1.03
" During the observation period, adverse events such as hypoglycemia, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting were not recognized in any patient."	( Safety and Efficacy of Imeglimin for Type 2 Diabetes in Patients Undergoing Dialysis. Mima, A, )	0.44
" Secondary outcomes included other efficacy-related outcomes, specific adverse events, and changes in body weight and lipid parameters."	( Efficacy, safety and tolerability of imeglimin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hagi, K; Kaku, K; Nitta, M; Ueki, K; Watada, H, 2023)	1.18
" There were no significant differences between imeglimin and placebo in the risk of all-cause discontinuation and the proportion of patients who presented with at least one adverse event."	( Efficacy, safety and tolerability of imeglimin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hagi, K; Kaku, K; Nitta, M; Ueki, K; Watada, H, 2023)	1.44

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from blood and urine; levels of all compounds were evaluated using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry."	( Imeglimin Does Not Induce Clinically Relevant Pharmacokinetic Interactions When Combined with Either Metformin or Sitagliptin in Healthy Subjects. Bolze, S; Fouqueray, P; Perrimond-Dauchy, S, 2020)	2
"To assess the pharmacokinetic and safety profile of imeglimin in Caucasian and Japanese healthy individuals."	( Pharmacokinetics of Imeglimin in Caucasian and Japanese Healthy Subjects. Bolze, S; Chevalier, C; Fouqueray, P, 2022)	1.3

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The objective of the study was to assess the potential drug-drug interaction between imeglimin and cimetidine, a reference inhibitor of these transporters."	( Lack of Drug-Drug Interaction Between Cimetidine, a Renal Transporter Inhibitor, and Imeglimin, a Novel Oral Antidiabetic Drug, in Healthy Volunteers. Bolze, S; Chevalier, C; Dubourg, J; Fouqueray, P; Perrimond-Dauchy, S, 2020)	1.01
"No clinically significant drug-drug interaction exists between imeglimin and cimetidine, a reference inhibitor of MATE1, MATE2-K, OCT1 and OCT2 transporters."	( Lack of Drug-Drug Interaction Between Cimetidine, a Renal Transporter Inhibitor, and Imeglimin, a Novel Oral Antidiabetic Drug, in Healthy Volunteers. Bolze, S; Chevalier, C; Dubourg, J; Fouqueray, P; Perrimond-Dauchy, S, 2020)	1.02
"A total of 714 patients received the following treatments: imeglimin monotherapy (n = 134), combination with an α-glucosidase inhibitor (n = 64), biguanide (n = 64), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4-I; n = 63), glinide (n = 64), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA; n = 70), sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (n = 63), sulphonylurea (n = 127), or thiazolidinedione (n = 65)."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of imeglimin as monotherapy or in combination with existing antidiabetic agents in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (TIMES 2): A 52-week, open-label, multicentre phase 3 trial. Dubourg, J; Fouqueray, P; Grouin, JM; Kaku, K; Quinslot, D, 2022)	1.25

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" The imeglimine molecule is well absorbed (Tmax-4), and the half-life is 5-6 hours, is largely excreted through the kidneys, and also has no clinically significant interactions with either metformin or sitagliptin."	( [Imeglimin: features of the mechanism of action and potential benefits]. Arapieva, AM; Bobrik, AG; Bobrik, DV; Khamitova, AD; Kuznetsov, KO; Mahmutova, EI; Nagaev, IR; Saetova, AA, 2022)	2.15

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" 12-Lead Holter ECGs were recorded from 1 h before dosing until at least 24 h after each dose."	( Absence of QTc prolongation in a thorough QT study with imeglimin, a first in class oral agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bolze, S; Dubourg, J; Felices, M; Fouqueray, P; Perrimond-Dauchy, S; Voiriot, P, 2020)	0.8

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1347411	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	8 (15.38)	24.3611
2020's	44 (84.62)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	16 (29.63%)	5.53%
Reviews	12 (22.22%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (1.85%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	25 (46.30%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	7.41	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.31	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	8.64	1	1	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	8.45	14	4	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.31	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	8.35	1	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.48	1	1	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.48	1	1	1,2,3-triazole
cyclic adp-ribose Cyclic ADP-Ribose: A pyridine nucleotide that mobilizes CALCIUM. It is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by ADP RIBOSE CYCLASE.	2.31	1	0	cyclic purine nucleotide; nucleotide-sugar	metabolite; ryanodine receptor agonist
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	4.55	1	1	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
ginsenoside m1 ginsenoside M1: structure in first source. ginsenoside C-K : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	3.7	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
sitagliptin phosphate Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	6.34	5	2
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	2.82	2	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	4	2	1	peptide hormone
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	2.6	1	0
incretins Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially.	2.6	1	0
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	3.5	1	1

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	12.39	42	21
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	1	14.39	42	21
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	0	2.41	1	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	0	2.41	1	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	0	2.41	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	2.41	1	0
Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	0	8.64	2	0
Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.	0	3.64	2	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	2.41	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	0	10.01	4	2
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	0	5.01	4	2
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	0	7.6	1	0
Deaf Mutism [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.	0	7.6	1	0
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	0	4.55	1	1
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	0	4.55	1	1
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	3.7	1	1
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	1	5.7	1	1
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	2.31	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	0	2.31	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	0	2.31	1	0
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	0	2.31	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	7.31	1	0

imeglimin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (29)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Bioassays (3)

Research

Studies (52)

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Research Demand Index: 64.44

Study Types

imeglimin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (29)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Bioassays (3)

Research

Studies (52)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 64.44

Study Types

Related Drugs (17)

Related Conditions (30)