Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylic acid + hydrogen peroxide. [EC:1.2.3.1]
Aldehyde oxidase activity is a crucial enzymatic function that catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. This process involves the transfer of two electrons from the aldehyde substrate to molecular oxygen, resulting in the formation of water and the corresponding carboxylic acid. Aldehyde oxidases are members of the molybdenum hydroxylase family and utilize a complex catalytic mechanism that involves a molybdenum cofactor (Moco), a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
The catalytic cycle begins with the binding of the aldehyde substrate to the Moco, which is coordinated to a sulfido ligand and a terminal oxo group. This binding event triggers the transfer of two electrons from the aldehyde to the Moco, leading to the formation of a molybdenum(IV) species and a reduced FAD cofactor. The reduced FAD then donates electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in the formation of water and the oxidized FAD cofactor. The carboxylic acid product is subsequently released from the enzyme, and the cycle repeats.
Aldehyde oxidase activity plays a significant role in various metabolic pathways, including the detoxification of xenobiotics, the synthesis of hormones, and the degradation of amino acids. It is particularly important in the metabolism of aldehydes derived from alcohol consumption, drug metabolism, and the breakdown of fatty acids. Additionally, aldehyde oxidase activity has been linked to various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. This highlights the crucial role of this enzyme in maintaining cellular homeostasis and overall health.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Aldehyde oxidase | An aldehyde oxidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q06278] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD | An all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH7 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P40394] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| quinacrine | quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2. | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
| pyridoxal | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite | |
| tetramethylene sulfoxide | tetrahydrothiophenes | ||
| amsacrine | amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity. Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent. | acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| benzamidine | benzamidine : A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group. benzamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd | benzenes; carboxamidine | serine protease inhibitor |
| chlorpromazine | chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup. | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| cimetidine | cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output. | aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile | adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| vitamin k 3 | Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| perphenazine | perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| proadifen | Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity. | diarylmethane | |
| raloxifene | raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. | 1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| thioridazine | thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position. Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA. | phenothiazines; piperidines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| ethinyl estradiol | 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration. Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES. | 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
| isovaleramide | isovaleramide: inhibits liver alcohol dehydrogenases | ||
| isovanillin | isovanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is 4-methoxybenzaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase. isovanillin: inhibits aldehyde oxidase | benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols | animal metabolite; antidiarrhoeal drug; antifungal agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| n-cyclohexylformamide | alicyclic compound; formamides | mouse metabolite | |
| staurosporine | indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound | apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector | |
| n-benzylformamide | formamides | ||
| diethylstilbestrol | diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed) | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
| harmine | harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7. Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's. | harmala alkaloid | anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| genistein | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
| ic 87114 | IC 87114: structure in first source | 6-aminopurines; biaryl; quinazolines | EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor |