L-arginine import across plasma membrane

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of L-arginine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. [GOC:krc, PMID:8195186]

L-arginine import across the plasma membrane is a crucial process for cells to acquire this essential amino acid. L-arginine is involved in various vital functions, including protein synthesis, nitric oxide (NO) production, and immune system regulation. The import mechanism is complex and involves a family of membrane transporters known as cationic amino acid transporters (CATs), specifically CAT1 and CAT2B in mammals.

The transport process is initiated by the binding of L-arginine to the extracellular domain of the CAT transporter. This binding event triggers a conformational change in the transporter, leading to the opening of an intracellular gate and the translocation of L-arginine across the plasma membrane.

Importantly, L-arginine import is highly regulated and influenced by factors such as cellular L-arginine concentration, intracellular pH, and the presence of other amino acids. For instance, L-lysine, another cationic amino acid, can compete with L-arginine for binding to the CAT transporter, leading to reduced L-arginine uptake.

Furthermore, the expression levels of CAT transporters can be regulated by various stimuli, including hormones, growth factors, and cellular stress. For example, insulin can increase the expression of CAT1, enhancing L-arginine uptake in muscle cells.

The intricate regulation of L-arginine import ensures that cells have adequate supply of this crucial amino acid, supporting their diverse physiological functions. Dysregulation of L-arginine import can have significant consequences, contributing to various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.'
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Proteins (3)

Compounds (95)