potassium:proton exchanging ATPase complex

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

A protein complex that possesses hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity; characterized in animal cells, where it maintains ionic gradients of K+ at the expense of ATP hydrolysis; The complex contains two obligatory subunits, the catalytic alpha subunit and a glycosylated beta subunit; two additional subunits, gamma and channel-inducing factor (CHIF), may also be present. [PMID:11756431]

The potassium:proton exchanging ATPase complex is a transmembrane protein complex responsible for maintaining pH and potassium ion gradients across cellular membranes. This complex is typically found in the plasma membrane of various cell types, particularly in tissues with high proton efflux demands, such as the kidney, stomach, and brain. It is crucial for acidification processes, potassium homeostasis, and the regulation of various physiological functions. The complex consists of multiple subunits, each playing a critical role in its activity. The core of the complex is a catalytic subunit that binds ATP and uses its energy to pump protons out of the cell while simultaneously transporting potassium ions into the cell. This movement of ions against their electrochemical gradients creates an electrochemical potential that is essential for various cellular processes. The catalytic subunit is associated with other accessory subunits that regulate its activity and stability. These accessory subunits can include regulatory proteins, chaperones, and anchoring proteins that tether the complex to specific membrane domains. The potassium:proton exchanging ATPase complex exhibits a complex regulatory mechanism that involves phosphorylation, allosteric modulation, and interaction with other proteins. The complex is highly regulated by intracellular pH, potassium ion concentration, and other signaling molecules. The activity of this complex is influenced by various factors, including the presence of inhibitors and the availability of substrate. This intricate regulatory system ensures that the complex functions appropriately under diverse physiological conditions. The potassium:proton exchanging ATPase complex is a fascinating and vital protein complex that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Understanding its structure, function, and regulation is essential for comprehending various physiological processes and developing targeted therapies for related diseases.'
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Proteins (3)

Compounds (6)