ferruginol profile

ferruginol: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ferruginol : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at positions 12. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	442027
CHEMBL ID	197308
CHEBI ID	78274
SCHEMBL ID	155580
MeSH ID	M0393795

Synonym
MEGXP0_000699 ,
ACON1_000701
abieta-8,11,13-trien-12-ol
514-62-5
ferruginol
C09092
BRD-K27959543-001-01-3
chebi:78274 ,
CHEMBL197308 ,
AC1L9C4T ,
(4bs,8as)-4b,8,8-trimethyl-2-propan-2-yl-5,6,7,8a,9,10-hexahydrophenanthren-3-ol
SCHEMBL155580
12-hydroxyabieta-8,11,13-triene
8,11,13-abietatrien-12-ol
podocarpa-8,11,13-trien-12-ol, 13-isopropyl-
QXNWVJOHUAQHLM-AZUAARDMSA-N
abieta-9(11),8(14),12-trien-12-ol #
trans-ferruginol
surecn155580
DTXSID20331722
3-phenanthrenol, 4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-4b,8,8-trimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-, (4bs,8as)-
(+)-ferruginol
unii-n2cmm6x37m
n2cmm6x37m ,
bdbm50483056
AKOS032948384
Q3743828
AMY22250
3-phenanthrenol, 4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-4b,8,8-trimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-, (4bs-trans)-
(4bs,8as)-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-4b,8,8-trimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenanthrenol
(4bs,8as)-4b,8,8-trimethyl-2-(propan-2-yl)-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydrophenanthren-3-ol
A937505
(4bs,8as)-4b,8,8-trimethyl-2-propane-2-yl-5,6,7,8a,9,10-hexa hydrophenanthren-3-ol
CS-0032206
HY-N6033
FS-7565

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ferruginol (FGL) is a major polyphenols and terpenoids with numerous pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory."	( Ameliorative effect of ferruginol on isoprenaline hydrochloride-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Ali Alharbi, S; Chen, Y; Deng, Y; Feng, J; Li, H; Li, X; Wang, C; Wang, L; Zhang, X, 2021)	1.65

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"As ferruginol has been found in many plants including danshen, the results and the approaches that were described here provide a solid foundation to further elucidate the biosynthesis of tanshinones and related diterpenoids."	( CYP76AH1 catalyzes turnover of miltiradiene in tanshinones biosynthesis and enables heterologous production of ferruginol in yeasts. Chen, X; Guo, J; Hillwig, ML; Huang, L; Liu, W; Peters, RJ; Shen, Y; Wang, Y; Yang, L; Zhang, X; Zhao, ZK; Zhou, YJ, 2013)	1.12
"Ferruginol has antifungal activity against wood-rot fungi (basidiomycetes). "	( Proteomics investigation reveals cell death-associated proteins of basidiomycete fungus Trametes versicolor treated with Ferruginol. Chang, ST; Chen, YH; Chu, FH; Hsu, FL; Yeh, TF, 2015)	2.07

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Ferruginol and compounds 5-9, 16, 18 and 20 were the most toxic compounds against fibroblasts (IC50 19-56 microM), with a correlation to AGS cells."	( Gastroprotective and cytotoxic effect of semisynthetic ferruginol derivatives. Areche, C; Razmilic, I; Rodríguez, JA; Schmeda-Hirschmann, G; Theoduloz, C; Yáñez, T, 2007)	1.5

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The pharmacokinetic process of ferruginol in rat was well described with a one-compartment model."	( Determination of ferruginol in rat plasma via high-performance liquid chromatography and its application in pharmacokinetics study. He, J; Qin, H; Wei, Y; Wu, X; Yao, X, 2009)	0.98

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" However, how to improve its oral bioavailability and reduce its dosage remains to be studied."	( Synergistic Effects of Ginsenoside Rb3 and Ferruginol in Ischemia-Induced Myocardial Infarction. Chen, X; Jiang, Q; Li, C; Li, J; Liu, T; Wang, H; Wang, Q; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Xue, S, 2022)	0.98

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" However, how to improve its oral bioavailability and reduce its dosage remains to be studied."	( Synergistic Effects of Ginsenoside Rb3 and Ferruginol in Ischemia-Induced Myocardial Infarction. Chen, X; Jiang, Q; Li, C; Li, J; Liu, T; Wang, H; Wang, Q; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Xue, S, 2022)	0.98

Role	Description
antineoplastic agent	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
antibacterial agent	A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
protective agent	Synthetic or natural substance which is given to prevent a disease or disorder or are used in the process of treating a disease or injury due to a poisonous agent.
plant metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
abietane diterpenoid	A diterpenoid based on an abietane skeleton.
phenols	Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring.
carbotricyclic compound	A carbopolyclic compound comprising of three carbocyclic rings.
meroterpenoid	Meroterpenoids are complex organooxygen natural products produced from polyketide and terpenoid precursors.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
carnosate bioynthesis	3	14

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	IC50 (µMol)	49.6000	0.0040	2.9266	9.9600	AID1805801; AID537123
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	IC50 (µMol)	49.6000	0.0002	2.4585	9.9600	AID1805801
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modification	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
5'-3' RNA helicase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K63-linked deubiquitinase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K48-linked deubiquitinase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA guanylyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
ISG15-specific peptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
5'-3' RNA helicase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
protein guanylyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (143)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID750853	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Diterpenoids from the twigs and leaves of Fokienia hodginsii.
AID247273	Growth inhibitory activity against human HCT116 colon tumor cell line	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	Anti-tumor abietane diterpenes from the cones of Sequoia sempervirens.
AID1246322	Cell cycle arrest in human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as accumulation at G0/G1 phase at 28.5 uM after 12 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometry (Rvb = 48.36%)	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID1169343	Selectivity index, ratio of cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells to IC50 for Plasmodium falciparum D10	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID1273997	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for African green monkey Vero cells to IC50 for human HeLa cells	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID401840	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 7 days by MTT assay	1997	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 60, Issue:1	Bioactive compounds from Taiwania cryptomerioides.
AID481528	Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Journal of natural products, May-28, Volume: 73, Issue:5	Diterpenoids from the feces of Trogopterus xanthipes.
AID1246344	Induction of apoptosis in human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as decrease in caspase-7 level after 6 to 12 hrs by western blot analysis	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID359972	Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 by tube dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4	Antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of Salvia blepharochlaena.
AID359980	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 by disc-diffusion method	2001	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4	Antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of Salvia blepharochlaena.
AID481527	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Journal of natural products, May-28, Volume: 73, Issue:5	Diterpenoids from the feces of Trogopterus xanthipes.
AID1604204	Antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	New dimensions in the field of antimalarial research against malaria resurgence.
AID612372	Cytotoxicity against human MV-3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16	In vitro cytotoxic activity of abietane diterpenes from Peltodon longipes as well as Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia sahendica.
AID1756066	Antibiofilm activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 8 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay relative to control
AID1304620	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay	2016	Journal of natural products, Mar-25, Volume: 79, Issue:3	Antileishmanial and Cytotoxic Activity of Some Highly Oxidized Abietane Diterpenoids from the Bald Cypress, Taxodium distichum.
AID297149	Antiviral activity against SARS coronavirus in Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication by ELISA	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID1274023	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus terreus CDC 317 assessed as microbial growth inhibition by microdilution assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID750854	Cytotoxicity against human SMMC7721 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Diterpenoids from the twigs and leaves of Fokienia hodginsii.
AID1304623	Antileishmanial activity against transgenic Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes infected in CD-1 mouse peritoneal macrophages assessed as beta-lactamase activity after 72 hrs by nitrocefin dye-based spectrophotometric analysis	2016	Journal of natural products, Mar-25, Volume: 79, Issue:3	Antileishmanial and Cytotoxic Activity of Some Highly Oxidized Abietane Diterpenoids from the Bald Cypress, Taxodium distichum.
AID1886807	Antiviral activity against DENV2 infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of virus induced cytopathic effect at 3.1 to 25 ug/ml measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based inverted microscopic analysis relative to c	2022	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 85, Issue:8	Antiviral Profiling of C-18- or C-19-Functionalized Semisynthetic Abietane Diterpenoids.
AID1886801	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 85, Issue:8	Antiviral Profiling of C-18- or C-19-Functionalized Semisynthetic Abietane Diterpenoids.
AID1169348	Selectivity index, ratio of cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells to IC50 for Plasmodium falciparum K1	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID1172524	Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-24, Volume: 87	Synthetic derivatives of aromatic abietane diterpenoids and their biological activities.
AID1886804	Antiviral activity against ZIKV infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of virus induced cytopathic effect measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based inverted microscopic analysis	2022	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 85, Issue:8	Antiviral Profiling of C-18- or C-19-Functionalized Semisynthetic Abietane Diterpenoids.
AID1246302	Antiproliferative activity against human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells at 29 uM after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID1169342	Selectivity index, ratio of cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells to IC50 for Plasmodium falciparum K1	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID1169341	Selectivity index, ratio of cytotoxicity against CHO cells to IC50 for Plasmodium falciparum D10	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID1169338	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID1886834	Antiviral activity against HHV-1 29R strain infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in viral reduction factor at 3.1 to 25 ug/ml measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based inverted microscopic analysis	2022	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 85, Issue:8	Antiviral Profiling of C-18- or C-19-Functionalized Semisynthetic Abietane Diterpenoids.
AID1169346	Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID297147	Inhibition of SARS virus-induced cytopathogenicity in Vero E6 cells at 3.3 uM	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID359977	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by tube dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4	Antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of Salvia blepharochlaena.
AID1756067	Antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 50071 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 8 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay relative to control
AID1756071	Antibiofilm activity against Escherichia coli DSM 8579 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 40 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay relative to control
AID1246326	Cell cycle arrest in human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as accumulation at G2/M phase at 28.5 uM after 12 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometry (Rvb = 20.40%)	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID1058387	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells assessed as growth inhibition by WST-8 assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24	Cytotoxic compounds from invasive giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta) against human tumor cells.
AID1273996	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID1273998	Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID1274022	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus ATCC 204304 assessed as microbial growth inhibition by microdilution assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID1756078	Antibiofilm activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 assessed as inhibition of bacterial metabolism within the biofilm at 8 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control
AID1886813	Antiviral activity against CHIKV infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction factor at 3.1 to 25 ug/ml measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based inverted microscopic analysis	2022	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 85, Issue:8	Antiviral Profiling of C-18- or C-19-Functionalized Semisynthetic Abietane Diterpenoids.
AID401839	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 7 days by MTT assay	1997	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 60, Issue:1	Bioactive compounds from Taiwania cryptomerioides.
AID359971	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 by tube dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4	Antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of Salvia blepharochlaena.
AID297150	Cytotoxicity against Vero E6 cells by MTT assay	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID1274002	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID1169339	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum D10	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID376396	Antioxidant activity at 0.5 mM by ferric-thiocyanate method	1999	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 62, Issue:11	Diterpenes from the fruits of Vitex rotundifolia.
AID247265	Growth inhibitory activity against human SW620 colon tumor cell line	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	Anti-tumor abietane diterpenes from the cones of Sequoia sempervirens.
AID1169353	Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID1246330	Cell cycle arrest in human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as accumulation at S phase at 28.5 uM after 12 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometry (Rvb = 31.23%)	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID1058388	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as growth inhibition by WST-8 assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24	Cytotoxic compounds from invasive giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta) against human tumor cells.
AID1246338	Induction of apoptosis in human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as early apoptotic cells after 12 hrs by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometry (Rvb = 3.1%)	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID1756063	Antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 4 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay relative to control
AID297146	Inhibition of SARS coronavirus-induced cytopathogenicity in Vero E6 cells at 10 uM	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID1604203	Antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum D6	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	New dimensions in the field of antimalarial research against malaria resurgence.
AID1169350	Selectivity index, ratio of cytotoxic EC50 against human cells to EC50 for Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID1274020	Antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum ATCC 48112 assessed as microbial growth inhibition after 48 hrs by microdilution assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID401838	Toxicity in Artemia salina	1997	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 60, Issue:1	Bioactive compounds from Taiwania cryptomerioides.
AID537122	Inhibition of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease at 200 uM after 60 mins by FRET assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 18, Issue:22	Biflavonoids from Torreya nucifera displaying SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibition.
AID1756083	Antibiofilm activity against Escherichia coli DSM 8579 assessed as inhibition of bacterial metabolism within the biofilm at 40 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control
AID247306	Growth inhibitory activity against human MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cell line	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	Anti-tumor abietane diterpenes from the cones of Sequoia sempervirens.
AID401841	Insecticidal activity against yellow fever mosquito larvae	1997	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 60, Issue:1	Bioactive compounds from Taiwania cryptomerioides.
AID1169349	Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 assessed as inhibition of parasite growth after 72 hrs by cell based assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID1318790	Antileishmanial activity against promastigote form of Leishmania donovani after 48 hrs by Alamar blue assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-04, Volume: 121	Synthesis and antileishmanial activity of C7- and C12-functionalized dehydroabietylamine derivatives.
AID359970	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 by tube dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4	Antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of Salvia blepharochlaena.
AID1169352	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID1756074	Antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 50071 assessed as inhibition of bacterial metabolism within the biofilm at 4 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control
AID1274026	Antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis ATCC 200956 assessed as microbial growth inhibition after 24 hrs by microdilution assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID1756084	Antibiofilm activity against Escherichia coli DSM 8579 assessed as inhibition of bacterial metabolism within the biofilm at 80 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control
AID612371	Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16	In vitro cytotoxic activity of abietane diterpenes from Peltodon longipes as well as Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia sahendica.
AID1274025	Antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 assessed as microbial growth inhibition after 24 hrs by microdilution assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID1273999	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for African green monkey Vero cells to IC50 for human Jurkat cells	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID297148	Inhibition of SARS virus-induced cytopathogenicity in Vero E6 cells at 1 uM	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID1058385	Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells assessed as growth inhibition by WST-8 assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24	Cytotoxic compounds from invasive giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta) against human tumor cells.
AID297145	Inhibition of SARS coronavirus-induced cytopathogenicity in Vero E6 cells at 20 uM	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID1246339	Induction of apoptosis in human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as increase in cleaved PARP level by western blot analysis	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID1274001	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for African green monkey Vero cells to IC50 for human U937 cells	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID1246340	Induction of apoptosis in human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as increase in DR5 level after 12 hrs by western blot analysis	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID1169344	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum D6	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID1886802	Cytotoxicity against golden hamster BHK-21 cells measured after 6 days by MTT assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 85, Issue:8	Antiviral Profiling of C-18- or C-19-Functionalized Semisynthetic Abietane Diterpenoids.
AID1246298	Antiproliferative activity against human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells at <= 50 uM after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID359975	Antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis by tube dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4	Antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of Salvia blepharochlaena.
AID1246342	Induction of apoptosis in human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as increase in cleaved caspase-9 level after 6 to 12 hrs by western blot analysis	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID1756072	Antibiofilm activity against Escherichia coli DSM 8579 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 80 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay relative to control
AID1169356	Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 assessed as inhibition of parasite growth after 72 hrs by cell based assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID1756068	Antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 8 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay relative to control
AID1524599	Antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes	2019	Journal of natural products, 04-26, Volume: 82, Issue:4	Synthesis and Biological Studies of (+)-Liquiditerpenoic Acid A (Abietopinoic Acid) and Representative Analogues: SAR Studies.
AID1886806	Antiviral activity against ZIKV infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of plaque formation by measuring reduction in PFU per well incubated for 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 85, Issue:8	Antiviral Profiling of C-18- or C-19-Functionalized Semisynthetic Abietane Diterpenoids.
AID1172525	Cytotoxicity against human AGS cells	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-24, Volume: 87	Synthetic derivatives of aromatic abietane diterpenoids and their biological activities.
AID359982	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 by disc-diffusion method	2001	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4	Antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of Salvia blepharochlaena.
AID1169351	Selectivity index, ratio of cytotoxic EC50 against human cells to EC50 for Plasmodium falciparum K1	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID401837	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 7 days by MTT assay	1997	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 60, Issue:1	Bioactive compounds from Taiwania cryptomerioides.
AID1058382	Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells assessed as growth inhibition by WST-8 assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24	Cytotoxic compounds from invasive giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta) against human tumor cells.
AID1756061	Antibiofilm activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 4 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay relative to control
AID1886803	Antiviral activity against ZIKV infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of virus induced cytopathic effect at 3.1 to 25 ug/ml measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based inverted microscopic analysis relative to co	2022	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 85, Issue:8	Antiviral Profiling of C-18- or C-19-Functionalized Semisynthetic Abietane Diterpenoids.
AID359973	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 by tube dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4	Antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of Salvia blepharochlaena.
AID1246300	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells at <= 50 uM after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID1274024	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 1023 assessed as microbial growth inhibition after 24 hrs by microdilution assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID1246299	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells at <= 50 uM after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID359976	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae by tube dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4	Antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of Salvia blepharochlaena.
AID481529	Cytotoxicity against human U937 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Journal of natural products, May-28, Volume: 73, Issue:5	Diterpenoids from the feces of Trogopterus xanthipes.
AID359978	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans by tube dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4	Antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of Salvia blepharochlaena.
AID750855	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Diterpenoids from the twigs and leaves of Fokienia hodginsii.
AID1169340	Selectivity index, ratio of cytotoxicity against CHO cells to IC50 for Plasmodium falciparum K1	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID376398	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity at 40 uM after 30 mins	1999	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 62, Issue:11	Diterpenes from the fruits of Vitex rotundifolia.
AID1304624	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human HT-29 cells to IC50 for Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes	2016	Journal of natural products, Mar-25, Volume: 79, Issue:3	Antileishmanial and Cytotoxic Activity of Some Highly Oxidized Abietane Diterpenoids from the Bald Cypress, Taxodium distichum.
AID1169345	Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum D6	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID359974	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli by tube dilution method	2001	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4	Antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of Salvia blepharochlaena.
AID1604215	Antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum D10	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	New dimensions in the field of antimalarial research against malaria resurgence.
AID1886808	Antiviral activity against DENV2 infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of virus induced cytopathic effect measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based inverted microscopic analysis	2022	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 85, Issue:8	Antiviral Profiling of C-18- or C-19-Functionalized Semisynthetic Abietane Diterpenoids.
AID1274000	Cytotoxicity against human U937 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID1058384	Cytotoxicity against human BxPC3 cells assessed as growth inhibition by WST-8 assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24	Cytotoxic compounds from invasive giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta) against human tumor cells.
AID376399	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity at 80 uM after 30 mins	1999	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 62, Issue:11	Diterpenes from the fruits of Vitex rotundifolia.
AID481526	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2010	Journal of natural products, May-28, Volume: 73, Issue:5	Diterpenoids from the feces of Trogopterus xanthipes.
AID1756079	Antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 50071 assessed as inhibition of bacterial metabolism within the biofilm at 8 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control
AID1886805	Antiviral activity against ZIKV infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of plaque formation by measuring reduction in PFU per well at 12.4 to 100 ug/ml incubated for 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay relative to c	2022	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 85, Issue:8	Antiviral Profiling of C-18- or C-19-Functionalized Semisynthetic Abietane Diterpenoids.
AID1304622	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human HT-29 cells to IC50 for Leishmania donovani LV82 promastigotes expressing red fluorescent protein	2016	Journal of natural products, Mar-25, Volume: 79, Issue:3	Antileishmanial and Cytotoxic Activity of Some Highly Oxidized Abietane Diterpenoids from the Bald Cypress, Taxodium distichum.
AID1058386	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells assessed as growth inhibition by WST-8 assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 23, Issue:24	Cytotoxic compounds from invasive giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta) against human tumor cells.
AID1274021	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 204305 assessed as microbial growth inhibition by microdilution assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 108	Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine.
AID1756080	Antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 assessed as inhibition of bacterial metabolism within the biofilm at 8 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control
AID1756075	Antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 assessed as inhibition of bacterial metabolism within the biofilm at 4 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control
AID1169354	Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID1246335	Induction of apoptosis in human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as necrotic cells after 12 hrs by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometry (Rvb = 0.1%)	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID1169347	Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID537123	Inhibition of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease after 60 mins by FRET assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 18, Issue:22	Biflavonoids from Torreya nucifera displaying SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibition.
AID750852	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Diterpenoids from the twigs and leaves of Fokienia hodginsii.
AID1756062	Antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 50071 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 4 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay relative to control
AID1246336	Induction of apoptosis in human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as late apoptotic cells after 12 hrs by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometry (Rvb = 3.7%)	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID1169355	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.
AID1756073	Antibiofilm activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 assessed as inhibition of bacterial metabolism within the biofilm at 4 ug/ml measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control
AID1886810	Antiviral activity against DENV2 infected in hamster BHK-21 cells assessed as inhibition of plaque formation by measuring reduction in PFU per well incubated for 6 days by crystal violet staining based assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 85, Issue:8	Antiviral Profiling of C-18- or C-19-Functionalized Semisynthetic Abietane Diterpenoids.
AID1886809	Antiviral activity against DENV2 infected in golden hamster BHK-21 cells assessed as inhibition of plaque formation by measuring reduction in PFU per well at 12.4 to 100 ug/ml incubated for 6 days by crystal violet staining based assay relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 85, Issue:8	Antiviral Profiling of C-18- or C-19-Functionalized Semisynthetic Abietane Diterpenoids.
AID1304621	Antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani LV82 promastigotes expressing red fluorescent protein after 72 hrs by flow cytometric analysis	2016	Journal of natural products, Mar-25, Volume: 79, Issue:3	Antileishmanial and Cytotoxic Activity of Some Highly Oxidized Abietane Diterpenoids from the Bald Cypress, Taxodium distichum.
AID1886814	Antiviral activity against CHIKV infected in African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as concentration required for higher viral reduction factor measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based inverted microscopic analysis	2022	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 85, Issue:8	Antiviral Profiling of C-18- or C-19-Functionalized Semisynthetic Abietane Diterpenoids.
AID247274	Growth inhibitory activity against human NCI-H23 lung tumor cell line	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	Anti-tumor abietane diterpenes from the cones of Sequoia sempervirens.
AID359979	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 by disc-diffusion method	2001	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4	Antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of Salvia blepharochlaena.
AID750851	Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Diterpenoids from the twigs and leaves of Fokienia hodginsii.
AID1246337	Induction of apoptosis in human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as viable cells after 12 hrs by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometry (Rvb = 93.1%)	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	(+)-Dehydroabietylamine derivatives target triple-negative breast cancer.
AID376397	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity at 20 uM after 30 mins	1999	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 62, Issue:11	Diterpenes from the fruits of Vitex rotundifolia.
AID1604202	Antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum W2	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	New dimensions in the field of antimalarial research against malaria resurgence.
AID297151	Selectivity index, Ratio of CC50 for Vero E6 cells to EC50 for SARS coronavirus	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17	Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID247256	Inhibitory activity against human A549 lung tumor cell proliferation	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	Anti-tumor abietane diterpenes from the cones of Sequoia sempervirens.
AID1805801	Various Assay from Article 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00409: \\Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.\\	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	2 (3.08)	18.2507
2000's	16 (24.62)	29.6817
2010's	35 (53.85)	24.3611
2020's	12 (18.46)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	5 (7.69%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	60 (92.31%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.03	1	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.03	1	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
catechin [no description available]	2.31	1	hydroxyflavan
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.08	1	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate [no description available]	2.31	1	catechin
theophylline [no description available]	2.31	1	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
bronopol [no description available]	2.31	1	nitro compound
caffeine [no description available]	2.31	1	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.11	1	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
N-[4-methyl-1-oxo-1-(1-oxohexan-2-ylamino)pentan-2-yl]carbamic acid (phenylmethyl) ester [no description available]	2.31	1	leucine derivative
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	2.11	1	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carmofur [no description available]	2.31	1	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.64	2	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
disulfiram [no description available]	2.31	1	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	2.31	1	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	2.31	1	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	2.84	3	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	2.31	1	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.31	1	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	3.85	3	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.31	1	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.31	1	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	3.42	2	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nitidine nitidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym NSC 146397 refers to chloride; structure	2.1	1	phenanthridines
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	2.31	1
3-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-iodo-1H-indol-2-one [no description available]	2.31	1	indoles
alkannin [no description available]	2.31	1	naphthoquinone
triclosan [no description available]	2.31	1	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
cysteine [no description available]	2	1	cysteine zwitterion; cysteine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	2.03	1	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
phthalimide phthalimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalimide : A dicarboximide that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole substituted by oxo groups at positions 1 and 3.	7.1	1	phthalimides
pyromellitic acid pyromellitic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyromellitic acid : A tetracarboxylic acid that is benzene substituted by four carboxy groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5 respectively.	2.31	1	benzoic acids; tetracarboxylic acid
2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,2,2,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) ester [no description available]	2.11	1	piperidines
chloranil Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.	2.31	1	1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.95	1	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.31	1	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
dithiol dithiol: structure	2.31	1
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	2.31	1	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
abietic acid abietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18.	3.01	4	abietane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid	plant metabolite
4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid [no description available]	2.31	1
agaric acid agaric acid: adenine nucleotide translocase antagonist	2.31	1
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.95	1	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2	1	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
phenethyl isothiocyanate phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.	2.31	1	isothiocyanate	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one: a preservative in water-based solutions such as paints, cutting fluids, printing inks, cleaning agents, polyvinyl chloride gloves, etc.. benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one : An organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.	2.31	1	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound	disinfectant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sensitiser; xenobiotic
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.06	1	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
butylated hydroxyanisole [no description available]	2	1
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.13	1	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	3.64	2	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	3.71	2	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	3.19	1	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
mefloquine (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	3.31	1	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol	antimalarial
staurosporine [no description available]	2.82	3	indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound	apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	3.4	2	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
zinc ethylphenyldithiocarbamate [no description available]	2.31	1
dehydroabietylamine dehydroabietylamine: has antimalarial activity; structure in first source	7.81	3	diterpenoid
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.08	1	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.95	1	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalin [no description available]	2.31	1	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
salvin salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae)	3.02	4	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.31	1	gallate ester; galloyl beta-D-glucose	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger
vanitiolide [no description available]	2.31	1	methoxybenzenes; phenols
magnolol [no description available]	2.95	1	biphenyls
honokiol [no description available]	2.95	1	biphenyls
alpha-amyrin alpha-amyrin: beta-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from taraxasterol that differs from beta-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 19 position. alpha-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.25	1	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol
LSM-4272 [no description available]	2.31	1	beta-carbolines
taxodione taxodione: structure	2.51	2	diterpenoid
lopinavir [no description available]	2.31	1	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
totarol totarol: structure given in first source; isolated from the bark of Podocarpus nagi	2.43	2	diterpenoid	metabolite
sugiol sugiol: diterpene with anti-inflammatory activity from Calocedrus formosana bark; structure in first source. sugiol : An abietane diterpenoid that is ferruginol in which the methylene group para to the phenolic hydroxy group has been substituted by an oxo group.	4.38	7	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; cyclic terpene ketone; meroterpenoid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
dehydroabietic acid dehydroabietic acid: major aquatic toxicant in effluent of pulp and paper mills. dehydroabietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted at position 18 by a carboxy group.. dehydroabietate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of dehydroabietic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	4.41	3	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid	allergen; metabolite
10-hydroxycamptothecin [no description available]	2.05	1	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
zpck ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin	2.31	1
tingenone tingenone: quinonoid triterpene isolated from Euonymus tingens	2.31	1
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	8.22	5	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
celastrol [no description available]	2.31	1	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
betulonic acid betulonic acid: isolated from Rush javanica; strucure in first source	2.95	1	triterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.31	1	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
aethiopinone aethiopinone: structure in first source	2.45	2
celastrol methyl ester celastrol methyl ester: isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii; potent inhibitory activity on both Kir2.1 and ERG1 potassium channels, leading to LONG QT SYNDROME	2.31	1	carboxylic ester
miltirone miltirone: from Salvis miltiorrhiza Bunge; central benzodiazepine receptor ligand; structure given in first source	2.53	2	abietane diterpenoid
cryptotanshinone cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza	2.53	2	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
tanshinone ii a tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source	2.53	2	abietane diterpenoid
2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2h)-one 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2H)-one: structure given in first source; sulfur analog of ebselen	2.31	1
helioxanthin helioxanthin: structure in first source. helioxanthin : A furonaphthodioxole that is furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-7(9H)-one substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at posiiton 10. It is a inhibitor of HBV, HCV and HSV-1 viruses.	1.99	1	benzodioxoles; furonaphthodioxole; lignan	anti-HBV agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
carboxyebselen carboxyebselen: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor	2.31	1
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	2.31	1	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
1-methylpropyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide 1-methylpropyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide: a thioredoxin inhibitor with antineoplastic activity	2.31	1	imidazoles
pimaric acid pimaric acid: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure	2.11	1	diterpenoid
sandaracopimaric acid sandaracopimaric acid: a terpenoid from Sagittaria sanittifolia L.. sandaracopimaric acid : A pimarane diterpenoid that is (1S,4aS,4bS,7R,10aS)-1,4a,7-trimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a-dodecahydrophenanthrene carrying a carboxy group at position 1 and a vinyl group at position 7. It is a natural product found in several plant species.	2.08	1	monocarboxylic acid; pimarane diterpenoid; tricyclic diterpenoid	plant metabolite
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.08	1
nsc 95397 [no description available]	2.31	1	1,4-naphthoquinones
nsc 663284 NSC 663284: structure in first source	2.31	1	quinolone
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.31	1	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
carnosol carnosol: isolated from Lepechinia hastata	2.52	2	diterpenoid
isopimaric acid isopimaric acid: isolated from the bark of Illicium jadifengpi	2.52	2	carbotricyclic compound; diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid
royleanone royleanone: from root of Salvia officinalis; structure given in first source	2.78	3
hinokinin hinokinin: suppresses expression of both HBsAg and HBeAg. hinokinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at positions 3 and 4 (the 3R,4R-diastereoisomer).	2.95	1	benzodioxoles; gamma-lactone; lignan	trypanocidal drug
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.06	1
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal: a proteasome inhibitor. acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal : A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.	2.31	1	aldehyde; tripeptide	cysteine protease inhibitor
abieta-7(8),13(14)-diene abieta-7(8),13(14)-diene: structure in first source. abietadiene : A diterpene consisting of abietane having two C=C double bonds at unspecified positions.	2.04	1	abietadiene
gw 3965 GW 3965: a liver X receptor ligand	2.31	1	diarylmethane
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.31	1	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.31	1	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
1-(2-Naphthylmethyl)-2,3-dioxo-indoline-5-carboxamide [no description available]	2.31	1	indolecarboxamide	anticoronaviral agent
manoyl oxide manoyl oxide: structure in first source	2.17	1
communic acid communic acid: structure in first source	2.46	2
glycosides [no description available]	2.05	1
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.02	1
1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-nitroethylene 4-methoxy-beta-nitrostyrene: has vasodilator activity; structure in first source	2.31	1	methoxybenzenes
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.31	1	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.31	1	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.03	1
6,7-dehydroroyleanone 6,7-dehydroroyleanone: diterpene abietane quinone isolated from Salvia moorcraftiana or Lepechinia bullata (both Lamiaceae); Rn given from CA Index Guide; RN not in Chemline 12/84; structure given in first source	3.64	3
horminone horminone: RN refers to (4bS-(4balpha,8abeta,10beta))-isomer; from root of Salvia officinalis; structure given in second source. horminone : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,12-diene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 12 and oxo groups at positions 11 and 14 (the 7alpha stereoisomer) .	3.15	5
5-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine [no description available]	2.31	1	sulfonic acid derivative	anticoronaviral agent
S-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl] 5-(phenylethynyl)furan-2-carbothioate [no description available]	2.31	1	acetylenic compound; furans; organofluorine compound; thioester; triazoles
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	2.95	1	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	2.03	1	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
telaprevir [no description available]	2.31	1	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
N-(4-Butan-2-ylphenyl)-N-[2-(cyclopentylamino)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]furan-2-carboxamide [no description available]	2.31	1	aromatic amide; furans	anticoronaviral agent
8-(Trifluoromethyl)-9H-purin-6-amine [no description available]	2.31	1	6-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent
l 663536 MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.	2.31	1	aryl sulfide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist
suramin sodium suramin(6-) : An organosulfate oxoanion that is the hexanion of suramin resulting from the deprotonation of the six sulfo groups; major species at pH 7.3.	2.31	1	organosulfate oxoanion
4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione: a GSK3beta inhibitor. TDZD-8 : A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). An experimental compound which was being developed for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.31	1	benzenes; thiadiazolidine	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	2.45	2
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.31	1	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
ginkgetin ginkgetin: from Cephalotaxus drupacea; biflavone; active against HSV-1; structure given in first source. ginkgetin : A biflavonoid that is the 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2.	2.52	2	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; methoxyflavone; ring assembly	anti-HSV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	2.52	2	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.44	2	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	2.52	2	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	2.52	2	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.13	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
amentoflavone [no description available]	2.52	2	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	2.31	1	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
sciadopitysin sciadopitysin: biflavonoid from Taxus celebica & Ginkgo biloba. sciadopitysin : A biflavonoid that is a 7, 4', 4'''-trimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone.	2.52	2	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; methoxyflavone; ring assembly	bone density conservation agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor
scutellarein scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.	2.31	1	tetrahydroxyflavone	metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.1	1	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
savinin savinin: a lignan from Pterocarpus santalinus inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and T cell proliferation; structure in first source. savinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylidene group at position 3 and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl group at position 4 (the 3E,4R-isomer). It exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.	2.95	1	benzodioxoles; gamma-lactone; lignan	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; T-cell proliferation inhibitor
benzyloxycarbonyl-phe-ala-fluormethylketone cathepsin B inhibitor : A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1).	2.31	1
bilobetin bilobetin: a phospholipase A2 antagonist	2.52	2	flavonoid oligomer
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.31	1	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
cinanserin Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.	2.31	1	aryl sulfide; cinnamamides; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
N-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanyl-L-valyl-N-{(2S,3E)-5-(benzyloxy)-5-oxo-1-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-3-en-2-yl}-L-leucinamide N-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanyl-L-valyl-N-{(2S,3E)-5-(benzyloxy)-5-oxo-1-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-3-en-2-yl}-L-leucinamide : A tripeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanyl-L-valine with the amino group of benzyl (2E,4S)-4-(L-leucylamino)-5-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-2-enoate. It is an inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2.	2.31	1	benzyl ester; isoxazoles; pyrrolidin-2-ones; tripeptide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
jatrophone jatrophone: RN refers to (2R-(2R,3aR,9E,12Z))-isomer; structure	7.17	1	oxolanes
isocupressic acid isocupressic acid: a labdane that induces premature LABOR	2.08	1
Ethyl (E,4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-2-enoate [no description available]	2.31	1	dipeptide	anticoronaviral agent
abietane [no description available]	8.04	3	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
mdl 201053 MDL 201053: Immunosuppressive Agent; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation	2.31	1
5-Chloro-3-pyridinyl 2-furoate [no description available]	2.31	1	carboxylic ester	anticoronaviral agent
pimarane pimarane: from Croton joufra; structure in first source	2.04	1	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
gambogic acid gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer	2.1	1	pyranoxanthones	metabolite
sp 100030 N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide: transcription factor inhibitor specific to T-cells	2.31	1
gw0742 GW 610742: structure in first source	2.31	1	monocarboxylic acid
benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(o-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(O-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal: inhibits chymotrypsin activity of the proteasome	2.31	1
1-oxomiltirone 1-oxomiltirone: from roots of the Iranian medicinal plant Perovskia abrotanoides; structure in first source	2.48	2
sepantronium sepantronium: a survivin suppressant with antineoplastic activity. sepantronium : An organic cation that is 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione in which the nitrogen at position 3 of the napthoimidazole moiety has been alkylated by a pyrazin-2-ylmethyl group.	2.31	1	organic cation
n-(3-amino-1-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2,3-dioxopropyl)-3-(2-((((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-carboxamide boceprevir : A synthetic tripeptide consisting of N-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl, a cyclopropyl-fused prolyl and 3-amino-4-cyclobutyl-2-oxobutanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.	2.31	1	tripeptide; ureas	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
alpha-cadinol alpha-cadinol : A cadinane sesquiterpenoid that is cadin-4-ene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 10.	3.33	2	cadinane sesquiterpenoid; carbobicyclic compound; octahydronaphthalenes; tertiary alcohol	fungicide; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
11-hydroxysugiol 11-hydroxysugiol : An abietane diterpenoid that is sugiol in which the hydrogen ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.59	2	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; cyclic terpene ketone; meroterpenoid	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
triptohypol C triptohypol C : A pentacyclic triterpenoid with formula C29H40O4, originally isolated from the root bark of Tripterygium regelii.	2.31	1	benzenediols; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
levomepromazine maleate 6-hydroxysalvinolone: from Salvia chorassanica; structure in first source	2.79	3
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one [no description available]	2.31	1	benzothiazoles
np 031112 tideglusib: an NSAID and neuroprotective agent. tideglusib : A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a naphthalen-1-yl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and has neuroprotective effects. Currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.	2.31	1	benzenes; naphthalenes; thiadiazolidine	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
nimbidiol nimbidiol: structure in first source	2.02	1
Dihydrotanshinone I dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae	2.31	1	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
mk-0893 [no description available]	2.31	1
ginsenoside rb3 [no description available]	7.41	1	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antidepressant; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
Benzotriazol-1-yl 1H-indole-5-carboxylate [no description available]	2.31	1	indolyl carboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent
tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).	2.31	1	tannin
oritavancin oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.	2.31	1	disaccharide derivative; glycopeptide; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
5-Bromopyridin-3-yl furan-2-carboxylate [no description available]	2.31	1	carboxylic ester	anticoronaviral agent
(5-Chloropyridin-3-yl) 1H-indole-5-carboxylate [no description available]	2.31	1	indolyl carboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent
5-Chloropyridin-3-yl 1H-indole-2-carboxylate [no description available]	2.31	1	indolyl carboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent
phenylmercuric acetate Phenylmercuric Acetate: A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide.	2.31	1	arylmercury compound; benzenes
thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.	2.31	1	alkylmercury compound	antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen
miltiradiene miltiradiene: from Saccharomyces cerevisiae; structure in first source. miltiradiene : An abietadiene in which the two doule bonds are located at positions 8 and 12. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of many important natural diterpene compounds such as triptolide, tanshinones, carnosic acid and carnosol.	8.04	4	abietadiene; carbotricyclic compound	plant metabolite
7-methoxyrosmanol 7-methoxyrosmanol: from Salvia dorrii; structure in first source	2.08	1
(5-Chloropyridin-3-yl) 1H-indole-4-carboxylate [no description available]	2.31	1	indolyl carboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent
nitd 609 NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source	3.31	1
Benzyl N-[(2S)-3-methyl-1-[[(2S)-4-methyl-1-oxo-1-[[(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]-1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)propan-2-yl]amino]pentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate [no description available]	2.31	1	dipeptide	anticoronaviral agent
amg-837 AMG-837: GPR40 agonist	2.31	1
N-[(1R)-2-(tert-butylamino)-2-oxo-1-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-furancarboxamide [no description available]	2.31	1	aromatic amide; furans
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	3.19	1	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.02	1
6-chloro-7-methoxy-2-methyl-3-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)quinolin-4(1h)-one 6-Chloro-7-methoxy-2-methyl-3-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phenyl)quinolin-4(1H)-one: structure in first source	3.31	1
bictegravir bictegravir: HIV Integrase Inhibitors. bictegravir : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R,5S,13aR)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzylamine. It is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and used (as its sodium salt) for the treatment of HIV-1.	2.31	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary carboxamide; trifluorobenzene	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	3.71	2	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	2.31	1	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
amg531 [no description available]	2.31	1
N-[(2S)-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxo-1-({(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}amino)propan-2-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide N-[(2S)-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxo-1-({(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}amino)propan-2-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3-cyclohexyl-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-alaninamide. It is an inhibitor of SARS coronavirus main proteinase and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture (EC50 = 0.53 muM).	2.31	1	aldehyde; indolecarboxamide; oligopeptide; pyrrolidin-2-ones; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
3-fluoro-Nalpha-(1H-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide 3-fluoro-Nalpha-(1H-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3-fluoro-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide. It is an inhibitor of SARS coronavirus main proteinase and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture (EC50 = 0.72 muM).	2.31	1	aldehyde; indolecarboxamide; monofluorobenzenes; oligopeptide; pyrrolidin-2-ones; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.11	1
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.11	1
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	3.46	2
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	3.46	2
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	4.45	3
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	4.45	3
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.41	1
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.76	2
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.41	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.76	2
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	3.52	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.81	3
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	2.15	1
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	2.15	1
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.17	1
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.17	1
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	7.21	1
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	7.21	1
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	2.21	1
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	2.21	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.11	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.11	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2.11	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.11	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.05	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.46	2
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.06	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.46	2
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.06	1
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	2.45	2
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.45	2
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	2.07	1
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	2.03	1
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.04	1
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.04	1
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.04	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.04	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.04	1
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.04	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.04	1
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.04	1

ferruginol

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ferruginol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (36)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (4)

Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (1)

Molecular Functions (12)

Ceullar Components (1)

Bioassays (143)

Research

Studies (65)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 30.99

Study Types

Related Drugs (192)

Related Conditions (41)