pixantrone profile

pixantrone: an immunosuppressant; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	134019
CHEMBL ID	167731
CHEBI ID	135945
SCHEMBL ID	7825
MeSH ID	M0229455

Synonym
6,9-bis((2-aminoethyl)amino)benzo(g)isoquinoline-5,10-dione
6,9-bis((2-aminoethyl)amino)benz(g)isoquinoline-5,10-dione
unii-f5sxn2knmr
6,9-aea-biqdo
benz(g)isoquinoline-5,10-dione, 6,9-bis((2-aminoethyl)amino)-
f5sxn2knmr ,
pixantrone [usan:inn:ban]
5,8-bis((2-aminoethyl)amino)-2-aza-anthracene-9,10-dione
pixantrone
144510-96-3
pixantrone (usan/inn)
D05522
bbr-2778
CHEBI:135945
AKOS005145782
CHEMBL167731
6,9-bis(2-aminoethylamino)benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione
A808224
6,9-bis(2-azanylethylamino)benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione
FT-0673961
FT-0689753
bbr2778
AM84406
HY-13727
SCHEMBL7825
gtpl7544
6,9-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione
pixantrone [usan]
pixantrone [who-dd]
pixantrone [mart.]
pixantrone [inn]
pixantrone [mi]
PEZPMAYDXJQYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
NCGC00274280-01
6,9-bis((2-aminoethyl)amino)benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione
AC-26441
pixantrone (bbr 2778)
DTXSID10162744
DB06193
(6,9-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione)
BCP05981
Q7199690
SB16817
benz[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione, 6,9-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-
6,9-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-5h,10h-benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione
EN300-18707593

Research Excerpts

Overview

Excerpt	Reference
"Pixantrone is a synthetic aza-anthracenedione currently used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. "	( Cutts, SM; Evison, BJ; Mansour, OC; Nudelman, A; Phillips, DR; Rephaeli, A, 2022)
"Pixantrone is a novel aza-anthracenedione agent with reduced potential for cardiotoxicity but maintained anti-tumour activity relative to anthracyclines."	( Bregni, M; de Barrenetxea Lekue, C; de Oteyza, JP; Grasso Cicala, S; Mombiedro, C; Navarro, B; Sancho, JM; Soler Campos, JA; Soler, B; Spione, M; Zinzani, PL, 2020)
"Pixantrone is an aza-anthracenedione, which, when compared to anthracyclines and anthracenediones, has a significantly reduced cardiotoxicity while maintaining good anti-tumor activity."	( Bregni, M; Bugli, A; Mitterer, M; Musuraca, G; Piazza, F; Pinto, A; Spione, M; Zinzani, PL, 2021)
"Pixantrone is a first-in-class aza-anthracenedione approved as monotherapy for treatment of relapsed or refractory aggressive diffuse B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), a patient group which is notoriously difficult to treat. "	( Bertoni, F; Cattan, V; Egorov, A; Han, H; Minotti, G, 2018)
"Pixantrone is a cytotoxic aza-anthracenedione that directly alkylates DNA-forming stable DNA adducts and cross-strand breaks."	( Dunder, K; Flores, B; Gisselbrecht, C; Hudson, I; Laane, E; Péan, E; Pignatti, F; Salmonson, T; Sjöberg, J, 2013)
"Pixantrone is an aza-anthracenedione with enhanced, preclinical antitumor activity and reduced cardiotoxicity compared with doxorubicin."	( Cernohous, P; Engert, A; Herbrecht, R; Le Gouill, S; Macdonald, D; Machida, C; Myint, H; Saleh, A; Singer, J; van der Jagt, R; Wilhelm, M, 2013)
"Pixantrone is a potential alternative agent with a favorable safety profile for the treatment of relapsed and refractory NHL patients. "	( Boyle, EM; Morschhauser, F, 2015)
"Pixantrone is a novel aza-anthracenedione active against aggressive lymphoma and is being evaluated for use against various hematologic and solid tumors. "	( Beeharry, N; Di Rora, AG; Smith, MR; Yen, TJ, 2015)
"Pixantrone (PIX) is an analog of mitoxantrone."	( Debouverie, M; Edan, G; Ferré, JC; Gonsette, R; Sindic, C, 2016)
"Pixantrone is a new noncardiotoxic aza-anthracenedione anticancer drug structurally related to anthracyclines and anthracenediones, such as doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. "	( Hasinoff, BB; Kanagasabai, R; Karmahapatra, S; Patel, D; Wu, X; Yalowich, JC, 2016)
"Pixantrone is a novel aza-anthracenedione which is structurally similar to anthracyclines and is licenced in R/R DLBCL and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)-approved following the PIX301 trial."	( Ardeshna, K; Bailey, C; Chaidos, A; Collins, GP; Cwynarski, K; Eden, D; Eyre, DW; Eyre, TA; Hatton, CS; Jasani, P; Kothari, J; Linton, KM; Osborne, WL; Rohman, P; Rowntree, C; Shankara, P, 2016)
"Pixantrone is a new drug with its own characteristics."	( Menna, P; Minotti, G; Salvatorelli, E, 2016)
"Pixantrone (BBR2778) is a novel anthracycline derivative, manufactured by Cell Therapeutics Incorporated, WA, USA. "	( El-Helw, LM; Hancock, BW, 2009)
"Pixantrone (BBR-2778) is a novel aza-anthracenedione anthracycline derivative developed by Cell Therapeutics Incorporated, WA, USA. "	( Mukherji, D; Pettengell, R, 2009)
"Pixantrone is a new aza-anthracenedione structurally similar to mitoxantrone and anthracyclines."	( Mukherji, D; Pettengell, R, 2010)
"Pixantrone is a potentially more effective, less cardiotoxic alternative to doxorubicin for patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (aNHL). "	( Borchmann, P; Cernohous, P; Engert, A; Herbrecht, R; Hess, G; Morschhauser, F; Singer, JW; Veals, SA; Wilhelm, M, 2011)
"Pixantrone is a novel aza-anthracenedione, similar in structure to anthracyclines, including the anthracycline derivative mitoxantrone. "	( Jamal-Hanjani, M; Pettengell, R, 2011)
"Pixantrone is an active and safe drug that has been shown to be of benefit when used to treat patients with relapsed aggressive NHL in the context of Phase II and Phase III studies. "	( Jamal-Hanjani, M; Pettengell, R, 2011)
"Pixantrone is a novel anthracycline derivative, manufactured by Cell Therapeutics Incorporated, WA, USA. "	( Papadatos-Pastos, D; Pettengell, R, 2013)
"Pixantrone (PIX) is an analogue of MX devoid of toxic effects on cardiac tissue and was developed as a replacement for other anthracenediones in cancer patients."	( Dubois, B; Gonsette, RE, 2004)
"Pixantrone is an anthraquinone-based inhibitor of topoisomerase II. "	( Borchmann, P; Schnell, R, 2005)
"Pixantrone is an immunesuppressor similar to mitoxantrone but with lower cardiotoxicity. "	( Aldinucci, A; Ballerini, C; Biagioli, T; Cavaletti, G; Cavalletti, E; Frigo, M; Lolli, F; Massacesi, L; Mazzanti, B; Oggioni, N; Riccio, P; Rota, S; Tagliabue, E, 2005)
"Pixantrone (BBR-2778) is a novel mitoxantrone-like drug, which lacks the 5,8-dihyroxy substitution groups thought to be responsible for the cardiac toxicity associated with mitoxantrone. "	( El-Helw, LM; Hancock, BW, 2007)

Effects

Excerpt	Reference
"Pixantrone has a conditional European marketing approval for monotherapy in adults with multiple relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma."	( Andorsky, D; Beck, JT; Belada, D; Dakhil, S; Daly, R; Dean, JP; Failloux, N; Georgiev, P; Hübel, K; Inhorn, LF; Pavlyuk, M; Pettengell, R; Quick, D, 2016)
"Pixantrone (PIX) has been approved for treating aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma."	( Li, L; Li, Y; Li, Z; Liu, S; She, P; Wu, Y; Yang, Y; Zhou, L, 2022)
"Pixantrone has a conditional European marketing approval for monotherapy in adults with multiple relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma."	( Andorsky, D; Beck, JT; Belada, D; Dakhil, S; Daly, R; Dean, JP; Failloux, N; Georgiev, P; Hübel, K; Inhorn, LF; Pavlyuk, M; Pettengell, R; Quick, D, 2016)
"Pixantrone has also been used for the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and the combination of pixantrone and rituximab has been shown to be superior to rituximab alone in relapsed or refractory disease in the phase III PIX302 study."	( Mukherji, D; Pettengell, R, 2009)
"Pixantrone has been shown to be superior to other single-agent therapies for the salvage treatment of relapsed/refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. "	( Mukherji, D; Pettengell, R, 2010)

Class	Description
isoquinolines	A class of organic heteropolycyclic compound consisting of isoquinoline and its substitution derivatives.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.8999	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
G	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.6837	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	Potency	6.0385	0.0096	10.5250	35.4813	AID1479145; AID1479148
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergy	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacterium	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complex	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
virion membrane	Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
fibrillar center	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (16)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID315337	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI+/AnnV- cells after 12 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315338	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI-/AnnV+ cells after 12 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315331	Cytotoxicity against human HT29 cells after 72 hrs	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315342	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI-/AnnV+ cells after 24 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315335	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI+/AnnV+ cells after 6 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315336	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI-/AnnV- cells after 12 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID232016	Resistance index is the ratio of IC50 of resistant cell line/IC50 of sensitive cell line	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-18, Volume: 37, Issue:6	6,9-Bis[(aminoalkyl)amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-diones. A novel class of chromophore-modified antitumor anthracene-9,10-diones: synthesis and antitumor evaluations.
AID315332	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI-/AnnV- cells after 6 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315334	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI-/AnnV+ cells after 6 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID102188	Tested in vitro for cytotoxic activity against Human colon Adenocarcinoma sensitive cell line (LoVo)	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-18, Volume: 37, Issue:6	6,9-Bis[(aminoalkyl)amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-diones. A novel class of chromophore-modified antitumor anthracene-9,10-diones: synthesis and antitumor evaluations.
AID315341	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI+/AnnV- cells after 24 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315340	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI-/AnnV- cells after 24 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315339	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI+/AnnV+ cells after 12 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID102331	Tested in vitro for cytotoxic activity against Doxorubicin resistant Human colon Adenocarcinoma sensitive cell line	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-18, Volume: 37, Issue:6	6,9-Bis[(aminoalkyl)amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-diones. A novel class of chromophore-modified antitumor anthracene-9,10-diones: synthesis and antitumor evaluations.
AID315343	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI+/AnnV+ cells after 24 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315333	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI+/AnnV- cells after 6 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	4 (4.40)	18.2507
2000's	24 (26.37)	29.6817
2010's	50 (54.95)	24.3611
2020's	13 (14.29)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	16 (17.39%)	5.53%
Reviews	16 (17.39%)	6.00%
Case Studies	3 (3.26%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (1.09%)	0.25%
Other	56 (60.87%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (15)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Pixantrone (BBR 2778) Versus Other Chemotherapeutic Agents for Third-line Single Agent Treatment of Patients With Relapsed Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Randomized, Controlled, Phase III Comparative Trial[NCT00088530]	Phase 3	140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-07-31	Completed
A Phase I/II Study of Pixantrone (BBR 2778) in Patients With Refractory Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)[NCT00106600]	Phase 1/Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-03-31	Completed
A Phase 1, Dose-Escalation Study of Pixantrone Monotherapy in Pediatric Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Cancer[NCT02800889]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-24	Withdrawn(stopped due to Study withdrawn; no participants enrolled)
A Multicentre, Phase II, Open Label, Single Arm Study of Pixantrone in Patients With CD20-positive Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With Rituximab, Ifosfamide and Etoposide.[NCT03458260]	Phase 2	74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-26	Active, not recruiting
A Non-randomized Cohort Study With Matched Controls Investigating Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Safety of a Single Dose of Pixantrone With Metastatic Cancer and Moderate, Severe, or No Hepatic Impairment.[NCT01632436]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to No eligible patients enrolled)
Fludarabine, BBR 2778 (Pixantrone) and Rituximab (FP-R) vs Fludarabine and Rituximab (F-R) for Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma[NCT00577161]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to closed to enrollment)
A Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing the Combination of Fludarabine, BBR 2778 (Pixantrone) and Rituximab (FP-R) With the Combination of Fludarabine and Rituximab (F-R) in the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymph[NCT00551239]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Withdrawn
A Phase I Trial of BBR 2778 in Combination With Fludarabine, Dexamethasone and Rituximab in the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma[NCT00060684]	Phase 1	30 participants	Interventional	2001-12-31	Completed
A Phase II Trial of BBR 2778 in Combination With Cytarabine, Methylprednisolone and Cisplatin (BSHAP) as Salvage in Patients With Relapsed Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma[NCT00069966]	Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional	2003-04-30	Active, not recruiting
A Phase I Trial of BBR 2778 in Combination With Cytarabine, Methylprednisolone and Cisplatin in the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma[NCT00053105]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional	2002-02-28	Active, not recruiting
An Open-Label, Randomized, Phase III Comparative Trial of BBR 2778 + Rituximab Versus Rituximab in the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)[NCT00060671]	Phase 3	800 participants	Interventional	2005-01-31	Terminated
Randomized Phase II Study of Two Doses of Pixantrone in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer[NCT01086605]	Phase 2	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
Phase I/II Study of the Combination of Bendamustine, Rituximab and Pixantrone in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory B Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma[NCT01491841]	Phase 1	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-11-01	Completed
A Randomized Multicenter Study Comparing Pixantrone + Rituximab With Gemcitabine + Rituximab in Patients With Aggressive B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Who Have Relapsed After Therapy With CHOP-R or an Equivalent Regimen and Are Ineligible for Stem Cell Tran[NCT01321541]	Phase 3	312 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-20	Completed
The GOAL Trial: Rescue Treatment With the Monoclonal Anti CD20-antibody Obinutuzumab (GA101) in Combination With Pixantrone for the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed Aggressive B-cell Lymphoma[NCT02499003]	Phase 2	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-14	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Overall Response Rate (ORR) Lasting at Least 4 Months

The proportion of patients with Complete response or Partial Response with a difference from the first documented objective response to disease progression or death of at least 4 months. (NCT00088530)
Timeframe: approximately 24 months

Intervention	participants (Number)
Experimental Group	12
Comparator Group	6

Overall Survival

The time between the date of randomization and the date of death due to any cause. (NCT00088530)
Timeframe: 18 months after 6 cycles of treatment; approximately 24 months

Intervention	Months (Median)
Experimental Group	10.2
Comparator Group	7.6

Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

The time between the date of randomization and the date of the initial documentation of progressive/relapsed disease or death due to any cause. (NCT00088530)
Timeframe: 18 months after 6 cycles of treatment; approximately 24 months

Intervention	months (Median)
Experimental Group	5.3
Comparator Group	2.6

Complete Response (CR) and Complete Response Unconfirmed (CRu)

Proportion of patients with a best response of complete response (CR) or Complete Response unconfirmed (CRu) in the End Of Treatment (EOT) or End Of Study (EOS) analyses by independent assessment in the Intent-to-treat (ITT) population through the End of Treatment (EOT) (NCT00088530)
Timeframe: EOT; approximately 6 months

Intervention	percentage of randomized patients (Number)
	END OF TREATMENT: CR/CRu, n (%)	END OF STUDY: CR/CRu, n (%)
Comparator Group	5.7	7.1
Experimental Group	20.0	24.3

6-month Progression-free Survival Rate

The 6-month progression free survival (6-mo PFS) rate is the proportion of efficacy-evaluable patients progression-free 6 months from registration. The 6-mo PFS rate is defined as the total number of efficacy-evaluable patients on study without documentation of disease progression 6 months from registration divided by the total number of efficacy-evaluable patients enrolled on study. Patients who died without documentation of progression will be considered to have progressed on the date of their death. The true 6-mo PFS rate will be estimated by the proportion of efficacy-evaluable patients on study without documentation of disease progression 6 months from registration at each dose level. Binomial confidence intervals for 6-mo PFS rate will be constructed for each dose level. Progression is defined using the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines (version 1.1). (NCT01086605)
Timeframe: At 6 months

Intervention	proportion (Number)
Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1)	0.375
Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15)	0.265

Duration of Response

Duration of response is defined for all evaluable patients with measurable disease who have achieved a confirmed response as the date at which the patient's earliest best objective status is first noted to be either a CR or PR to the earliest date progression is documented at each dose level. If a patient dies subsequent to the confirmed response without a documentation of disease progression, the patient will be considered to have had disease progression at the time of their death. In the case of a patient failing to return for evaluations before a documentation of disease progression, the patient will be censored for progression on the date of last evaluation. The distribution of duration of response will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier at each dose level. (NCT01086605)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Intervention	months (Mean)
Arm I/Group A + Arm II/Group B	5.8

Overall Survival Time

Survival time is defined as the time from registration to death due to any cause. The distribution of survival time will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier at each dose level. (NCT01086605)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Intervention	months (Median)
Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1)	16.8
Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15)	9.6

Proportion of Confirmed Tumor Responses (Complete or Partial Response)

The proportion of confirmed responses will be estimated by the number of women who achieve a CR or PR on two consecutive evaluations at least 6-8 weeks apart depending on the dose level. The proportion of successes will be estimated by the number of successes divided by the total number of evaluable patients at each dose level. Confidence intervals for the true success proportion at each dose level will be calculated according to the approach of Duffy and Santner. Response will be evaluated in this study using the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines (version 1.1); Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions, each target lymph node must have reduction in short axis to <1.0 cm. and normalization of tumor biomarkers. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters of the non-nodal target lesions and the short axis of the target lymph nodes taking as reference the Baseline Sum of Diameters. (NCT01086605)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Intervention	proportion (Number)
Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1)	0.08
Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15)	0.05

Time to Disease Progression

Time to disease progression is defined as the time from registration to the earliest date of documentation of disease progression. If a patient dies without a documentation of disease progression the patient will be considered to have had disease progression at the time of their death. If the patient is declared to be a major treatment violation, the patient will be censored on the date the treatment violation was declared to have occurred. In the case of a patient starting treatment and then never returning for any evaluations, the patient will be censored for progression one day post-registration. The distribution of time to progression will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier at each dose level. Progression is defined using the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines (version 1.1). (NCT01086605)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Intervention	months (Median)
Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1)	2.8
Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15)	2.5

Toxicity

For this secondary endpoint, toxicity is defined as a grade 3 or higher adverse events that is classified as either possibly, probably, or definitely related to study treatment. The assignment of attribution to study treatment and grade (or degree of severity) of the adverse event are classified using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. The number of participants reporting a grade 3 or higher toxicity is reported. For a list of all reported adverse events, please refer to the Adverse Events Section below. (NCT01086605)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year after treatment

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1)	16
Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15)	19

Maximum Tolerated Dose

Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) assessments were performed weekly during cycles 1 and 2. A DLT was defined as any grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity that lasted longer than 48 hours, despite proper supportive care, any grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity, or any grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity lasting longer than 7 days. Alopecia and febrile neutropenia were not considered DLTs. Any NCI CTC (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria) v4.03 grade 5 (death) toxicity was considered a DLT. Dose Limiting Toxicities were used as the assessment criteria to determine the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD). MTD is presented. (NCT01491841)
Timeframe: 4 years

Intervention	milligrams per meter squared (Number)
Bendamustine + Rituximab + Pixantrone + Pegfilgrastim	115

Overall Response

"Partial response and complete response evaluated using a modified version of the revised response criteria for malignant lymphoma by Cheson et al~Complete Response (CR) • Complete disappearance of all detectable clinical and radiographic evidence of disease and disappearance of all disease-related symptoms if present prior to therapy.~Complete Response Unconfirmed (CRu) meets the CR criteria, but with one or more of the following:~A residual node > 1.5 cm in greatest transverse diameter that has regressed >75% in the sum of the product of the diameters (SPD). Individual nodes that were previously confluent must have regressed >75% in their SPD compared with the size of the original mass.~Indeterminate bone marrow (increased number or size of aggregates without cytologic or architectural atypia by immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry).~Partial Response (PR)~• A decrease of ≥ 50% in the SPD of up to six of the largest dominant nodes or nodal masses." (NCT01491841)
Timeframe: up to 220 days

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Pixantrone, 55mg/m^2	2
Pixantrone, 85mg/m^2	2
Pixantrone, 115mg/m^2	5

Overall Survival

(NCT01491841)
Timeframe: from day 1 of treatment to death

Intervention	months (Median)
Bendamustine + Rituximab + Pixantrone + Pegfilgrastim	7.9

Progression Free Survival

(NCT01491841)
Timeframe: From day 1 of treatment to disease progression, death or 5 years, whichever comes first

Intervention	months (Median)
Bendamustine + Rituximab + Pixantrone + Pegfilgrastim	3.9

Toxicity

Dose limiting toxicities plus % of patients with a clinically significant change in left ventricular ejection fraction. (NCT01491841)
Timeframe: 30 days post last dose of study drug

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Dose-Limiting Toxicity	Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction	Other Adverse Events
Phase 1: Pixantrone, 115mg/m^2	1	0	6
Phase 1: Pixantrone, 55mg/m^2	1	1	6
Phase 1: Pixantrone, 85mg/m^2	1	0	6

Complete Response Rate

CRR is defined as the proportion of patients who achieve a Complete Response (CR) without additional therapy. CR is defined as the disappearance of all target lesions. (NCT01321541)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to the date of the patient's death due to any cause (Up to 100 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Pixantrone + Rituximab	55
Gemcitabine + Rituximab	34

Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) Related to Study Drug

The number of Participants with Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) related to study drug (pixantrone or gemcitabine) (NCT01321541)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to the date of the patient's death due to any cause (Up to 100 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Pixantrone + Rituximab	140
Gemcitabine + Rituximab	140

Overall Response Rate

ORR is defined as the proportion of patients who achieve a CR or PR without additional therapy. (NCT01321541)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to the date of the patient's death due to any cause (Up to 100 weeks)

Intervention	percentage of patients (Number)
Pixantrone + Rituximab	61.9
Gemcitabine + Rituximab	43.9

Overall Survival

Overall survival is from randomization to death due to any cause (NCT01321541)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to the date of the patient's death due to any cause (Up to 100 weeks)

Intervention	Months (Median)
Pixantrone + Rituximab	13.3
Gemcitabine + Rituximab	19.6

Progression Free Survival (PFS)

PFS is defined as the time of randomization to the date of disease progression or death due to any cause (whichever occurs first) (NCT01321541)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization to the date of progressive disease or death due to any cause (whichever is first reported) (Up to 100 weeks)

Intervention	Months (Median)
Pixantrone + Rituximab	7.3
Gemcitabine + Rituximab	6.3

Article	Year
Effectiveness and Safety of Pixantrone for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Every-Day Clinical Practice: The Italian Cohort of the PIXA Registry. Acta haematologica, Volume: 144, Issue: 3	2021
Efficacy and safety of pixantrone for the treatment of multiply relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas. European journal of haematology, Volume: 104, Issue: 5	2020
Mechanisms of Action and Reduced Cardiotoxicity of Pixantrone; a Topoisomerase II Targeting Agent with Cellular Selectivity for the Topoisomerase IIα Isoform. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Volume: 356, Issue: 2	2016
Pixantrone: merging safety with efficacy. Expert review of hematology, Volume: 6, Issue: 1	2013
The novel anthracenedione, pixantrone, lacks redox activity and inhibits doxorubicinol formation in human myocardium: insight to explain the cardiac safety of pixantrone in doxorubicin-treated patients. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Volume: 344, Issue: 2	2013
Pixantrone (BBR2778): a new immunosuppressant in multiple sclerosis with a low cardiotoxicity. Journal of the neurological sciences, Aug-15, Volume: 223, Issue: 1	2004
Comparison of aza-anthracenedione-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity in experimental tumor cells. Biochemical pharmacology, Sep-28, Volume: 50, Issue: 7	1995
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia	low	1	0
Acute Disease	medium	2	1
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis	medium	2	1
Adenocarcinoma	low	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell	low	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Granular Cell	low	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Oxyphilic	low	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Tubular	low	1	0
Adenoma, Malignant	low	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis	low	2	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis, Experimental	low	2	0
Alzheimer Dementia	low	1	0
Alzheimer Disease	low	1	0
Alzheimer Disease, Early Onset	low	1	0
Alzheimer Disease, Late Onset	low	1	0
Alzheimer Sclerosis	low	1	0
Alzheimer Syndrome	low	1	0
Alzheimer Type Senile Dementia	low	1	0
Alzheimer-Type Dementia (ATD)	low	1	0
Alzheimer's Disease	low	1	0
Alzheimer's Disease, Focal Onset	low	1	0
Alzheimer's Diseases	low	1	0
Amyloid Deposits	low	1	0
Amyloid Plaques	low	1	0
Anemia	medium	1	1
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Experimental	low	2	0
Autoimmune Experimental Encephalomyelitis	low	2	0
Autoimmune Experimental Myasthenia Gravis	low	2	0
B-Cell Lymphoma	medium	7	2
Benign Neoplasms	medium	5	2
Bilateral Wilms Tumor	low	1	0
Blood Diseases	medium	1	1
Body Weight	low	1	0
Bone Cancer	low	1	0
Bone Neoplasms	low	1	0
Borrelia hermsii Infection	medium	1	1
Borrelia recurrentis Infection	medium	1	1
Brill-Symmers Disease	medium	2	1
Cancer	medium	5	2
Cancer of Bone	low	1	0
Cancer of Colon	low	1	0
Cancer of Kidney	low	1	0
Cancer of Lung	low	2	0
Cancer of the Bone	low	1	0
Cancer of the Colon	low	1	0
Cancer of the Kidney	low	1	0
Cancer of the Lung	low	2	0
Carcinoma, Cribriform	low	1	0
Carcinoma, Granular Cell	low	1	0
Carcinoma, Tubular	low	1	0
Cardiac Diseases	low	1	0
Cardiac Disorders	low	1	0
Cardiac Failure	medium	1	1
Cardiac Toxicity	low	2	0
Cardiomyopathies	low	1	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary	low	1	0
Cardiomyopathies, Secondary	low	1	0
Cardiotoxicity	low	2	0
Chronic Disease	low	1	0
Chronic Illness	low	1	0
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis	medium	2	1
Chronically Ill	low	1	0
Colon Cancer	low	1	0
Colon Neoplasms	low	1	0
Colonic Cancer	low	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms	low	1	0
Congestive Heart Failure	medium	1	1
Dementia, Alzheimer Type	low	1	0
Dementia, Presenile	low	1	0
Dementia, Primary Senile Degenerative	low	1	0
Dementia, Senile	low	1	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma	medium	13	3
Diffuse Large-Cell Lymphoma	medium	13	3
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma	medium	33	9
Diffuse Mixed-Cell Lymphoma	medium	33	9
Diffuse Small Cleaved-Cell Lymphoma	medium	33	9
Diffuse Undifferentiated Lymphoma	medium	33	9
Diffuse, Large B-Cell, Lymphoma	medium	13	3
Disease Exacerbation	low	1	0
Disease Models, Animal	low	2	0
Disease Progression	low	1	0
Early Onset Alzheimer Disease	low	1	0
Encephalomyelitis, Allergic	low	2	0
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental	low	2	0
Encephalomyelitis, Experimental Autoimmune	low	2	0
Ewing Sarcoma	low	1	0
Ewing Tumor	low	1	0
Ewing's Sarcoma	low	1	0
Ewing's Tumor	low	1	0
Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis	low	2	0
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis	low	2	0
Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis, Passive Transfer	low	2	0
Experimental Myasthenia	low	2	0
Experimental Myasthenia Gravis	low	2	0
Familial Alzheimer Disease (FAD)	low	1	0
Focal Onset Alzheimer's Disease	low	1	0
Follicular Large-Cell Lymphoma	medium	2	1
Follicular Lymphoma	medium	2	1
Follicular Lymphoma, Giant	medium	2	1
Follicular Lymphoma, Grade 1	medium	2	1
Follicular Lymphoma, Grade 2	medium	2	1
Follicular Lymphoma, Grade 3	medium	2	1
Follicular Mixed-Cell Lymphoma	medium	2	1
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked	low	1	0
Genetic Diseases, X-Linked	low	1	0
Germinoblastoma	low	1	0
Giant Follicular Lymphoma	medium	2	1
Heart Decompensation	medium	1	1
Heart Diseases	low	1	0
Heart Disorders	low	1	0
Heart Failure	medium	1	1
Heart Failure, Congestive	medium	1	1
Heart Failure, Left-Sided	medium	1	1
Heart Failure, Right-Sided	medium	1	1
Hematologic Diseases	medium	1	1
Hematologic Malignancies	low	1	0
Hematologic Malignancy	low	1	0
Hematologic Neoplasms	low	1	0
Hematological Diseases	medium	1	1
Hematological Malignancies	low	1	0
Hematological Neoplasms	low	1	0
Hematopoietic Malignancies	low	1	0
Hematopoietic Neoplasms	low	1	0
Histiocytic Lymphoma	medium	13	3
Histiocytic Lymphoma, Diffuse	medium	13	3
Histiocytic Lymphoma, Nodular	medium	2	1
Kahler Disease	low	1	0
Kidney Cancer	low	1	0
Kidney Diseases	low	1	0
Kidney Neoplasms	low	1	0
Large Lymphoid Lymphoma, Diffuse	medium	13	3
Large Lymphoid Lymphoma, Nodular	medium	2	1
Large-Cell Lymphoma, Diffuse	medium	13	3
Large-Cell Lymphoma, Follicular	medium	2	1
Late Onset Alzheimer Disease	low	1	0
Left-Sided Heart Failure	medium	1	1
Leucocythaemia	low	1	0
Leucocythemia	low	1	0
Leukemia	low	1	0
Leukemia L 1210	low	2	0
Leukemia L1210	low	2	0
Leukemia P388	low	1	0
Leukemia, Plasma Cell	low	1	0
Leukemia, Plasmacytic	low	1	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence	medium	6	5
Local Neoplasm Recurrences	medium	6	5
Locoregional Neoplasm Recurrence	medium	6	5
Louse-borne Relapsing Fever	medium	1	1
Lung Cancer	low	2	0
Lung Neoplasms	low	2	0
Lymphatic Sarcoma	medium	33	9
Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Nodular, Poorly Differentiated	medium	2	1
Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Nodular, Poorly-Differentiated	medium	2	1
Lymphocytopenia	medium	1	1
Lymphoma, Atypical Diffuse Small Lymphoid	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, B-Cell	medium	7	2
Lymphoma, Diffuse	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Diffuse Large-Cell	medium	13	3
Lymphoma, Diffuse, Mixed Lymphocytic-Histiocytic	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Follicular Large-Cell	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Follicular, Grade 1	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Follicular, Grade 2	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Follicular, Grade 3	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Follicular, Mixed Cell	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Follicular, Mixed Lymphocytic-Histiocytic	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Follicular, Mixed Small and Large Lymphoid	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Follicular, Small and Large Cleaved Cell	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Follicular, Small and Large Cleaved-Cell	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Giant Follicular	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, High-Grade	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Histiocytic	medium	13	3
Lymphoma, Histiocytic, Diffuse	medium	13	3
Lymphoma, Histiocytic, Nodular	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Intermediate-Grade	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Large Cell, Diffuse	medium	13	3
Lymphoma, Large Cell, Follicular	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Large Lymphoid, Diffuse	medium	13	3
Lymphoma, Large Lymphoid, Nodular	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Diffuse	medium	13	3
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Follicular	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Low-Grade	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Nodular, Poorly Differentiated	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Nodular, Poorly-Differentiated	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Malignant	low	1	0
Lymphoma, Mixed	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Mixed Cell, Diffuse	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Mixed Lymphocytic-Histiocytic	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Mixed Small and Large Cell, Diffuse	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Mixed-Cell	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Mixed-Cell, Diffuse	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Mixed-Cell, Follicular	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Nodular	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Nodular, Large Follicular Center Cell	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Nodular, Large Follicular Center-Cell	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Nodular, Mixed Lymphocytic Histiocytic	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Nodular, Mixed Lymphocytic-Histiocytic	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Nodular, Mixed Small and Large Cell	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, Familial	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkins	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Nonhodgkin's	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Nonhodgkins	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Pleomorphic	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Small and Large Cleaved-Cell, Diffuse	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Small Cleaved Cell, Diffuse	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Small Cleaved Cell, Follicular	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Small Cleaved-Cell, Diffuse	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Small Cleaved-Cell, Follicular	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Small Follicular Center-Cell	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Small Lymphoid, Follicular	medium	2	1
Lymphoma, Small Non-Cleaved-Cell	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Small Noncleaved-Cell	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Undifferentiated	medium	33	9
Lymphoma, Undifferentiated, Diffuse	medium	33	9
Lymphopenia	medium	1	1
Lymphosarcoma	medium	33	9
Malignancies, Hematologic	low	1	0
Malignancy	medium	5	2
Malignancy, Hematologic	low	1	0
Malignant Neoplasms	medium	5	2
Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma, Diffuse	medium	33	9
Mixed-Cell Lymphoma	medium	33	9
Mixed-Cell Lymphoma, Diffuse	medium	33	9
Mixed-Cell Lymphoma, Follicular	medium	2	1
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)	low	2	0
Multiple Myeloma	low	1	0
Multiple Sclerosis	low	2	0
Multiple Sclerosis, Acute Fulminating	low	2	0
Multiple Sclerosis, Acute Relapsing	medium	2	1
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive	medium	2	1
Multiple Sclerosis, Primary Progressive	medium	2	1
Multiple Sclerosis, Progressive Relapsing	medium	2	1
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting	medium	2	1
Multiple Sclerosis, Remittent Progressive	medium	2	1
Multiple Sclerosis, Secondary Progressive	medium	2	1
Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune Experimental	low	2	0
Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental	low	2	0
Myasthenia Gravis, Experimental Autoimmune	low	2	0
Myeloma-Multiple	low	1	0
Myeloma, Multiple	low	1	0
Myeloma, Plasma-Cell	low	1	0
Myelomatosis	low	1	0
Myocardial Diseases	low	1	0
Myocardial Diseases, Primary	low	1	0
Myocardial Diseases, Secondary	low	1	0
Myocardial Failure	medium	1	1
Myocardiopathies	low	1	0
Neoplasia	medium	5	2
Neoplasm	medium	5	2
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local	medium	6	5
Neoplasm Recurrence, Locoregional	medium	6	5
Neoplasm Recurrences, Local	medium	6	5
Neoplasms, Benign	medium	5	2
Neoplasms, Bone	low	1	0
Neoplasms, Colonic	low	1	0
Neoplasms, Hematologic	low	1	0
Neoplasms, Hematopoietic	low	1	0
Neoplasms, Kidney	low	1	0
Neoplasms, Lung	low	2	0
Neoplasms, Pulmonary	low	2	0
Nephroblastoma	low	1	0
Neuritic Plaques	low	1	0
Neutropenia	medium	4	2
Nodular Large Follicular Center-Cell Lymphoma	medium	2	1
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma	medium	33	9
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma	medium	33	9
P388D(1) Leukemia	low	1	0
Passive Transfer Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis	low	2	0
Plaque, Amyloid	low	1	0
Plaques, Amyloid	low	1	0
Plasma Cell Leukemia	low	1	0
Plasma Cell Myeloma	low	1	0
Plasmacytic Leukemia	low	1	0
Presenile Alzheimer Dementia	low	1	0
Primary Myocardial Diseases	low	1	0
Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis	medium	2	1
Primary Senile Degenerative Dementia	low	1	0
Progressive Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis	medium	2	1
Pulmonary Cancer	low	2	0
Pulmonary Neoplasms	low	2	0
Recrudescence	medium	11	4
Recurrence	medium	11	4
Recurrence, Local Neoplasm	medium	6	5
Recurrence, Locoregional Neoplasm	medium	6	5
Recurrences, Local Neoplasm	medium	6	5
Relapse	medium	11	4
Relapsing Fever	medium	1	1
Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis	medium	2	1
Remittent Progressive Multiple Sclerosis	medium	2	1
Remitting-Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis	medium	2	1
Renal Cancer	low	1	0
Renal Neoplasms	low	1	0
Reticulolymphosarcoma	low	1	0
Reticulosarcoma	medium	33	9
Reticulum Cell Sarcoma	medium	33	9
Reticulum-Cell Sarcoma	medium	33	9
Rhabdomyosarcoma	low	1	0
Right-Sided Heart Failure	medium	1	1
Sarcoma 180	low	1	0
Sarcoma 180, Crocker	low	1	0
Sarcoma, Ewing	low	1	0
Sarcoma, Ewing's	low	1	0
Sarcoma, Germinoblastic	low	1	0
Sarcoma, Lymphatic	medium	33	9
Sarcoma, Reticulum-Cell	medium	33	9
Sclerosis, Disseminated	low	2	0
Secondary Myocardial Diseases	low	1	0
Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis	medium	2	1
Senile Dementia, Acute Confusional	low	1	0
Senile Dementia, Alzheimer Type	low	1	0
Senile Plaques	low	1	0
Small Cleaved-Cell Lymphoma, Diffuse	medium	33	9
Small Cleaved-Cell Lymphoma, Follicular	medium	2	1
Small Follicular Center-Cell Lymphoma	medium	2	1
Small Non-Cleaved-Cell Lymphoma	medium	33	9
Small Noncleaved-Cell Lymphoma	medium	33	9
Thrombocytopenia	medium	3	1
Thrombopenia	medium	3	1
Tick-borne Relapsing Fever	medium	1	1
Tumors	medium	5	2
Undifferentiated Lymphoma	medium	33	9
Wilms Tumor	low	1	0
Wilms Tumor 1	low	1	0
Wilms' Tumor	low	1	0
X-Linked Genetic Diseases	low	1	0

Article	Year
Pixantrone: a B-cell-depleting immunosuppressant for multiple sclerosis patients with active disease. Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), Volume: 22, Issue: 6	2016
Pixantrone (BBR2778): a new immunosuppressant in multiple sclerosis with a low cardiotoxicity. Journal of the neurological sciences, Aug-15, Volume: 223, Issue: 1	2004
A comparison of the benefits of mitoxantrone and other recent therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, Volume: 5, Issue: 4	2004
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Article	Year
A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the novel aza-anthracenedione compound BBR 2778 in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, Volume: 7, Issue: 1	2001
A clinical phase I and pharmacokinetic study of BBR 2778, a novel anthracenedione analogue, administered intravenously, 3 weekly. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), Volume: 36, Issue: 18	2000
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Article	Year
Phase I study of BBR 2778, a new aza-anthracenedione, in advanced or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology, Volume: 12, Issue: 5	2001
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Description	Relationhip Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
ametantrone	[no description available]	medium	1	0
mitoxantrone	[no description available]	medium	13	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
formaldehyde	[no description available]	medium	6	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rifampin	[no description available]	medium	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
panobinostat	[no description available]	medium	1	0	cinnamamides; hydroxamic acid; methylindole; secondary amino compound	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
deoxycytidine	[no description available]	medium	3	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gemcitabine	[no description available]	medium	3	1	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
piperazine	[no description available]	medium	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
n-acetylneuraminic acid	[no description available]	medium	4	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisone	[no description available]	medium	5	2	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
trifluridine	[no description available]	medium	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
stearylamine	[no description available]	medium	3	0	primary aliphatic amine	film-forming compound
piperidines	[no description available]	medium	2	0
adenine	[no description available]	medium	2	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pci 32765	[no description available]	medium	2	0	acrylamides; aromatic amine; aromatic ether; N-acylpiperidine; pyrazolopyrimidine; tertiary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
idelalisib	[no description available]	medium	1	0	aromatic amine; organofluorine compound; purines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
etoposide	[no description available]	medium	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
bendamustine hydrochloride	[no description available]	medium	1	0
fludarabine	[no description available]	medium	2	1	purine nucleoside
vidarabine	[no description available]	medium	2	1	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
n-(2'-(dimethylamino)ethyl)acridine-4-carboxamide	[no description available]	medium	1	0
acridines	[no description available]	medium	1	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
indomethacin	[no description available]	medium	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
thioflavin t	[no description available]	medium	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
suramin	[no description available]	medium	1	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
thiazoles	[no description available]	medium	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
5-methylcytosine	[no description available]	medium	1	0	methylcytosine; pyrimidines	human metabolite
oligonucleotides	[no description available]	medium	1	0
adriamycinol	[no description available]	medium	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; aromatic ether; deoxy hexoside; p-quinones; phenols; polyol; tetracenequinones	cardiotoxic agent; drug metabolite
myelin basic protein	[no description available]	medium	1	0
methylprednisolone	[no description available]	medium	1	1	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
cytarabine	[no description available]	medium	1	1	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
carbostyril	[no description available]	medium	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
pk 11195	[no description available]	low	0	0	aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent
5-aminoisoquinolinone	[no description available]	low	0	0	isoquinolines
debrisoquin	[no description available]	low	0	0	carboxamidine; isoquinolines	adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent
ethaverine	[no description available]	low	0	0	isoquinolines
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide	[no description available]	low	0	0	isoquinolines; sulfonamide
N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide	[no description available]	low	0	0	bromobenzenes; isoquinolines; olefinic compound; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine	[no description available]	low	0	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor

pixantrone

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (46)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (8)

Potency Measurements

Biological Processes (45)

Molecular Functions (18)

Ceullar Components (23)

Bioassays (16)

Research

Studies (91)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (15)

Trial Overview

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Overall Response Rate (ORR) Lasting at Least 4 Months

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Time to Disease Progression

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Overall Response

Overall Survival

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Toxicity

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Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) Related to Study Drug

Overall Response Rate

Overall Survival

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Related Drugs (202)

Related Conditions (330)

Research Highlights

Safety/Toxicity (8)

Long-term Use (3)

Pharmacokinetics (2)

Dosage (1)