pixantrone profile

pixantrone: an immunosuppressant; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	134019
CHEMBL ID	167731
CHEBI ID	135945
SCHEMBL ID	7825
MeSH ID	M0229455

Synonym
6,9-bis((2-aminoethyl)amino)benzo(g)isoquinoline-5,10-dione
6,9-bis((2-aminoethyl)amino)benz(g)isoquinoline-5,10-dione
unii-f5sxn2knmr
6,9-aea-biqdo
benz(g)isoquinoline-5,10-dione, 6,9-bis((2-aminoethyl)amino)-
f5sxn2knmr ,
pixantrone [usan:inn:ban]
5,8-bis((2-aminoethyl)amino)-2-aza-anthracene-9,10-dione
pixantrone
144510-96-3
pixantrone (usan/inn)
D05522
bbr-2778
CHEBI:135945
AKOS005145782
CHEMBL167731
6,9-bis(2-aminoethylamino)benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione
A808224
6,9-bis(2-azanylethylamino)benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione
FT-0673961
FT-0689753
bbr2778
AM84406
HY-13727
SCHEMBL7825
gtpl7544
6,9-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione
pixantrone [usan]
pixantrone [who-dd]
pixantrone [mart.]
pixantrone [inn]
pixantrone [mi]
PEZPMAYDXJQYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
NCGC00274280-01
6,9-bis((2-aminoethyl)amino)benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione
AC-26441
pixantrone (bbr 2778)
DTXSID10162744
DB06193
(6,9-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione)
BCP05981
Q7199690
SB16817
benz[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione, 6,9-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-
6,9-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-5h,10h-benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione
EN300-18707593

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Pixantrone is a synthetic aza-anthracenedione currently used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. "	( An evaluation of the interaction of pixantrone with formaldehyde-releasing drugs in cancer cells. Cutts, SM; Evison, BJ; Mansour, OC; Nudelman, A; Phillips, DR; Rephaeli, A, 2022)	2.44
"Pixantrone is a novel aza-anthracenedione agent with reduced potential for cardiotoxicity but maintained anti-tumour activity relative to anthracyclines."	( Efficacy and safety of pixantrone for the treatment of multiply relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas. Bregni, M; de Barrenetxea Lekue, C; de Oteyza, JP; Grasso Cicala, S; Mombiedro, C; Navarro, B; Sancho, JM; Soler Campos, JA; Soler, B; Spione, M; Zinzani, PL, 2020)	1.59
"Pixantrone is an aza-anthracenedione, which, when compared to anthracyclines and anthracenediones, has a significantly reduced cardiotoxicity while maintaining good anti-tumor activity."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Pixantrone for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Every-Day Clinical Practice: The Italian Cohort of the PIXA Registry. Bregni, M; Bugli, A; Mitterer, M; Musuraca, G; Piazza, F; Pinto, A; Spione, M; Zinzani, PL, 2021)	1.64
"Pixantrone is a first-in-class aza-anthracenedione approved as monotherapy for treatment of relapsed or refractory aggressive diffuse B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), a patient group which is notoriously difficult to treat. "	( Pixantrone: novel mode of action and clinical readouts. Bertoni, F; Cattan, V; Egorov, A; Han, H; Minotti, G, 2018)	3.37
"Pixantrone is a cytotoxic aza-anthracenedione that directly alkylates DNA-forming stable DNA adducts and cross-strand breaks."	( The European Medicines Agency review of pixantrone for the treatment of adult patients with multiply relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas: summary of the scientific assessment of the committee for medicinal products for human u Dunder, K; Flores, B; Gisselbrecht, C; Hudson, I; Laane, E; Péan, E; Pignatti, F; Salmonson, T; Sjöberg, J, 2013)	1.38
"Pixantrone is an aza-anthracenedione with enhanced, preclinical antitumor activity and reduced cardiotoxicity compared with doxorubicin."	( Comparison of pixantrone-based regimen (CPOP-R) with doxorubicin-based therapy (CHOP-R) for treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cernohous, P; Engert, A; Herbrecht, R; Le Gouill, S; Macdonald, D; Machida, C; Myint, H; Saleh, A; Singer, J; van der Jagt, R; Wilhelm, M, 2013)	2.19
"Pixantrone is a potential alternative agent with a favorable safety profile for the treatment of relapsed and refractory NHL patients. "	( Pixantrone: a novel anthracycline-like drug for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Boyle, EM; Morschhauser, F, 2015)	3.3
"Pixantrone is a novel aza-anthracenedione active against aggressive lymphoma and is being evaluated for use against various hematologic and solid tumors. "	( Pixantrone induces cell death through mitotic perturbations and subsequent aberrant cell divisions. Beeharry, N; Di Rora, AG; Smith, MR; Yen, TJ, 2015)	3.3
"Pixantrone (PIX) is an analog of mitoxantrone."	( Pixantrone: a B-cell-depleting immunosuppressant for multiple sclerosis patients with active disease. Debouverie, M; Edan, G; Ferré, JC; Gonsette, R; Sindic, C, 2016)	2.6
"Pixantrone is a new noncardiotoxic aza-anthracenedione anticancer drug structurally related to anthracyclines and anthracenediones, such as doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. "	( Mechanisms of Action and Reduced Cardiotoxicity of Pixantrone; a Topoisomerase II Targeting Agent with Cellular Selectivity for the Topoisomerase IIα Isoform. Hasinoff, BB; Kanagasabai, R; Karmahapatra, S; Patel, D; Wu, X; Yalowich, JC, 2016)	2.13
"Pixantrone is a novel aza-anthracenedione which is structurally similar to anthracyclines and is licenced in R/R DLBCL and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)-approved following the PIX301 trial."	( Results of a multicentre UK-wide retrospective study evaluating the efficacy of pixantrone in relapsed, refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Ardeshna, K; Bailey, C; Chaidos, A; Collins, GP; Cwynarski, K; Eden, D; Eyre, DW; Eyre, TA; Hatton, CS; Jasani, P; Kothari, J; Linton, KM; Osborne, WL; Rohman, P; Rowntree, C; Shankara, P, 2016)	1.38
"Pixantrone is a new drug with its own characteristics."	( Rethinking Drugs from Chemistry to Therapeutic Opportunities: Pixantrone beyond Anthracyclines. Menna, P; Minotti, G; Salvatorelli, E, 2016)	1.4
"Pixantrone (BBR2778) is a novel anthracycline derivative, manufactured by Cell Therapeutics Incorporated, WA, USA. "	( Pixantrone: a promising drug in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. El-Helw, LM; Hancock, BW, 2009)	3.24
"Pixantrone (BBR-2778) is a novel aza-anthracenedione anthracycline derivative developed by Cell Therapeutics Incorporated, WA, USA. "	( Pixantrone maleate for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Mukherji, D; Pettengell, R, 2009)	3.24
"Pixantrone is a new aza-anthracenedione structurally similar to mitoxantrone and anthracyclines."	( Pixantrone for the treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Mukherji, D; Pettengell, R, 2010)	2.52
"Pixantrone is a potentially more effective, less cardiotoxic alternative to doxorubicin for patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (aNHL). "	( Phase I/II study of pixantrone in combination with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone in patients with relapsed aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Borchmann, P; Cernohous, P; Engert, A; Herbrecht, R; Hess, G; Morschhauser, F; Singer, JW; Veals, SA; Wilhelm, M, 2011)	2.14
"Pixantrone is a novel aza-anthracenedione, similar in structure to anthracyclines, including the anthracycline derivative mitoxantrone. "	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of pixantrone for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Jamal-Hanjani, M; Pettengell, R, 2011)	2.1
"Pixantrone is an active and safe drug that has been shown to be of benefit when used to treat patients with relapsed aggressive NHL in the context of Phase II and Phase III studies. "	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of pixantrone for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Jamal-Hanjani, M; Pettengell, R, 2011)	2.1
"Pixantrone is a novel anthracycline derivative, manufactured by Cell Therapeutics Incorporated, WA, USA. "	( Pixantrone: merging safety with efficacy. Papadatos-Pastos, D; Pettengell, R, 2013)	3.28
"Pixantrone (PIX) is an analogue of MX devoid of toxic effects on cardiac tissue and was developed as a replacement for other anthracenediones in cancer patients."	( Pixantrone (BBR2778): a new immunosuppressant in multiple sclerosis with a low cardiotoxicity. Dubois, B; Gonsette, RE, 2004)	2.49
"Pixantrone is an anthraquinone-based inhibitor of topoisomerase II. "	( The role of pixantrone in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Borchmann, P; Schnell, R, 2005)	2.15
"Pixantrone is an immunesuppressor similar to mitoxantrone but with lower cardiotoxicity. "	( Effects of pixantrone on immune-cell function in the course of acute rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Aldinucci, A; Ballerini, C; Biagioli, T; Cavaletti, G; Cavalletti, E; Frigo, M; Lolli, F; Massacesi, L; Mazzanti, B; Oggioni, N; Riccio, P; Rota, S; Tagliabue, E, 2005)	2.16
"Pixantrone (BBR-2778) is a novel mitoxantrone-like drug, which lacks the 5,8-dihyroxy substitution groups thought to be responsible for the cardiac toxicity associated with mitoxantrone. "	( Pixantrone: a novel aza-anthracenedione in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. El-Helw, LM; Hancock, BW, 2007)	3.23

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Pixantrone has a conditional European marketing approval for monotherapy in adults with multiple relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma."	( Pixantrone-rituximab versus gemcitabine-rituximab in relapsed/refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Andorsky, D; Beck, JT; Belada, D; Dakhil, S; Daly, R; Dean, JP; Failloux, N; Georgiev, P; Hübel, K; Inhorn, LF; Pavlyuk, M; Pettengell, R; Quick, D, 2016)	2.6
"Pixantrone (PIX) has been approved for treating aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma."	( Pixantrone Sensitizes Gram-Negative Pathogens to Rifampin. Li, L; Li, Y; Li, Z; Liu, S; She, P; Wu, Y; Yang, Y; Zhou, L, 2022)	2.89
"Pixantrone has a conditional European marketing approval for monotherapy in adults with multiple relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma."	( Pixantrone-rituximab versus gemcitabine-rituximab in relapsed/refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Andorsky, D; Beck, JT; Belada, D; Dakhil, S; Daly, R; Dean, JP; Failloux, N; Georgiev, P; Hübel, K; Inhorn, LF; Pavlyuk, M; Pettengell, R; Quick, D, 2016)	2.6
"Pixantrone has also been used for the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and the combination of pixantrone and rituximab has been shown to be superior to rituximab alone in relapsed or refractory disease in the phase III PIX302 study."	( Pixantrone maleate for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Mukherji, D; Pettengell, R, 2009)	2.52
"Pixantrone has been shown to be superior to other single-agent therapies for the salvage treatment of relapsed/refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. "	( Pixantrone for the treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Mukherji, D; Pettengell, R, 2010)	3.25

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pixantrone (PIX) is an analogue of MX devoid of toxic effects on cardiac tissue and was developed as a replacement for other anthracenediones in cancer patients."	( Pixantrone (BBR2778): a new immunosuppressant in multiple sclerosis with a low cardiotoxicity. Dubois, B; Gonsette, RE, 2004)	2.68
" Redox inactivity in the face of high cardiac uptake suggests that pixantrone might also be safe in doxorubicin-naïve patients."	( The novel anthracenedione, pixantrone, lacks redox activity and inhibits doxorubicinol formation in human myocardium: insight to explain the cardiac safety of pixantrone in doxorubicin-treated patients. Chello, M; Covino, E; Menna, P; Minotti, G; Paz, OG; Salvatorelli, E; Singer, JW, 2013)	0.92
"3% of patients reported ≥1 adverse event (AE), most commonly haematological AEs."	( Efficacy and safety of pixantrone for the treatment of multiply relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas. Bregni, M; de Barrenetxea Lekue, C; de Oteyza, JP; Grasso Cicala, S; Mombiedro, C; Navarro, B; Sancho, JM; Soler Campos, JA; Soler, B; Spione, M; Zinzani, PL, 2020)	0.87
" Three patients had grade IV adverse events, which caused drug discontinuation."	( Effectiveness and Safety of Pixantrone for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Every-Day Clinical Practice: The Italian Cohort of the PIXA Registry. Bregni, M; Bugli, A; Mitterer, M; Musuraca, G; Piazza, F; Pinto, A; Spione, M; Zinzani, PL, 2021)	0.92

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This Phase I dose escalation trial of BBR 2778 was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose, the dose-limiting toxicity, and the pharmacokinetic profile of BBR 2778 in patients with advanced solid tumors."	( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the novel aza-anthracenedione compound BBR 2778 in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Armand, JP; Bernareggi, A; Boige, V; Buthaut, X; Camboni, G; Faivre, S; Gatineau, M; Raymond, E; Rixe, O, 2001)	0.31

Class	Description
isoquinolines	A class of organic heteropolycyclic compound consisting of isoquinoline and its substitution derivatives.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.8999	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
G	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.6837	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	Potency	6.0385	0.0096	10.5250	35.4813	AID1479145; AID1479148
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.9991	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergy	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacterium	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complex	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
virion membrane	Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
fibrillar center	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (16)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID315337	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI+/AnnV- cells after 12 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315338	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI-/AnnV+ cells after 12 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315331	Cytotoxicity against human HT29 cells after 72 hrs	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315342	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI-/AnnV+ cells after 24 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315335	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI+/AnnV+ cells after 6 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315336	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI-/AnnV- cells after 12 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID232016	Resistance index is the ratio of IC50 of resistant cell line/IC50 of sensitive cell line	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-18, Volume: 37, Issue:6	6,9-Bis[(aminoalkyl)amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-diones. A novel class of chromophore-modified antitumor anthracene-9,10-diones: synthesis and antitumor evaluations.
AID315332	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI-/AnnV- cells after 6 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315334	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI-/AnnV+ cells after 6 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID102188	Tested in vitro for cytotoxic activity against Human colon Adenocarcinoma sensitive cell line (LoVo)	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-18, Volume: 37, Issue:6	6,9-Bis[(aminoalkyl)amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-diones. A novel class of chromophore-modified antitumor anthracene-9,10-diones: synthesis and antitumor evaluations.
AID315341	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI+/AnnV- cells after 24 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315340	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI-/AnnV- cells after 24 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315339	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI+/AnnV+ cells after 12 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID102331	Tested in vitro for cytotoxic activity against Doxorubicin resistant Human colon Adenocarcinoma sensitive cell line	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-18, Volume: 37, Issue:6	6,9-Bis[(aminoalkyl)amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-diones. A novel class of chromophore-modified antitumor anthracene-9,10-diones: synthesis and antitumor evaluations.
AID315343	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI+/AnnV+ cells after 24 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
AID315333	Effect on apoptosis in human HT29 PI+/AnnV- cells after 6 hrs by biparametric flow cytometric analysis	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of bis aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and bis aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	4 (4.40)	18.2507
2000's	24 (26.37)	29.6817
2010's	50 (54.95)	24.3611
2020's	13 (14.29)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	16 (17.39%)	5.53%
Reviews	16 (17.39%)	6.00%
Case Studies	3 (3.26%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (1.09%)	0.25%
Other	56 (60.87%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (15)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Pixantrone (BBR 2778) Versus Other Chemotherapeutic Agents for Third-line Single Agent Treatment of Patients With Relapsed Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Randomized, Controlled, Phase III Comparative Trial [NCT00088530]	Phase 3	140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-07-31	Completed
A Phase I/II Study of Pixantrone (BBR 2778) in Patients With Refractory Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) [NCT00106600]	Phase 1/Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-03-31	Completed
A Phase 1, Dose-Escalation Study of Pixantrone Monotherapy in Pediatric Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Cancer [NCT02800889]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-24	Withdrawn(stopped due to Study withdrawn; no participants enrolled)
A Multicentre, Phase II, Open Label, Single Arm Study of Pixantrone in Patients With CD20-positive Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With Rituximab, Ifosfamide and Etoposide. [NCT03458260]	Phase 2	74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-26	Active, not recruiting
A Non-randomized Cohort Study With Matched Controls Investigating Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Safety of a Single Dose of Pixantrone With Metastatic Cancer and Moderate, Severe, or No Hepatic Impairment. [NCT01632436]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to No eligible patients enrolled)
Fludarabine, BBR 2778 (Pixantrone) and Rituximab (FP-R) vs Fludarabine and Rituximab (F-R) for Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00577161]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to closed to enrollment)
A Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing the Combination of Fludarabine, BBR 2778 (Pixantrone) and Rituximab (FP-R) With the Combination of Fludarabine and Rituximab (F-R) in the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymph [NCT00551239]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Withdrawn
A Phase I Trial of BBR 2778 in Combination With Fludarabine, Dexamethasone and Rituximab in the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00060684]	Phase 1	30 participants	Interventional	2001-12-31	Completed
A Phase II Trial of BBR 2778 in Combination With Cytarabine, Methylprednisolone and Cisplatin (BSHAP) as Salvage in Patients With Relapsed Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00069966]	Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional	2003-04-30	Active, not recruiting
A Phase I Trial of BBR 2778 in Combination With Cytarabine, Methylprednisolone and Cisplatin in the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00053105]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional	2002-02-28	Active, not recruiting
An Open-Label, Randomized, Phase III Comparative Trial of BBR 2778 + Rituximab Versus Rituximab in the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) [NCT00060671]	Phase 3	800 participants	Interventional	2005-01-31	Terminated
Randomized Phase II Study of Two Doses of Pixantrone in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer [NCT01086605]	Phase 2	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
Phase I/II Study of the Combination of Bendamustine, Rituximab and Pixantrone in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory B Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT01491841]	Phase 1	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-11-01	Completed
A Randomized Multicenter Study Comparing Pixantrone + Rituximab With Gemcitabine + Rituximab in Patients With Aggressive B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Who Have Relapsed After Therapy With CHOP-R or an Equivalent Regimen and Are Ineligible for Stem Cell Tran [NCT01321541]	Phase 3	312 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-20	Completed
The GOAL Trial: Rescue Treatment With the Monoclonal Anti CD20-antibody Obinutuzumab (GA101) in Combination With Pixantrone for the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed Aggressive B-cell Lymphoma [NCT02499003]	Phase 2	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-14	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00088530 (4) [back to overview]	Overall Response Rate (ORR) Lasting at Least 4 Months
NCT00088530 (4) [back to overview]	Overall Survival
NCT00088530 (4) [back to overview]	Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
NCT00088530 (4) [back to overview]	Complete Response (CR) and Complete Response Unconfirmed (CRu)
NCT01086605 (6) [back to overview]	6-month Progression-free Survival Rate
NCT01086605 (6) [back to overview]	Duration of Response
NCT01086605 (6) [back to overview]	Overall Survival Time
NCT01086605 (6) [back to overview]	Proportion of Confirmed Tumor Responses (Complete or Partial Response)
NCT01086605 (6) [back to overview]	Time to Disease Progression
NCT01086605 (6) [back to overview]	Toxicity
NCT01321541 (5) [back to overview]	Complete Response Rate
NCT01321541 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) Related to Study Drug
NCT01321541 (5) [back to overview]	Overall Response Rate
NCT01321541 (5) [back to overview]	Overall Survival
NCT01321541 (5) [back to overview]	Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01491841 (5) [back to overview]	Maximum Tolerated Dose
NCT01491841 (5) [back to overview]	Overall Response
NCT01491841 (5) [back to overview]	Overall Survival
NCT01491841 (5) [back to overview]	Progression Free Survival
NCT01491841 (5) [back to overview]	Toxicity

Overall Response Rate (ORR) Lasting at Least 4 Months

The proportion of patients with Complete response or Partial Response with a difference from the first documented objective response to disease progression or death of at least 4 months. (NCT00088530)
Timeframe: approximately 24 months

Intervention	participants (Number)
Experimental Group	12
Comparator Group	6

[back to top]

Overall Survival

The time between the date of randomization and the date of death due to any cause. (NCT00088530)
Timeframe: 18 months after 6 cycles of treatment; approximately 24 months

Intervention	Months (Median)
Experimental Group	10.2
Comparator Group	7.6

[back to top]

Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

The time between the date of randomization and the date of the initial documentation of progressive/relapsed disease or death due to any cause. (NCT00088530)
Timeframe: 18 months after 6 cycles of treatment; approximately 24 months

Intervention	months (Median)
Experimental Group	5.3
Comparator Group	2.6

[back to top]

Complete Response (CR) and Complete Response Unconfirmed (CRu)

Proportion of patients with a best response of complete response (CR) or Complete Response unconfirmed (CRu) in the End Of Treatment (EOT) or End Of Study (EOS) analyses by independent assessment in the Intent-to-treat (ITT) population through the End of Treatment (EOT) (NCT00088530)
Timeframe: EOT; approximately 6 months

Intervention	percentage of randomized patients (Number)
	END OF TREATMENT: CR/CRu, n (%)	END OF STUDY: CR/CRu, n (%)
Comparator Group	5.7	7.1
Experimental Group	20.0	24.3

[back to top]

6-month Progression-free Survival Rate

The 6-month progression free survival (6-mo PFS) rate is the proportion of efficacy-evaluable patients progression-free 6 months from registration. The 6-mo PFS rate is defined as the total number of efficacy-evaluable patients on study without documentation of disease progression 6 months from registration divided by the total number of efficacy-evaluable patients enrolled on study. Patients who died without documentation of progression will be considered to have progressed on the date of their death. The true 6-mo PFS rate will be estimated by the proportion of efficacy-evaluable patients on study without documentation of disease progression 6 months from registration at each dose level. Binomial confidence intervals for 6-mo PFS rate will be constructed for each dose level. Progression is defined using the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines (version 1.1). (NCT01086605)
Timeframe: At 6 months

Intervention	proportion (Number)
Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1)	0.375
Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15)	0.265

[back to top]

Duration of Response

Duration of response is defined for all evaluable patients with measurable disease who have achieved a confirmed response as the date at which the patient's earliest best objective status is first noted to be either a CR or PR to the earliest date progression is documented at each dose level. If a patient dies subsequent to the confirmed response without a documentation of disease progression, the patient will be considered to have had disease progression at the time of their death. In the case of a patient failing to return for evaluations before a documentation of disease progression, the patient will be censored for progression on the date of last evaluation. The distribution of duration of response will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier at each dose level. (NCT01086605)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Intervention	months (Mean)
Arm I/Group A + Arm II/Group B	5.8

[back to top]

Overall Survival Time

Survival time is defined as the time from registration to death due to any cause. The distribution of survival time will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier at each dose level. (NCT01086605)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Intervention	months (Median)
Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1)	16.8
Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15)	9.6

[back to top]

Proportion of Confirmed Tumor Responses (Complete or Partial Response)

The proportion of confirmed responses will be estimated by the number of women who achieve a CR or PR on two consecutive evaluations at least 6-8 weeks apart depending on the dose level. The proportion of successes will be estimated by the number of successes divided by the total number of evaluable patients at each dose level. Confidence intervals for the true success proportion at each dose level will be calculated according to the approach of Duffy and Santner. Response will be evaluated in this study using the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines (version 1.1); Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions, each target lymph node must have reduction in short axis to <1.0 cm. and normalization of tumor biomarkers. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters of the non-nodal target lesions and the short axis of the target lymph nodes taking as reference the Baseline Sum of Diameters. (NCT01086605)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Intervention	proportion (Number)
Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1)	0.08
Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15)	0.05

[back to top]

Time to Disease Progression

Time to disease progression is defined as the time from registration to the earliest date of documentation of disease progression. If a patient dies without a documentation of disease progression the patient will be considered to have had disease progression at the time of their death. If the patient is declared to be a major treatment violation, the patient will be censored on the date the treatment violation was declared to have occurred. In the case of a patient starting treatment and then never returning for any evaluations, the patient will be censored for progression one day post-registration. The distribution of time to progression will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier at each dose level. Progression is defined using the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines (version 1.1). (NCT01086605)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Intervention	months (Median)
Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1)	2.8
Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15)	2.5

[back to top]

Toxicity

For this secondary endpoint, toxicity is defined as a grade 3 or higher adverse events that is classified as either possibly, probably, or definitely related to study treatment. The assignment of attribution to study treatment and grade (or degree of severity) of the adverse event are classified using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. The number of participants reporting a grade 3 or higher toxicity is reported. For a list of all reported adverse events, please refer to the Adverse Events Section below. (NCT01086605)
Timeframe: Up to 1 year after treatment

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Arm I/Group A (Pixantrone IV Day 1)	16
Arm II/Group B (Pixantrone IV Days 1, 8, and 15)	19

[back to top]

Complete Response Rate

CRR is defined as the proportion of patients who achieve a Complete Response (CR) without additional therapy. CR is defined as the disappearance of all target lesions. (NCT01321541)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to the date of the patient's death due to any cause (Up to 100 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Pixantrone + Rituximab	55
Gemcitabine + Rituximab	34

[back to top]

Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) Related to Study Drug

The number of Participants with Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) related to study drug (pixantrone or gemcitabine) (NCT01321541)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to the date of the patient's death due to any cause (Up to 100 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Pixantrone + Rituximab	140
Gemcitabine + Rituximab	140

[back to top]

Overall Response Rate

ORR is defined as the proportion of patients who achieve a CR or PR without additional therapy. (NCT01321541)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to the date of the patient's death due to any cause (Up to 100 weeks)

Intervention	percentage of patients (Number)
Pixantrone + Rituximab	61.9
Gemcitabine + Rituximab	43.9

[back to top]

Overall Survival

Overall survival is from randomization to death due to any cause (NCT01321541)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to the date of the patient's death due to any cause (Up to 100 weeks)

Intervention	Months (Median)
Pixantrone + Rituximab	13.3
Gemcitabine + Rituximab	19.6

[back to top]

Progression Free Survival (PFS)

PFS is defined as the time of randomization to the date of disease progression or death due to any cause (whichever occurs first) (NCT01321541)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization to the date of progressive disease or death due to any cause (whichever is first reported) (Up to 100 weeks)

Intervention	Months (Median)
Pixantrone + Rituximab	7.3
Gemcitabine + Rituximab	6.3

[back to top]

Maximum Tolerated Dose

Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) assessments were performed weekly during cycles 1 and 2. A DLT was defined as any grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity that lasted longer than 48 hours, despite proper supportive care, any grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity, or any grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity lasting longer than 7 days. Alopecia and febrile neutropenia were not considered DLTs. Any NCI CTC (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria) v4.03 grade 5 (death) toxicity was considered a DLT. Dose Limiting Toxicities were used as the assessment criteria to determine the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD). MTD is presented. (NCT01491841)
Timeframe: 4 years

Intervention	milligrams per meter squared (Number)
Bendamustine + Rituximab + Pixantrone + Pegfilgrastim	115

[back to top]

Overall Response

"Partial response and complete response evaluated using a modified version of the revised response criteria for malignant lymphoma by Cheson et al~Complete Response (CR) • Complete disappearance of all detectable clinical and radiographic evidence of disease and disappearance of all disease-related symptoms if present prior to therapy.~Complete Response Unconfirmed (CRu) meets the CR criteria, but with one or more of the following:~A residual node > 1.5 cm in greatest transverse diameter that has regressed >75% in the sum of the product of the diameters (SPD). Individual nodes that were previously confluent must have regressed >75% in their SPD compared with the size of the original mass.~Indeterminate bone marrow (increased number or size of aggregates without cytologic or architectural atypia by immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry).~Partial Response (PR)~• A decrease of ≥ 50% in the SPD of up to six of the largest dominant nodes or nodal masses." (NCT01491841)
Timeframe: up to 220 days

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Pixantrone, 55mg/m^2	2
Pixantrone, 85mg/m^2	2
Pixantrone, 115mg/m^2	5

[back to top]

Overall Survival

(NCT01491841)
Timeframe: from day 1 of treatment to death

Intervention	months (Median)
Bendamustine + Rituximab + Pixantrone + Pegfilgrastim	7.9

[back to top]

Progression Free Survival

(NCT01491841)
Timeframe: From day 1 of treatment to disease progression, death or 5 years, whichever comes first

Intervention	months (Median)
Bendamustine + Rituximab + Pixantrone + Pegfilgrastim	3.9

[back to top]

Toxicity

Dose limiting toxicities plus % of patients with a clinically significant change in left ventricular ejection fraction. (NCT01491841)
Timeframe: 30 days post last dose of study drug

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Dose-Limiting Toxicity	Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction	Other Adverse Events
Phase 1: Pixantrone, 115mg/m^2	1	0	6
Phase 1: Pixantrone, 55mg/m^2	1	1	6
Phase 1: Pixantrone, 85mg/m^2	1	0	6

[back to top]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
adenine [no description available]	3.71	2	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	3.32	6	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ametantrone ametantrone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	7.13	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	6.11	12	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
piperazine [no description available]	7.25	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.05	1	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	12.18	5	2	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
cytarabine [no description available]	3.42	1	1	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	2.15	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	8.42	1	1	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.1	1	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
thiazoles [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
deoxycytidine [no description available]	6.25	3	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stearylamine stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	2.83	3	0	primary aliphatic amine	film-forming compound
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	2.05	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	5.92	2	1	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
etoposide [no description available]	7.21	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	11.25	3	1	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
5-methylcytosine 5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.	2.05	1	0	methylcytosine; pyrimidines	human metabolite
bendamustine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.21	1	0
adriamycinol doxorubicinol : A member of the class of tetracenequinones that is the major metabolite of the anthracycline doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent effective against a broad range of malignant neoplasms. It is thought to exhibit cardiotoxic properties.	2.08	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; aromatic ether; deoxy hexoside; p-quinones; phenols; polyol; tetracenequinones	cardiotoxic agent; drug metabolite
n-(2'-(dimethylamino)ethyl)acridine-4-carboxamide [no description available]	2.1	1	0
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	3.09	4	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fludarabine [no description available]	10.92	2	1	purine nucleoside
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	2.02	1	0
panobinostat Panobinostat: An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.. panobinostat : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[4-({[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used (as its lactate salt) in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma.	3.31	1	0	cinnamamides; hydroxamic acid; methylindole; secondary amino compound	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
idelalisib idelalisib: an antineoplastic agent and p110delta inhibitor; structure in first source. idelalisib : A member of the class of quinazolines that is 5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a (1S)-1-(3H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl group. used for for the treatment of refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.21	1	0	aromatic amine; organofluorine compound; purines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.05	1	0
pci 32765 ibrutinib: a Btk protein inhibitor. ibrutinib : A member of the class of acrylamides that is (3R)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidine in which the piperidine nitrogen is replaced by an acryloyl group. A selective and covalent inhibitor of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase, it is used for treatment of B-cell malignancies.	3.71	2	0	acrylamides; aromatic amine; aromatic ether; N-acylpiperidine; pyrazolopyrimidine; tertiary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	3.71	2	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	7.41	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	0	1.98	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	1.98	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	1.98	1	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	8.73	13	3
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	7.04	6	5
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	1	10.73	13	3
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	5.1	5	2
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	1	7.1	5	2
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	0	3.89	2	1
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	12.73	33	9
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	1	5.89	2	1
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	1	14.73	33	9
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	2.66	2	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	2.66	2	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	3.12	1	0
Leukemia, Plasmacytic [description not available]	0	3.12	1	0
Leukemia, Plasma Cell A rare, aggressive variant of MULTIPLE MYELOMA characterized by the circulation of excessive PLASMA CELLS in the peripheral blood. It can be a primary manifestation of multiple myeloma or develop as a terminal complication during the disease.	0	3.12	1	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	8.12	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	6.84	7	2
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	0	6.84	7	2
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	7.37	11	4
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	0	5.05	3	1
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	0	5.82	4	2
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	0	5.05	3	1
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	0	2.53	2	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	0	2.17	1	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	1	9.21	1	0
Autoimmune Experimental Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	0	4.39	1	1
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	4.39	1	1
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Bilateral Wilms Tumor [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Ewing Sarcoma [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	2.1	1	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	2.1	1	0
Wilms Tumor A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.	0	2.1	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	0	2.1	1	0
Sarcoma, Ewing A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.	0	2.1	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	2.1	1	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	0	2.1	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	2.1	1	0
Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	0	4.76	2	1
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	0	4.76	2	1
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	0	4.76	2	1
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	0	4.76	2	1
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	0	2.05	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	2.98	1	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	0	2.93	1	0
Lymphocytopenia [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	0	3.4	1	1
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.	0	3.4	1	1
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	0	3.81	2	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	0	8.81	2	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	3.81	2	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	2.02	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	3.34	2	0
Borrelia hermsii Infection [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	0	2.03	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	1.98	1	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	0	3.39	1	1

pixantrone

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