norcantharidin profile

Norcantharidin is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). PP2A is a ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatase that plays a crucial role in regulating a wide range of cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Norcantharidin has been shown to have anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo, and is currently being investigated as a potential cancer therapeutic. Norcantharidin is synthesized through a multi-step process involving the extraction and modification of cantharidin, a naturally occurring compound found in blister beetles. The molecule's unique structure allows it to bind to and inhibit PP2A, thus disrupting the normal function of this essential enzyme. Researchers are studying norcantharidin to understand its potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment and to further elucidate the role of PP2A in various cellular processes.'

norcantharidin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpds without isomeric designation [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	93004
CHEMBL ID	8327
CHEBI ID	197221
SCHEMBL ID	177729
MeSH ID	M0190238

Synonym
DIVK1C_007000
norcantharidin
EU-0100830
norcantharidin, solid
3,6-endooxyphthalic anhydride, hexahydro-
4,7-epoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, hexahydro-
nsc 14003
phthalic anhydride, hexahydro-3,6-endoxo-
endothall anhydride
7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride
nsc59023
SPECTRUM_001667
phthalic anhydride,6-endoxo-
4,3-dione, hexahydro-
wln: t c555 a ao dvovtj
3, hexahydro-
nsc14003
7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride
3,6-endoxohexahydrophthalic anhydride
5442-12-6
BSPBIO_003327
SPECTRUM5_001514
LOPAC0_000830
nsc148536
51154-98-4
nsc-148536
NCGC00094161-02
NCGC00094161-04
NCGC00094161-03
NCI60_001019
KBIO1_001944
KBIO2_004715
KBIOGR_001122
KBIO3_002547
KBIO2_002147
KBIOSS_002147
KBIO2_007283
SPECPLUS_000904
SPBIO_001606
SPECTRUM2_001683
SPECTRUM3_001634
SPECTRUM4_000601
SPECTRUM1504153
NCGC00094161-06
NCGC00094161-05
NCGC00094161-01
exo-7-oxa-bicyclo(2.2.1)-heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride
MLS002153470
smr000326693
hexahydro-4,7-epoxy-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
STK424286
NCGC00015756-03
N 8784
NCGC00015756-09
demethyl-cantharidin
CHEMBL8327
4,10-dioxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane-3,5-dione
CHEBI:197221
AKOS003267901
HMS3262F21
4,10-dioxatricyclo[5.2.1.0<2,6>]decane-3,5-dione
S3759
CCG-39454
NCGC00015756-07
NCGC00015756-06
NCGC00015756-05
NCGC00015756-08
NCGC00015756-04
FT-0614776
FT-0621477
FT-0626378
LP00830
HMS3370H07
AKOS022167759
SCHEMBL177729
tox21_500830
NCGC00261515-01
4,10-dioxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane-3,5-dione
JAABVEXCGCXWRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
norcantharadine
mfcd00213361
3,6-endoxohexahydrophthalic anhydride, exo isomer
hexahydro-4,7-epoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
SR-01000076037-1
sr-01000076037
BCP25426
exo-cis-hexahydro-4,7-epoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-dione; endothall anhydride
HY-N0585
(rac)-norcantharidin
timtec-bb sbb005955;4,7-epoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, hexahydro-;4,10-dioxatricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]decane-3,5-dione
BCP09826
Q15425762
BRD-A66914119-001-04-0
FS-4623
SDCCGSBI-0050807.P003
NCGC00015756-14
(+/-)-norcantharidin
(+/-)-nctd
CS-0009119
YSCH0101
DTXSID30884158
3-(5'-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-[2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl)cyclohex-2-enone
4,10-dioxatricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]decane-3,5-dione; 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a powerful antitumor agent with multiple bioactivities."	( Norcantharidin Induces Immunogenic Cell Death of Bladder Cancer Cells through Promoting Autophagy in Acidic Culture. Hu, Z; Li, H; Li, J; Mo, L; Su, B; Xu, L; Zhao, C; Zhao, Z, 2022)	2.89
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a demethylated derivative of cantharidin demonstrated to have anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrosis properties. "	( Norcantharidin attenuates epidermal growth factor-induced proliferation, EMT and motility in ARPE-19 cells by modulating the AKT/snail/E-cadherin axis. Chen, YS; Chien, HW; Chiou, HL; Hsieh, YH; Wang, K; Yang, SF, 2022)	3.61
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a demethylated derivative of cantharidin (CTD), the main anticancer active ingredient isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Mylabris. "	( Review targeted drug delivery systems for norcantharidin in cancer therapy. Cheng, JX; Fan, Y; Guo, DY; Shi, YJ; Sun, J; Tian, H; Zhai, BT; Zhang, XF; Zou, JB, 2022)	2.43
"Norcantharidin is a cantharidin demethylated analog with antitumor effects in many tumors, including cholangiocarcinoma. "	( Autophagy Suppression Accelerates Apoptosis Induced by Norcantharidin in Cholangiocarcinoma. Guo, H; Jiang, W; Li, C; Li, X; Tian, Q; Wang, Y; Xiong, X, 2020)	2.25
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a potential anti-renal interstitial fibrotic drug. "	( Protein Phosphatase 2A Inhibiting β-Catenin Phosphorylation Contributes Critically to the Anti-renal Interstitial Fibrotic Effect of Norcantharidin. Li, Y; Tang, C; Wen, L; Xiao, Z; Yin, D; Zeng, D; Zhou, X, 2020)	2.2
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a structural modifier of CTD."	( Norcantharidin: research advances in pharmaceutical activities and derivatives in recent years. Cao, Z; Guo, C; Li, Y; Ren, Y; Song, X; Tan, L; Wang, M; Zhou, J, 2020)	2.72
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a demethylated derivative of cantharidin with antitumor properties which is an active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Mylabris."	( Norcantharidin counteracts acquired everolimus resistance in renal cell carcinoma by dual inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and complex 2 pathways in Vitro. Cai, X; Chen, S; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Deng, T; Huang, X; Li, H; Li, J; Mo, L; Zheng, D, 2022)	2.89
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a promising antitumor drug with low toxicity. "	( Norcantharidin enhances antitumor immunity of GM-CSF prostate cancer cells vaccine by inducing apoptosis of regulatory T cells. Gao, J; Hu, Z; Li, H; Li, J; Mo, L; Shi, X; Wei, L; Zhang, X; Zheng, D, 2018)	3.37
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of many types of cancer, to which patients do not develop resistance."	( Norcantharidin reverses cisplatin resistance and inhibits the epithelial mesenchymal transition of human non‑small lung cancer cells by regulating the YAP pathway. Gao, Y; Guo, J; Jin, D; Shao, C; Wang, D; Wu, Y, 2018)	2.64
"Norcantharidin is an important substitute of cantharidin and has similar insecticidal activities to cantharidin."	( Effects of Cantharidin and Norcantharidin on Larval Feeding and Adult Oviposition Preferences of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Li, YF; Sun, H; Xi, N; Zhang, Y, 2019)	1.53
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is an effective anti-tumor compound with severe nephrotoxicity."	( Synthesis and anti-metastasis activities of norcantharidin-conjugated carboxymethyl chitosan as a novel drug delivery system. Chi, J; Han, B; Jiang, Z; Liu, W; Peng, Y; Qiao, J, 2019)	1.5
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a promising agent for inhibiting renal interstitial fibrosis."	( Norcantharidin inhibits renal interstitial fibrosis by blocking the tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Duan, S; Hou, T; Li, H; Li, J; Li, Y; Liu, F; Liu, H; Liu, Y; Peng, Y; Sun, L; Sun, Y; Wang, M; Wang, S; Xi, Y; Xiao, L; You, Y, 2013)	2.55
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is an efficacious anti-cancer drug that has been used in China for many years, but its underlying mechanism of action is still not fully understood. "	( Norcantharidin Suppresses Colon Cancer Cell Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Inhibiting the αvβ6-ERK-Ets1 Signaling Pathway. Agrez, M; Gao, C; Gao, H; He, Z; Li, Z; Lin, P; Niu, J; Niu, W; Niu, Z; Peng, C; Wang, J; Xu, Z; Zhang, Z, 2016)	3.32
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a Chinese FDA approved, chemically synthesized drug for cancer treatment. "	( Norcantharidin Inhibits cell growth by suppressing the expression and phosphorylation of both EGFR and c-Met in human colon cancer cells. Cui, Y; He, Y; Liu, M; Ma, H; Qiu, P; Tang, Y; Wang, S; Xu, H; Xu, L; Zeng, X; Zhang, L; Zhang, M, 2017)	3.34
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a small molecule toxin."	( [Preparation of the immunotoxin 2E8-norcantharidin and its targeting killing effect in vitro]. Li, LX; Luo, CF; Qian, BQ; Shen, HQ; Tang, YM; Zhang, HZ, 2008)	1.34
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a small-molecule metastasis inhibitor without renal toxicity derived from a renal toxic compound cantharidin, which is found in blister beetles (Mylabris phalerata Pall.), commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. "	( A small-molecule metastasis inhibitor, norcantharidin, downregulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by inhibiting Sp1 transcriptional activity in colorectal cancer cells. Chang, WM; Chen, YJ; Jang, YH; Kuo, CD; Lee, CY; Liao, HF; Liu, YW, 2009)	2.06
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a potential anti-cancer agent that inhibits proliferation and induces cell death through regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). "	( Norcantharidin induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits progression of human leukemic Jurkat T cells through mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated regulation of interleukin-2 production. Chen, YJ; Chou, CH; Kuo, CD; Liao, HF; Wang, FW, 2011)	3.25
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is an anticancer drug routinely used against hepatoma in China. "	( Norcantharidin-induced apoptosis is via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase signaling pathways in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Chen, JC; Chen, YN; Cheng, CC; Hsu, SL; Tsauer, W, 2003)	3.2
"Norcantharidin (3) is a potent PP1 (IC(50)=9.0+/-1.4 microM) and PP2A (IC(50)=3.0+/-0.4 microM) inhibitor with 3-fold PP2A selectivity and induces growth inhibition (GI(50) approximately 45 microM) across a range of human cancer cell lines including those of colorectal (HT29, SW480), breast (MCF-7), ovarian (A2780), lung (H460), skin (A431), prostate (DU145), neuroblastoma (BE2-C), and glioblastoma (SJ-G2) origin. "	( Heterocyclic substituted cantharidin and norcantharidin analogues--synthesis, protein phosphatase (1 and 2A) inhibition, and anti-cancer activity. Ackland, SP; Gilbert, J; Hill, TA; McCluskey, A; Sakoff, JA; Sauer, B; Stewart, SG, 2007)	2.05
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a synthetic analog of cantharidin. "	( The preliminary observation on immunosuppressive effect of norcantharidin in mice. Piao, XH; Wei, LX; Xiue, S; Yan, MS, 1993)	1.97

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) has a certain degree of hydrophilicity and poor lipophilicity, and has some side-effects, including short t"	( Preclinical evaluations of Norcantharidin liposome and emulsion hybrid delivery system with improved encapsulation efficiency and enhanced antitumor activity. Dong, N; Gao, S; Gou, J; He, H; Liu, Z; Tan, X; Tang, X; Wu, Z; Yin, T; Zhang, Y; Zhao, L; Zhou, N, 2022)	2.46
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) has a certain degree of hydrophilicity and poor lipophilicity, and has some side-effects, including short t"	( Preclinical evaluations of Norcantharidin liposome and emulsion hybrid delivery system with improved encapsulation efficiency and enhanced antitumor activity. Dong, N; Gao, S; Gou, J; He, H; Liu, Z; Tan, X; Tang, X; Wu, Z; Yin, T; Zhang, Y; Zhao, L; Zhou, N, 2022)	2.46
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) has antiproliferation, antimetastasis, apoptosis, and autophagy effects in various tumor cells."	( Norcantharidin combined with paclitaxel induces endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated apoptotic effect in prostate cancer cells by targeting SIRT7 expression. Chen, YS; Chiou, HL; Hsieh, YH; Hui, SC; Lee, CH; Lin, CY; Wu, MH, 2021)	2.79
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) has been used as a clinical antineoplastic drug in China for several years, and diamminedichloroplatinum is a valuable clinical cancer chemotherapy agent. "	( Norcantharidin combined with diamminedichloroplatinum inhibits tumor growth and cancerometastasis of hepatic carcinoma in murine. An, FY; Chen, XJ; Geng, GQ; Li, ZD; Liu, XS; Liu, YQ; Luo, LL; Sun, SB; Xie, XR; Zhang, XP, 2018)	3.37
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) has shown to have multiple antitumor activities against GBCs, etc; however the exact mechanism is not thoroughly elucidated."	( Norcantharidin inhibits tumor growth and vasculogenic mimicry of human gallbladder carcinomas by suppression of the PI3-K/MMPs/Ln-5γ2 signaling pathway. Fan, YZ; Ge, CY; Liu, ZY; Lu, XS; Sun, W; Zhang, JT; Zhang, WZ; Zhao, ZM, 2014)	2.57
"Norcantharidin has been used as an efficacious anticancer drug in China for many years, but its true mechanism remains poorly understood. "	( Norcantharidin induces HT-29 colon cancer cell apoptosis through the alphavbeta6-extracellular signal-related kinase signaling pathway. Agrez, M; Chen, R; Lin, P; Liu, E; Liu, X; Niu, J; Niu, W; Peng, C; Wang, J; Xu, K; Zhang, Z, 2009)	3.24
"Norcantharidin not only has strong anticancer activity, but also eliminates most side-effects in the urinary system, does not cause myelosuppression and increases the number of white blood cells."	( Norcantharidin analogues: a patent review (2006 - 2010). Deng, L; Tang, S, 2011)	2.53
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) has been reported to induce tumor cell apoptosis. "	( Norcantharidin induces melanoma cell apoptosis through activation of TR3 dependent pathway. Bing, Z; Bosenberg, M; Kumar, SM; Liu, S; Martin, JS; Sheng, W; Xu, X; Yu, H, 2011)	3.25
"Norcantharidin (NCTD) has been reported to possess potent anti-angiogenesis and antitumor properties in several cell lines and xenograft tumor models."	( Suppression of lymphangiogenesis in human lymphatic endothelial cells by simultaneously blocking VEGF-C and VEGF-D/VEGFR-3 with norcantharidin. Fan, YZ; Jing, W; Liu, ZY; Ni, YY; Qiu, HO; Sun, JJ; Yuan, XJ, 2012)	1.3

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Norcantharidin began to inhibit the invasion of GBC-SD cells at the concentration of 5 microg/mL, and the invasive action of GBC-SD cells was inhibited completely and their crossing-river time was prolonged significantly at 40 microg/mL."	( Effect of norcantharidin on proliferation and invasion of human gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells. Chen, CQ; Fan, YZ; Fu, JY; Zhao, ZM, 2005)	1.45

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Norcantharidin-treated cells showed the activation of caspase 8."	( Induction of apoptosis by norcantharidin in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines: involvement of the CD95 receptor/ligand. Jiang, Y; Kan, B; Lei, S; Liu, JY; Lu, Y; Luo, F; Mao, YQ; Peng, F; Tian, L; Wang, GS; Wang, QR; Wei, YQ; Yang, L; Zhao, X; Zou, LQ, 2002)	1.34
"Treatment by norcantharidin induced significant mitophagy and autophagy, as demonstrated by a decrease in Translocase Of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 20 (TOM20), increased beclin1 and LC3-II protein expression, reduced protein SQSTM1/p62 expression, and accumulation of punctate LC3 in the cytoplasm of SK-N-SH cells."	( Norcantharidin Inhibits SK-N-SH Neuroblastoma Cell Growth by Induction of Autophagy and Apoptosis. Cao, M; Dai, L; Han, Z; Jiang, J; Li, B; Li, Z; Wang, J; Zhang, X, 2017)	2.25
"Treatment with norcantharidin at 3μg/ml or higher significantly increased oligonucleosomal formation with concomitant appearance of PARP cleavage, implicating the induction of apoptosis."	( Norcantharidin induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Chou, CY; Hu, DN; Kao, YH; Lin, IC; Wu, YC; Yang, PY, 2016)	2.22
"Treatment of norcantharidin with allylamine afforded the corresponding allyl-norcantharimide (20) which was amenable to epoxidation (mCPBA, 22) and subsequent ring opening (MeOH/H(+); 23) or alternatively, osmylation (OsO(4)/NMO; 24)."	( Norcantharimides, synthesis and anticancer activity: Synthesis of new norcantharidin analogues and their anticancer evaluation. Ackland, SP; Gilbert, J; Hill, TA; McCluskey, A; Sakoff, JA; Sauer, B; Stewart, SG, 2007)	0.93
"Treatment with norcantharidin of colorectal cancer cells not only inhibited cell proliferation, but also induced apoptosis. "	( Induction of apoptosis by norcantharidin in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines: involvement of the CD95 receptor/ligand. Jiang, Y; Kan, B; Lei, S; Liu, JY; Lu, Y; Luo, F; Mao, YQ; Peng, F; Tian, L; Wang, GS; Wang, QR; Wei, YQ; Yang, L; Zhao, X; Zou, LQ, 2002)	0.97

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The norcantharidin/poloxamer 407 is less toxic than the equivalent dose of norcantharidin, mainly because norcantharidin/poloxamer 407 may release norcantharidin sustainedly, thus reducing norcantharidin concentration in blood."	( [Comparison of acute toxicity of two preparations of norcantharidin in mice]. Gu, W; Li, B; Zhang, YN; Zhu, LF, 2007)	1.15
" However, the clinical use of NCTD is limited due to its poor solubility, low bioavailability, and toxic effects on normal cells."	( Strategies for Solubility and Bioavailability Enhancement and Toxicity Reduction of Norcantharidin. Li, X; Liu, Q; Sheng, H; Sun, H; Zhu, L, 2022)	0.95

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The method was suitable for determination of low NCTD concentration in human serum after therapeutic oral doses, and has been successfully used for pharmacokinetic studies in healthy Chinese volunteers."	( Determination and pharmacokinetic study of norcantharidin in human serum by HPLC-MS/MS method. Guo, RC; Wang, BJ; Wei, CM; Yuan, GY; Zhang, R, 2008)	0.61
" Pharmacokinetic profiles of the NCTD group and PVP-NCTD-NP group, after oral and intravenous administration in rats, revealed that relative bioavailabilities were 173."	( Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and metabolites of a polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated norcantharidin chitosan nanoparticle formulation in rats and mice, using LC-MS/MS. Chen, WL; Ding, XY; Gu, ZL; Hong, CJ; Liu, Y; Shi, LS; Xing, KL; Zhang, Q; Zhang, XN; Zhu, AJ, 2012)	0.6
" However, the unreliable pharmacokinetic characteristics of DM-NCTD could result in low bioavailability, hindering the clinical use of DM-NCTD in the treatment of diseases."	( Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of a diacid metabolite of norcantharidin loaded in folic acid-targeted liposomes in mice. Gao, JQ; Han, M; Liu, MC; Ma, XQ; Peng, LH; Xu, Y, 2016)	0.65

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM) combined with PI staining and annexin V-FITC/PI, respectively."	( [Inhibitory effect of norcantharidin combined with evodiamine on the growth of human hepatic carcinoma cell line HepG2 in vitro]. Liao, H; Liu, Y; You, Z; Zahng, J, 2014)	0.72
"EVO combined with NCTD showed synergetic effect on anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis in HepG2 cells."	( [Inhibitory effect of norcantharidin combined with evodiamine on the growth of human hepatic carcinoma cell line HepG2 in vitro]. Liao, H; Liu, Y; You, Z; Zahng, J, 2014)	0.72
"To study the therapeutic effect of norcantharidin (NCTD) combined with ABT-737 on hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the molecular mechanism."	( Norcantharidin combined with ABT-737 for hepatocellular carcinoma: Therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms. Li, G; Lin, L; Ren, J; Ye, T; Zhao, W, 2016)	2.15
" Liver cancer cells in the logarithmic phase of growth were vaccinated and cultured to the cell wall stage; these cells were treated for 48 h with different concentrations of NCTD, or ABT-737, or NCTD combined with ABT-737."	( Norcantharidin combined with ABT-737 for hepatocellular carcinoma: Therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms. Li, G; Lin, L; Ren, J; Ye, T; Zhao, W, 2016)	1.88
"As the concentration of NCTD increased, the cell proliferation inhibition rate gradually decreased; and the treatment effect of ABT-737 1-3 μm combined with NCTD on cell proliferation inhibition was stronger than that of ABT-737 alone."	( Norcantharidin combined with ABT-737 for hepatocellular carcinoma: Therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms. Li, G; Lin, L; Ren, J; Ye, T; Zhao, W, 2016)	1.88
"NCTD combined with ABT-737 has a positive role in the treatment of HCC, and it has great value in clinical research."	( Norcantharidin combined with ABT-737 for hepatocellular carcinoma: Therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms. Li, G; Lin, L; Ren, J; Ye, T; Zhao, W, 2016)	1.88
" Nevertheless, the antitumor effect of NCTD combined with paclitaxel (PTX), a chemotherapeutic drug, in PCa remains unknown."	( Norcantharidin combined with paclitaxel induces endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated apoptotic effect in prostate cancer cells by targeting SIRT7 expression. Chen, YS; Chiou, HL; Hsieh, YH; Hui, SC; Lee, CH; Lin, CY; Wu, MH, 2021)	2.06

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The absorption rate constants (Ka) of NCTD at different segments were found to be duodenum > jejunum > ileum > colon."	( Novel norcantharidin-loaded liver targeting chitosan nanoparticles to enhance intestinal absorption. Bei, YY; Chen, WL; Chen, XY; Gu, ZL; Liu, Y; Shi, LS; Wang, Q; Wang, WJ; Xing, KL; Xu, JY; Zhang, Q; Zhang, XN; Zhu, AJ, 2012)	0.86
" A liposomal drug delivery system could overcome the shortcomings of DM-NCTD by improving the relative bioavailability (Fr), reducing drug toxicity, and increasing the therapeutic efficacy."	( Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of a diacid metabolite of norcantharidin loaded in folic acid-targeted liposomes in mice. Gao, JQ; Han, M; Liu, MC; Ma, XQ; Peng, LH; Xu, Y, 2016)	0.65
" This review summarizes the structure-activity relationship of NCTD and novel strategies to improve the solubility and bioavailability of NCTD as well as reduce the toxicity."	( Strategies for Solubility and Bioavailability Enhancement and Toxicity Reduction of Norcantharidin. Li, X; Liu, Q; Sheng, H; Sun, H; Zhu, L, 2022)	0.95
" Therefore, this review focused on the studies of targeted drug delivery systems combined with NCTD in recent years, including passive and active targeted drug delivery systems, and physicochemical targeted drug delivery systems for improving drug bioavailability and enhancing its efficacy, as well as increasing drug targeting ability and reducing its adverse effects."	( Review targeted drug delivery systems for norcantharidin in cancer therapy. Cheng, JX; Fan, Y; Guo, DY; Shi, YJ; Sun, J; Tian, H; Zhai, BT; Zhang, XF; Zou, JB, 2022)	0.99

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" DM-NCTD had dose-dependent kinetics across the dosage range investigated, with enhanced T(1/2α) and AUC(0-12) and apparently decreasing V(d) and CL with increasing dosage."	( Determination and pharmacokinetic study of the diacid metabolite of norcantharidin in beagle plasma by use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Guo, M; Jin, Z; Li, F; Li, W; Liu, M; Ma, X, 2013)	0.63

Class	Description
furofuran	Organic heterobicyclic compounds containing a two furan rings ortho-fused to each other.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.9833	0.0040	23.8416	100.0000	AID485290
Chain A, Beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli K-12	Potency	5.6234	0.0447	17.8581	100.0000	AID485294
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.8304	0.1778	14.3909	39.8107	AID2147
ATAD5 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.6267	0.0041	10.8903	31.5287	AID493106; AID504466; AID504467
GLS protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.5481	0.3548	7.9355	39.8107	AID624146
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.6032	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224821
arylsulfatase A	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.8492	1.0691	13.9551	37.9330	AID720538
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	37.6858	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	75.6863	23.9341	23.9341	23.9341	AID1967
ras-related protein Rab-9A	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	125.8920	0.0002	2.6215	31.4954	AID485297
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.2202	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID463097
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.3981	0.0316	22.3146	100.0000	AID588579
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.7201	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1459; AID1487
Inositol monophosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	28.1838	1.0000	10.4756	28.1838	AID1457
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
PPP5C protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.5670	0.8278	1.6974	2.5670	AID2422
serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit isoform 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.8320	2.4770	3.6555	6.6460	AID2403
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347151	Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID588349	qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID1347045	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347058	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347057	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347050	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID504836	Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation	2002	The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16	Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID1347410	qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library	2019	Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60	A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347405	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347059	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588378	qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID1347049	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).	2014	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	1 (0.37)	18.7374
1990's	10 (3.73)	18.2507
2000's	53 (19.78)	29.6817
2010's	161 (60.07)	24.3611
2020's	43 (16.04)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	8 (2.94%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	264 (97.06%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Trial			Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Phase I Clinical Study for Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic, Safety, Tolerance of Norcantharidin Lipid Microsphere for Injection in Patients With Solid Tumor [NCT04673396]			Phase 1	36 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-22	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	2.04	1	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.03	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.03	1	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2	1	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
2-aminofluorene [no description available]	2	1
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	2.08	1	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.05	1	indoles	fluorochrome
endothall endothall: minor descriptor (72-82); online & Index Medicus search DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS (72-82)	7.17	1
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.47	2	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2.06	1	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	1.99	1	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
thymidine [no description available]	2.03	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	7.11	1	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.	6.68	21	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	2.04	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	7.45	2	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	2.07	1	lactose
cytarabine [no description available]	2.05	1	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2	1	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.04	1	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.07	1	pyrrolidin-2-ones
lactobionic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	disaccharide	antioxidant
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.15	1	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	3.02	4	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.08	1	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.53	2	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.53	2	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.48	2	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
enbucrilate Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.	2.15	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; nitrile
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	2.44	2	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	7.17	1	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.21	1	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	1.97	1	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	2.05	1	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2.05	1	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	7.55	2	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2.15	1	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
elliptinium elliptinium: synthetic ellipticine deriv; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	6.97	1	carbazoles
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	1.97	1
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	7.53	2	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.	2.07	1	dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger
2,5-diformylfuran 2,5-diformylfuran: structure in first source. 2,5-diformylfuran : A member of the class of furans carrying two formyl substituents at positions 2 and 5.	2.15	1	arenecarbaldehyde; dialdehyde; furans
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	7.17	1	iditol	fungal metabolite
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.03	1	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.21	1	oligopeptide
paxilline paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.	2.54	2	diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker
gefitinib [no description available]	7.8	3	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
methotrexate [no description available]	1.97	1	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
evodiamine [no description available]	7.1	1	beta-carbolines
erlotinib hydrochloride [no description available]	2.11	1	hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; protein kinase inhibitor
sorafenib [no description available]	3.01	2	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	2.15	1	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
bortezomib [no description available]	7.08	1	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	7.13	1	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.03	1	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: structure in first source. 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin substituted at position 6 by a bromo group and in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.	2.05	1
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.13	1	stilbene
tamoxifen [no description available]	7.21	1	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
tetrachlorodecaoxide tetrachlorodecaoxide: stimulates wound healing; consists of chlorine, oxygen complexes	1.97	1
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.07	1	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	2.02	1	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	7.25	1	alkaline earth metal atom
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.21	1
everolimus [no description available]	7.41	1	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	2.02	1	ammonium ion derivative
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	2.25	1	oligopeptide
abt-737 [no description available]	2.82	3	aromatic amine; aryl sulfide; biphenyls; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	3.67	9
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.03	1	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chitosan [no description available]	4.05	13
osteum [no description available]	2.03	1	organic molecular entity
arabinogalactan [no description available]	7.17	1
navitoclax [no description available]	2.1	1	aryl sulfide; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; piperazines; secondary amino compound; sulfone; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.49	2
birinapant birinapant: a Smac mimetic with antineoplastic activity	2.15	1	dipeptide
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	7.57	2
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	2.31	1	ketal
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.44	2
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	2.82	3
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	7.13	1	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	7.85	3	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.1	1
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.1	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	6.8	15
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	6.8	15
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.13	1
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.13	1
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.21	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.77	9
Itching [description not available]	2.21	1
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.21	1
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	2.21	1
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	2.41	1
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	2.41	1
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	7.55	2
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.55	2
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	5.16	42
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	5.29	48
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	5.16	42
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	5.29	48
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	2.41	1
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	7.41	1
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	2.41	1
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	3.67	9
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	3.67	9
Kahler Disease [description not available]	3.03	4
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	3.03	4
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.25	1
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	2.25	1
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	2.25	1
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	7.25	1
Cirrhosis [description not available]	4.54	8
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	3.03	4
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	4.54	8
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	3.03	4
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	2.63	2
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.25	1
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.63	2
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	2.85	3
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	3.69	3
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.76	2
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	2.76	2
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.76	2
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	2.76	2
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	2.78	3
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	2.78	3
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	3.25	5
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	3.25	5
Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.49	7
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.49	7
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	2.15	1
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	3.54	8
B-Cell Leukemia [description not available]	2.77	3
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	3.32	6
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	7.17	1
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.75	3
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	2.17	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.75	3
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	2.17	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.17	1
Blood Clot [description not available]	2.17	1
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	2.17	1
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	7.17	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	3.18	5
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	3.58	8
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	3.18	5
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	3.58	8
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.61	2
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.61	2
Bone Cancer [description not available]	2.21	1
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	2.21	1
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	3.69	9
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	2.21	1
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, and are readily cured by excision. The high-grade behave aggressively, widely infiltrate the salivary gland and produce lymph node and distant metastases. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas account for about 21% of the malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 10% of the sublingual gland. They are the most common malignant tumor of the parotid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240)	2.21	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.21	1
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.21	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.55	2
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.97	4
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.55	2
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.97	4
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	3.84	11
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.1	1
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	3.84	11
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.52	2
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.79	3
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.52	2
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.79	3
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	2.52	2
Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.1	1
Blood Diseases [description not available]	2.11	1
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	2.11	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	3.02	4
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	2.11	1
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	3.02	4
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	2.11	1
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	2.11	1
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.13	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.13	1
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.13	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	7.13	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.13	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.48	2
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.15	1
Metastase [description not available]	2.96	4
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.96	4
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	2.06	1
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	2.06	1
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.06	1
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.47	2
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.47	2
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	7.46	2
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	2.07	1
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	7.07	1
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.44	2
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	7.44	2
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis [description not available]	2.07	1
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.07	1
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.07	1
Malignant Fibrohistiocytic Tumors [description not available]	2.08	1
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	2.08	1
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	2.08	1
Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous The most commonly diagnosed soft tissue sarcoma. It is a neoplasm with a fibrohistiocytic appearance found chiefly in later adult life, with peak incidence in the 7th decade.	2.08	1
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	2.07	1
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	2.07	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.42	2
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	2.07	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.02	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.02	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.44	2
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	7.44	2
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.03	1
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	2.03	1
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	2.03	1
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	1.98	1
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	2.38	2
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	1.98	1
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	2	1
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	1.97	1
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	1.97	1
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	1.97	1
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	1.97	1

norcantharidin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (103)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (16)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Bioassays (22)

Research

Studies (268)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 26.07

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Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

norcantharidin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (103)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (16)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Bioassays (22)

Research

Studies (268)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 26.07

Study Types

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (81)

Related Conditions (142)