Page last updated: 2024-10-24

lactone catabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactone. [GOC:TermGenie]

The lactone catabolic process is a biochemical pathway that breaks down lactones, which are cyclic esters, into their constituent carboxylic acids. This process is essential for the metabolism of various natural products and synthetic compounds containing lactone moieties. The specific steps involved in lactone catabolism can vary depending on the structure of the lactone and the enzymes present in the organism. However, the general mechanism involves the hydrolysis of the lactone ring, which is catalyzed by lactonases. These enzymes utilize a water molecule to attack the carbonyl group of the lactone, opening the ring and forming a carboxylic acid. The resulting carboxylic acid can then be further metabolized through other pathways, such as beta-oxidation or decarboxylation. Some common examples of lactones that undergo catabolism include gamma-butyrolactone, which is a major component of butter and other dairy products, and penicillin V, an antibiotic that is produced by the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. The catabolism of penicillin V involves the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring by bacterial lactonases, which renders the antibiotic inactive. In addition to their role in drug metabolism, lactone catabolic processes are also involved in the degradation of natural products, such as coumarins and lignans, which are found in plants. These processes contribute to the breakdown of these compounds in the environment and the release of their constituent monomers.'
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Proteins (3)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3A serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q15166]Homo sapiens (human)
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2A serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q15165]Homo sapiens (human)
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1A serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P27169]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (20)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
4-nitrophenylphosphate4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.

nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid
aryl phosphatemouse metabolite
acetazolamideAcetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
diclofenac sodiumdiclofenac(1-) : The conjugate base of diclofenac.monocarboxylic acid anion
furosemidefurosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.

Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.
chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide
environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
ifosfamideifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
indomethacinindometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.

Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.
aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole
analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic;
xenobiotic metabolite
ketoprofenketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.

Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid
antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
mafenideMafenide: A sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme CARBONIC ANHYDRASE and is used as a topical anti-bacterial agent, especially in burn therapy.aromatic amine
sulfacetamidesulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.

Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
phenylphosphatephenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with phenol.

phenylphosphate: structure given in first source
aryl phosphatemouse metabolite
paclitaxelTaxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposidebeta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide: structure in first source
docetaxel anhydrousdocetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.

Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
clindamycin phosphate
lincomycinlincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.

Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.
carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
t-tucb
oxytetracycline, anhydrousoxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.

Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.
mobiflextenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine
antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
lornoxicamlornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine
antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug