Compounds > lentinan
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lentinan

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Lentinan is a polysaccharide extracted from the fruiting bodies of the shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes). It is a branched glucan with a beta-(1,3)-linked glucose backbone and beta-(1,6)-linked branches. Lentinan has been shown to have various biological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is thought to exert its effects by activating immune cells, such as macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, leading to the production of cytokines and other immune mediators. Lentinan is being studied for its potential use in cancer treatment, as an adjuvant therapy to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It is also being investigated for its potential to prevent and treat viral infections, such as influenza and HIV. The mechanism by which lentinan exerts its effects is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve the activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) on immune cells. Lentinan has been shown to be safe and well-tolerated in humans. It is currently available as a dietary supplement and is being investigated in clinical trials for its therapeutic potential.'

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID37723
SCHEMBL ID1517264
MeSH IDM0012355

Synonyms (16)

Synonym
lentinan ,
drg-0171
bromoduline
37339-90-5
lc-33
(2r,3s,4s,5r,6r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4-[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,5-tris(oxidanyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-(hydroxy
(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4-[[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4-[[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4-[[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxanyl]oxy]-6-[[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxanyl]oxyme
A823605
unii-6751655d1d
6751655d1d ,
SCHEMBL1517264
DTXSID30190781 ,
biomoduline
lentinan(biomoduline)
E80771
AKOS040758705

Research Excerpts

Overview

Lentinan (LNT) is a complex fungal component that possesses effective antitumor and immunostimulating properties. Lentinan is a polysaccharide extracted from Shiitake mushrooms that have been used to improve general health for thousands of years in Asia.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Lentinan is a polysaccharide with antitumor, pro-apoptotic properties that functions with poorly understood mechanisms."( Apaf1 nanoLuc biosensors identified lentinan as a potent synergizer of cisplatin in targeting hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Fan, H; Meng, F; Qu, K; Ren, B; Ren, L; Wang, H; Wang, Z; Yu, W; Zhou, L, 2021)		1.62
"Lentinan (LNT) is a complex fungal component that possesses effective antitumor and immunostimulating properties. "( Lentinan confers protection against type 1 diabetes by inducing regulatory T cell in spontaneous non-obese diabetic mice.
Cai, Z; Chang, X; Chen, F; Han, X; Lei, T; Li, Y; Mei, H; Niu, F; Pang, J; Qian, B; Sun, P; Wu, FG; Wu, T; Yang, N; Zhang, Y; Zhu, Y, 2023)		3.8
"Lentinan is a natural β-glucan with various bioactivities and is combined with chemotherapy drugs for cancer treatment. "( Lentinan as a natural stabilizer with bioactivities for preparation of drug-drug nanosuspensions.
Gan, N; Li, H; Peng, X; Sun, Q; Suo, Z; Yuan, N; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y; Zhao, L, 2021)		3.51
"Lentinan is a common biological response modifier. "( Efficacy of biological response modifier lentinan with chemotherapy for advanced cancer: a meta-analysis.
Bai, Q; Cai, Y; Wang, H; Xie, D; Yu, J; Zheng, Y, 2017)		2.16
"Lentinan is a polysaccharide extracted from Shiitake mushrooms that have been used to improve general health for thousands of years in Asia. "( Lentinan as an immunotherapeutic for treating lung cancer: a review of 12 years clinical studies in China.
Chang, Y; Guo, Z; Hao, C; He, Y; Jiang, Y; Li, X; Liu, Y; Luo, H; Wang, H; Zeng, P; Zhang, G; Zhang, L; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y, 2018)		3.37
"Lentinan is a polysaccharide that has been approved as an anti-cancer drug in Japan and China."( Selenium-lentinan inhibits tumor progression by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Chen, S; Li, M; Li, WW; Liu, HJ; Liu, YR; Qin, Y; Sheng, PZ; Sun, B; Sun, T; Tian, YX; Wang, LM; Yang, C; Zhou, HG; Zhu, GH; Zong, SM, 2018)		1.62
"Lentinan (LNT) is a biologically active compound extracted from Lentinus edodes. "( Lentinan inhibits tumor angiogenesis via interferon γ and in a T cell independent manner.
Deng, S; Fan, P; Huang, Y; Kuai, J; Liu, X; Wang, X; Wu, Q; Yang, D; Zhang, G; Zheng, X; Zhou, P, 2018)		3.37
"Lentinan is a polysaccharide extracted from Lentinula edodes."( Mushroom polysaccharide lentinan for treating different types of cancers: A review of 12 years clinical studies in China.
Tian, Q; Zhang, L; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y, 2019)		1.54
"Lentinan is a β-(1→6) branched β-(1→3)-glucan derived from Lentinula edodes mushroom. "( Quality evaluation of lentinan injection produced in China.
Chen, YW; Cheong, KL; Hu, DJ; Li, J; Li, SP; Xie, J; Zhao, J, 2013)		2.15
"Lentinan (LNT) is a purified β-1, 3-glucan that augments immune responses. "( Randomised phase III study of S-1 alone versus S-1 plus lentinan for unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer (JFMC36-0701).
Gochi, A; Hasegawa, H; Imano, M; Matsuda, T; Morita, S; Murakami, N; Nagao, J; Naitoh, H; Nemoto, H; Nishikawa, K; Oka, M; Osanai, H; Saji, S; Sakamoto, J; Sakata, K; Shimizu, R; Suzuki, M; Tajiri, T; Takahashi, T; Tanaka, A; Yoshikawa, T; Yoshino, S, 2016)		2.12
"Lentinan (LNT) is an immune regulator and its potential and mechanism for the treatment of mood disorder is of our interest. "( Lentinan produces a robust antidepressant-like effect via enhancing the prefrontal Dectin-1/AMPA receptor signaling pathway.
Bao, H; Du, J; Du, K; Gao, T; Hou, Y; Hu, W; Li, B; Nie, J; Ran, P; Shan, L; Sun, L; Xiao, C; Zheng, B; Zheng, S; Zhu, K; Zhu, Y, 2017)		3.34
"Lentinan (LNT) is an immune adjuvant medicine for advanced gastric cancer in Japan. "( Efficacy of orally administered superfine dispersed lentinan (beta-1,3-glucan) for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.
Hazama, S; Matsuda, K; Nakazawa, S; Ohashi, M; Oka, M; Suga, T; Suga, Y; Suzuki, M; Watanabe, S; Yagi, M; Yamamoto, T, 2009)		2.05
"Lentinan (LEN) is an intensively studied beta-glucan that has been shown to have immunostimulating and antitumor functions. "( Effects of lentinan on broiler splenocyte proliferation, interleukin-2 production, and signal transduction.
Chang, BY; Chen, HL; Gong, LM; Li, DF; Piao, XS; Yi, GF; Zhang, JX, 2003)		2.15
"Lentinan is a beta(1-3) glucan clarified to have a life prolonging effect in non-operable, recurrent gastric cancer patients in combination with chemotherapy. "( [Anticancer immunotherapy with perorally effective lentinan].
Hamuro, J, 2005)		2.02
"Lentinan is an antitumor product that is purified from fresh Lentinula edodes fruiting bodies. "( Lentinula edodes tlg1 encodes a thaumatin-like protein that is involved in lentinan degradation and fruiting body senescence.
Nagai, M; Nakade, K; Sakamoto, Y; Sato, T; Takahashi, M; Watanabe, H, 2006)		2.01
"Lentinan (LNT) is a beta-glucan known to have a life-prolonging effect in combination with chemotherapy for patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer. "( [S-1 combined with lentinan in patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer].
Kashimura, H; Kashiwagi, H; Mitsumori, N; Nimura, H; Takahashi, N; Takayama, S; Yanaga, K, 2006)		2.1
"Lentinan is a representative of a unique class of T cell adjuvants, and has no toxicity."( Preclinical evaluation of lentinan in animal models.
Chihara, G, 1983)		1.29
"Lentinan is a beta 1-->3 glucan isolated from Lentinus edodes (Shiitake mushroom) which has immune modulating properties. "( A placebo-controlled trial of the immune modulator, lentinan, in HIV-positive patients: a phase I/II trial.
Bihari, B; Goosby, E; Gordon, M; Gorter, R; Greco, M; Guralnik, M; Kaneko, Y; Mimura, T; Rudinicki, V; Wong, R, 1998)		1.99
"Lentinan is a fungal polysaccharide which acts as a T-cell adjuvant. "( Potentiation of schistosome granuloma formation. By lentinan--a T-cell adjuvant.
Byram, JE; DiPietro, J; Sher, A; von Lichtenberg, F, 1979)		1.95

Effects

Lentinan (LNT) has been reported to have a wide range of functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. Lentinan has excellent biocompatibility and notable antitumor activity but rather low bioavailability after intravenous or oral administration.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Lentinan has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of gastric cancer cell line BGC823."( Effect of lentinan combined with docetaxel and cisplatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of BGC823 cells.
Xiao, N; Xiao, Y; Zhao, L, 2013)		1.51
"Lentinan (LNT) has excellent biocompatibility and notable antitumor activity but rather low bioavailability after intravenous or oral administration."( Local delivery of biocompatible lentinan/chitosan composite for prolonged inhibition of postoperative breast cancer recurrence.
Chen, X; Cui, Z; Gu, S; Huang, X; Liu, X; Mei, H; Nie, G; Teng, W; Wang, K; Xu, J; Zhang, Y, 2022)		1.73
"Lentinan (LNT) has been reported to have a wide range of functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. "( Lentinan inhibits oxidative stress and alleviates LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis of BMECs by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Chang, G; Huo, R; Ma, N; Meng, M; Shen, X; Shi, X; Wang, Y, 2022)		3.61
"Lentinan (SLNT) has been shown to be directly cytotoxic to cancer cells. "( Lentinan inhibited colon cancer growth by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagic cell death and apoptosis.
Liu, Y; Song, M; Tang, W; Wang, J; Wang, K; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Z; Zhou, Y, 2021)		3.51
"Lentinan has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of gastric cancer cell line BGC823."( Effect of lentinan combined with docetaxel and cisplatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of BGC823 cells.
Xiao, N; Xiao, Y; Zhao, L, 2013)		1.51
"Lentinan, which has been used as an immunomodulator in the treatment of cancer, possesses anti-tumor activities."( Polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes combined with oxaliplatin possesses the synergy and attenuation effect in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cheng, F; Cheng, Y; Huang, X; Li, Q; Wang, J; Wang, K; Zhang, Y, 2016)		1.16
"Lentinan has been tested in a model of colon cancer in rats. "( Regression induced by lentinan, of peritoneal carcinomatoses in a model of colon cancer in rat.
Chihara, G; Jeannin, JF; Lagadec, P; Martin, F; Olsson, NO; Pelletier, H; Reisser, D, 1988)		2.03
"Lentinan has little toxic side effects."( Antitumor and metastasis-inhibitory activities of lentinan as an immunomodulator: an overview.
Chihara, G; Hamuro, J; Maeda, YY; Sasaki, T; Shiio, T; Suga, T; Takasuka, N, 1987)		1.25
"Lentinan has been shown to have a suppressive effect on the natural pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma, though its effect seems to depend on the timing of the administration. "( [Suppressive effect of lentinan on pulmonary metastases in murine tumors].
Kitamura, K; Ohishi, K; Shiio, T; Yugari, Y, 1987)		2.03

Actions

Lentinan can suppress human embryonic lung fibroblast proliferation. Lentinan did not inhibit the growth of either primary or metastatic tumors.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Lentinan can suppress human embryonic lung fibroblast proliferation, fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation and extra cellular matrix synthesis induced by IL-1β."( [Effects of lentinan on interleukin-1β-induced transdifferentiation of human embryonic lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts].
Jin, LT; Li, CC; Lin, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, WX, 2011)		2.19
"Lentinan did not inhibit the growth of either primary or metastatic tumors."( [Activation of antitumor immunity by intratumor injection of biological preparations].
Ebina, T, 2003)		1.04

Treatment

Lentinan treatment of BN rats with BNML leukemia resulted in improved cage-side health. In lentinan-treated septic animals, platelet counts did not decrease. Pre-treatment with Lentinan enhanced the local immunohistological response to BCG in lung.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Lentinan treatment decreased AKT protein expression by 33%, and AKT protein expression in the lentinan and rosiglitazone co-treatment group was reduced by 28% compared with the lentinan treatment group."( Lentinan depresses 3T3-L1 fat cell formation by inhibiting PPARγ/AKT signaling pathway.
Li, DG; Li, JL; Liu, Q; Sun, DQ; Sun, XB; Sun, XG, 2015)		2.58
"Lentinan treatment of BN rats with BNML leukemia resulted in improved cage-side health and reduced cachexia in the terminal stage of this aggressive disease."( Lentinan: hematopoietic, immunological, and efficacy studies in a syngeneic model of acute myeloid leukemia.
Bruserud, Ø; Gjertsen, BT; McCormack, E; Mujic, M; Skavland, J, 2010)		2.52
"Lentinan treatment inhibited up-regulation of the cell proliferation activity, α-SMA protein levels, FN, ColⅠand α-SMA mRNA expression induced by IL-1β in a dose-independent manner (P<0.01)."( [Effects of lentinan on interleukin-1β-induced transdifferentiation of human embryonic lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts].
Jin, LT; Li, CC; Lin, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, WX, 2011)		1.47
"Lentinan treatment of BDF1 mice transplanted intradermally with FBL-3 induced complete tumor regression and a marked increase in survival time."( Reconstitution of anti-tumor effects of lentinan in nude mice: roles of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction triggered by CD4-positive T cell clone in the infiltration of effector cells into tumor.
Hamuro, J; Iwashiro, M; Kuribayashi, K; Suzuki, M; Takatsuki, F, 1994)		1.28
"In lentinan-treated septic animals, platelet counts did not decrease and a significant difference was found at 9 h, compared to the untreated septic animals."( Modification of septic processes by beta-glucan administration.
Kambayashi, J; Kido, Y; Mori, T; Ou, MC; Tsujinaka, T; Yokota, M, 1990)		0.79
"Treatment with lentinan was found to reduce the amplitude of changes in the clock genes, such as the activation of Per and Cry proteins in allergic mice, as well as to regulate biological rhythm in cells, inhibit the activation of Th2 cells, and alleviate allergic reactions."( Lentinan Inhibited the Activation of Th2 Cells in Allergic Mice by Reducing the Amplitude of Changes in Biological Rhythm.
Che, H; Cheng, L; Chew, H; Guo, X; Jiang, Y; Sun, N; Yang, S, 2021)		2.4
"Pre-treatment with Lentinan enhanced the local immunohistological response to BCG in lung and reduced the generalized side effects."( Combined immunomodulating effects of BCG and Lentinan after intranasal application in guinea pigs.
Drandarska, I; Kussovski, V; Markova, N; Nikolaeva, S, 2005)		0.91

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Findings were as follow: 1) Administration of beta-type Interferon for 2 days, following the administration of a toxic dose (140 mg/kg/w) of 5-FU, revealed significant protection from mortality in C3H/He mice."( [Prevention of 5-FU induced toxicity in C3 H/HE mice with interferon or with interferon inducers (poly 1: C, OK-432, Lentinan)].
Abe, R; Akimoto, M; Ewasaki, H; Kasai, M; Matano, S; Nakajima, Y; Ueki, H, 1984)		0.48
" LD50 values in mg/kg body weight were essentially the same regardless of species as well as sexes and estimated as follows: 250-500 (i."( [Acute toxicity of lentinan in mice and rats (author's transl)].
Ichimura, M; Moriyuki, H, 1980)		0.59
"5 mg/kg/day was without adverse effect."( The intravenous toxicity of lentinan to the beagle dog.
Allen, TR; Chesterman, H; Edmondson, NA; Heywood, R; Prentice, DE; Street, AE, 1981)		0.56
" When compared with a toxic Escherichia coli-derived LPS, BP-LPS displayed excellent anti-tumour activity against MH134 hepatoma and Meth A fibrosarcoma."( Anti-tumour activity of low-toxicity lipopolysaccharide of Bordetella pertussis.
Abe, S; Kimura, S; Mizuno, DI; Ohnishi, M; Oshima, H; Yamaguchi, H; Yamazaki, M, 1994)		0.29
" However, many patients are often forced to give up long-term S-1 treatment owing to high incidence rates of adverse effects."( [Provision for adverse effect of S-1 containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced digestive cancer--combination with superfine dispersed lentinan].
Hazama, S; Nakazawa, S; Suga, T; Watanabe, S; Yagi, M; Yoshino, S, 2010)		0.56
" Adverse events which had an undeniable causal relationship to SDL were observed in 2 patients (2."( [Provision for adverse effect of S-1 containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced digestive cancer--combination with superfine dispersed lentinan].
Hazama, S; Nakazawa, S; Suga, T; Watanabe, S; Yagi, M; Yoshino, S, 2010)		0.56
"From the results of the present study, SDL is considered completely free of anything harmful to advanced digestive cancer patients and is effective for the suppression of adverse effects of S-1 or S-1+alpha therapy."( [Provision for adverse effect of S-1 containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced digestive cancer--combination with superfine dispersed lentinan].
Hazama, S; Nakazawa, S; Suga, T; Watanabe, S; Yagi, M; Yoshino, S, 2010)		0.56
" The main adverse effects (AEs) found in the control plan were hematological reactions, nausea/vomiting, chest pain and fever."( Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety for Lentinan in the Control of the Malignant Pleural Effusions via Intrapleural Injection.
Congcong, Q; Fang, Y; Hengting, Z; Shan, W; Shuhui, L, 2019)		0.78

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In addition, SPECT imaging of 99mTc-DTPA-LNT was performed to visually reveal the pharmacokinetic characteristics of LNT."( A sensitive and rapid radiolabelling method for the in vivo pharmacokinetic study of lentinan.
Huang, X; Li, Q; Pan, X; Shu, Y; Wang, K; Yang, X; Yin, L; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Z, 2018)		0.7

Compound-Compound Interactions

Lentinan (LNT) is a beta-glucan known to have a life-prolonging effect in combination with chemotherapy for patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer. 12 clinical studies of lentinan injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC were included in this meta-analysis.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"A patient with ovarian cancer recurrent in the pelvis showed partial response to consecutive intraarterial (IA) cisplatin (CDDP) combined with continuous IA 5FU treatment and received third look operation in which the recurrent tumor could not be completely removed."( [Successful treatment of a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer by lentinan combined with intraarterial 5FU].
Chen, JT; Fujimoto, I; Hamada, T; Hasumi, K; Hirai, Y; Masubuchi, K; Nakayama, K; Shimizu, Y; Teshima, H; Yamauchi, K, 1989)		0.51
"Using C3H/He mice, the antitumor effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone and in combination with Lentinan extracted from Lentinus edodes was studied."( Antitumor effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone and in combination with lentinan on MH-134 tumors in C3H/He mice.
Miwa, H; Moriya, N; Orita, K, 1984)		0.71
" A biological response modifier, lentinan (LNT) prolonged the survival period of patients with UARG when combined with tegafur (FT)."( [Pilot study of TS-1 combined with lentinan in patients with unresectable or recurrent advanced gastric cancer].
Atomi, Y; Kusano, M; Mitsumori, N; Nakajima, M; Nimura, H; Suzuki, S; Tokunaga, A; Tsukagoshi, S; Yoshiyuki, T, 2003)		0.88
"Lentinan (LNT) is a beta-glucan known to have a life-prolonging effect in combination with chemotherapy for patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer."( [S-1 combined with lentinan in patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer].
Kashimura, H; Kashiwagi, H; Mitsumori, N; Nimura, H; Takahashi, N; Takayama, S; Yanaga, K, 2006)		2.1
"Recently, in drug therapy for patients with advanced digestive cancer, S-1 (tegafur x gimeracil x oteracil potassium) alone or S-1 combined with other chemotherapeutic agents (S-1+alpha) is prescribed."( [Provision for adverse effect of S-1 containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced digestive cancer--combination with superfine dispersed lentinan].
Hazama, S; Nakazawa, S; Suga, T; Watanabe, S; Yagi, M; Yoshino, S, 2010)		0.56
" In this study, the response of human OSCC cells to Lentinan alone and in combination with S-1 was examined using nude mouse xenograft models."( Effects of lentinan alone and in combination with fluoropyrimidine anticancer agent on growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
Harada, K; Itashiki, Y; Takenawa, T; Ueyama, Y, 2010)		1
"To study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of thermotherapy combined with thoracic injection of lentinan in treatment of cancerous hydrothorax (CH) in patients with lung cancer."( [Clinical observation of thermotherapy combined with thoracic injection of lentinan in treatment of cancerous hydrothorax of patients with lung cancer].
Chen, L; Jia, YJ; Li, XJ, 2011)		0.82
"Thermotherapy combined with thoracic injection of lentinan showed better effect in treatment of CH in patients with lung cancer."( [Clinical observation of thermotherapy combined with thoracic injection of lentinan in treatment of cancerous hydrothorax of patients with lung cancer].
Chen, L; Jia, YJ; Li, XJ, 2011)		0.85
"We studied the inhibitory effects of lentinan alone or lentinan combined with docetaxel and cisplatin on growth of gastric cancer cell line BGC823."( Effect of lentinan combined with docetaxel and cisplatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of BGC823 cells.
Xiao, N; Xiao, Y; Zhao, L, 2013)		1.07
"To systematic review and analysis the clinical efficacy and toxicity of lentinan injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."( A meta-analysis of lentinan injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Li, L; Wang, H; Yin, X; Ying, J; Zhang, H, 2015)		0.98
" The prospective clinical study reporting the clinical efficacy and safety of lentinan injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC were reviewed and included in this meta-analysis."( A meta-analysis of lentinan injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Li, L; Wang, H; Yin, X; Ying, J; Zhang, H, 2015)		0.97
"Twelve clinical studies of lentinan injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC with 458 controls and 492 NSCLCs patients were finally included in this meta-analysis."( A meta-analysis of lentinan injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Li, L; Wang, H; Yin, X; Ying, J; Zhang, H, 2015)		1.04
" We herein investigated the immunostimulatory potency of a β-glucan, lentinan either alone or in combination with short dose of standard drug, miltefosine on Leishmania-infected J-774A."( Immunoprotective effect of lentinan in combination with miltefosine on Leishmania-infected J-774A.1 macrophages.
Ali, W; Gupta, S; Khattri, S; Natu, SM; Puri, SK; Shivahare, R; Singh, US, 2016)		0.97
"A growing number of studies suggest that lentinan combined with cisplatin thoracic injection for the treatment of lung cancer is an effective combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, which has a continuous and beneficial effect on eliminating clinical symptoms and improving cachexia in lung cancer patients."( Lentinan combined with cisplatin for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Jia, Y; Kong, X; Li, X; Liang, F; Liu, H; Pang, W; Wu, T; Yan, H; Zhao, C; Zhao, L, 2021)		2.33
"This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lentinan combined with cisplatin thoracic injection in the treatment of lung cancer."( Lentinan combined with cisplatin for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Jia, Y; Kong, X; Li, X; Liang, F; Liu, H; Pang, W; Wu, T; Yan, H; Zhao, C; Zhao, L, 2021)		2.31
" Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of lentinan combined with cisplatin chest injection on patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were identified."( Lentinan combined with cisplatin for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Jia, Y; Kong, X; Li, X; Liang, F; Liu, H; Pang, W; Wu, T; Yan, H; Zhao, C; Zhao, L, 2021)		2.33
" In terms of adverse reactions, mainly related to gastrointestinal reactions and bone marrow suppression, the incidence and degree of adverse reactions of lentinan combined with cisplatin thoracic injection group were lower than those of cisplatin thoracic injection group alone."( Lentinan combined with cisplatin for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Jia, Y; Kong, X; Li, X; Liang, F; Liu, H; Pang, W; Wu, T; Yan, H; Zhao, C; Zhao, L, 2021)		2.26
"The current evidence prompted that Lentinan combined with cisplatin in thoracic injection might benefit patients with NSCLC on a certain extent; this systematic review revealed some definite conclusions about the application of Lentinan combined with cisplatin in thoracic injection for NSCLC."( Lentinan combined with cisplatin for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Jia, Y; Kong, X; Li, X; Liang, F; Liu, H; Pang, W; Wu, T; Yan, H; Zhao, C; Zhao, L, 2021)		2.34
"Lentinan is a natural β-glucan with various bioactivities and is combined with chemotherapy drugs for cancer treatment."( Lentinan as a natural stabilizer with bioactivities for preparation of drug-drug nanosuspensions.
Gan, N; Li, H; Peng, X; Sun, Q; Suo, Z; Yuan, N; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y; Zhao, L, 2021)		3.51

Bioavailability

Lentinan (LNT) has excellent biocompatibility and notable antitumor activity. The results of cytotoxicity assay and pharmacokinetics study in rats showed that the regorafenib-lentinan nanosuspensions reduced the toxicity and enhanced the in vitro anticancer activity.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Polysaccharides can improve drug bioavailability and targeting."( Selenium-lentinan inhibits tumor progression by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Chen, S; Li, M; Li, WW; Liu, HJ; Liu, YR; Qin, Y; Sheng, PZ; Sun, B; Sun, T; Tian, YX; Wang, LM; Yang, C; Zhou, HG; Zhu, GH; Zong, SM, 2018)		0.9
" The results of cytotoxicity assay and pharmacokinetics study in rats showed that the regorafenib-lentinan nanosuspensions reduced the toxicity and enhanced the in vitro anticancer activity and oral bioavailability of regorafenib."( Lentinan as a natural stabilizer with bioactivities for preparation of drug-drug nanosuspensions.
Gan, N; Li, H; Peng, X; Sun, Q; Suo, Z; Yuan, N; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y; Zhao, L, 2021)		2.28
" Lentinan (LNT) has excellent biocompatibility and notable antitumor activity but rather low bioavailability after intravenous or oral administration."( Local delivery of biocompatible lentinan/chitosan composite for prolonged inhibition of postoperative breast cancer recurrence.
Chen, X; Cui, Z; Gu, S; Huang, X; Liu, X; Mei, H; Nie, G; Teng, W; Wang, K; Xu, J; Zhang, Y, 2022)		1.92
" Furthermore, it served as a facile and generalizable cancer immunotherapy strategy for augmenting LNT bioavailability while enhancing the efficacy of anti-programmed death-ligand 1 therapy against the 'cold' 4T1 tumor model."( Lentinan-laden microspheres reprogram the tumor microenvironment and improve anti-PD-L1 efficacy.
Gao, XD; Wang, H; Yue, H, 2023)		2.35

Dosage Studied

Lentinan was injected at a dosage of 4 mg/week for 4 weeks. Patients in the control group were treated with the chemotherapeutic agent tegafur (1,000 mg/day for 5 days)

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"-administered beta(1 leads to 3) glucans exhibited a clear dose-response relationship and was strictly dependent on the injection schedule used."( beta(1 leads to 3) Glucan-mediated augmentation of alloreactive murine cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vivo.
Hamuro, J; Röllinghoff, M; Wagner, H, 1978)		0.26
" Lentinan was injected at a dosage of 4 mg/week for 4 weeks."( Immunological analysis and clinical effects of intraabdominal and intrapleural injection of lentinan for malignant ascites and pleural effusion.
Hazama, S; Oka, M; Shimoda, K; Suzuki, T; Yoshino, S, 1992)		1.41
" LNT was injected at a dosage of 4 mg/week for 4 weeks."( [Clinical effects and immunological analysis of intraabdominal and intrapleural injection of lentinan for malignant ascites and pleural effusion of gastric carcinoma].
Hazama, S; Hirazawa, K; Iizuka, N; Masaki, Y; Ogura, Y; Oka, M; Wadamori, K; Wang, F; Yamamoto, K; Yoshino, S, 1995)		0.51
" The higher dosage of LNT significantly suppressed TNF-induced daytime polydipsia and increased the amount of nighttime water intake, as well as the meal size of nighttime food intake."( Effects of lentinan on abnormal ingestive behaviors induced by tumor necrosis factor.
Kawanishi, C; Ono, T; Tamura, R; Tanebe, K; Torii, K, 1997)		0.69
" This paper discusses on the effective lentinan dosage and route of administration for suppression of CYP1As."( Lentinan from shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) suppresses expression of cytochrome P450 1A subfamily in the mouse liver.
Ashida, H; Fukuda, I; Hashimoto, T; Kanazawa, K; Kodoi, R; Mizuno, M; Nonaka, Y; Okamoto, T, 2004)		2.04
" Patients in the control group were treated with the chemotherapeutic agent tegafur (1,000 mg/day for 5 days); patients in the experimental group were treated with the same dosage of tegafur combined with 1 mg lentinan diluted in 250 ml normal saline."( Combination therapy with lentinan improves outcomes in patients with esophageal carcinoma.
Bi, Z; Gu, XM; Wang, JL; Zou, JW, 2012)		0.87
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (470)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990140 (29.79)18.7374
1990's88 (18.72)18.2507
2000's76 (16.17)29.6817
2010's103 (21.91)24.3611
2020's63 (13.40)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 28.63

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index28.63 (24.57)
Research Supply Index6.28 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.64 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index75.02 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index3.85 (0.95)

This Compound (28.63)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials36 (7.27%)5.53%
Reviews37 (7.47%)6.00%
Case Studies59 (11.92%)4.05%
Observational1 (0.20%)0.25%
Other362 (73.13%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Dose Escalation Safety Study of MM-10-001 [NCT00677027]Phase 150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-02-29Active, not recruiting
Phase I/II Study of the Tolerance and Efficacy of Combined Use of Didanosine (2',3'-Dideoxyinosine; ddI) and Lentinan in HIV-Positive Patients [NCT00002098]Phase 150 participants InterventionalCompleted
Phase II/III Study of the Tolerance and Efficacy of Combined Use of Didanosine (2',3'-Dideoxyinosine; ddI) and Lentinan in HIV-Positive Patients [NCT00002099]Phase 20 participants InterventionalActive, not recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
curdlan
D-hexose : A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.		7.6830hexose
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		2.8530alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.1710trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		3.2760sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
histamine
[no description available]		3.7521aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
melatonin
[no description available]		3.1310acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.0710monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		1.9710pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphorylcholine
Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.		2.1310phosphocholinesallergen;
epitope;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		1.9610monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		5.07101pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		1.9710isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
xanthine
7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.		1.9710xanthineSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		3.0850ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		1.9610pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.		7.2510ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.3110
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		13.47334nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		2.0310
gyki 52466
GYKI 52466: an AMPA (non-NMDA) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.1510benzodiazepine
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		7.1310phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		2.1510dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		1.9610cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		2.2510guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		2.0110carbazoles
oxonic acid
Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.		8.22341,3,5-triazines;
monocarboxylic acid
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		1.9610barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		6.9610barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		2.2110
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		1.9710naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
tegafur
[no description available]		10.34611organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.		3.0510aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		6.48252mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
thymidine
[no description available]		7.3820pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		1.9910nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		3.7621ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		3.4720amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine
[no description available]		1.9710cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytarabine
[no description available]		2.6530beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		1.981020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
sym-trinitrobenzene
Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.		1.9510trinitrobenzeneexplosive
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.1310anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		1.9810dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		2.2510calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		2.4110hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
hematoxylin
Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.		2.0110organic heterotetracyclic compound;
oxacycle;
polyphenol;
tertiary alcohol		histological dye;
plant metabolite
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.7530dialdehydebiomarker
eosine yellowish-(ys)
Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.		2.0110organic sodium salt;
organobromine compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		3.6420pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.6930alkali metal hydroxide
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		2.6830enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
alpha-terpineol
terpineol : A family of monoterpenols that have a p-menthane skeleton containing one double bond and bearing a single hydroxy substituent.		7.4110terpineolplant metabolite
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		1.9710dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		1.9910organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		2.3110fluorescein isothiocyanate
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		3.1310D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine
Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine: A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine.. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that has butyl and 4-hydroxybutyl substituents. In mice, it causes high-grade, invasive cancers in the urinary bladder, but not in any other tissues.		1.9910nitrosamine;
primary alcohol		carcinogenic agent
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		2.1110metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		7.3110elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		2.1110iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		2.610copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		2.1710manganese group element atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		2.7430titanium group element atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		2.1110copper group element atom;
elemental gold
uranium
Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.		2.3110actinoid atom;
f-block element atom;
monoatomic uranium
acetylglucosamine
Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		2.0610N-acetyl-D-glucosamineepitope
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0510delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
chlorosulfonic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
sizofiran
Sizofiran: A beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach.		5.7990
sodium selenite
disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.		2.1110inorganic sodium salt;
selenite salt		nutraceutical
rhamnose
[no description available]		3.1310L-rhamnose
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		9.95706-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		1.9610acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
azoxymethane
Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.		2.2110
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		2.3720azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		3.3260taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		1.9910beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine
T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor		2.3110
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		1.9810aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		3.6420organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		2.1510hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ursolic acid
[no description available]		2.4110hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		geroprotector;
plant metabolite
tyloxapol
tyloxapol: non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8. tyloxapol : A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions.		1.9610
ubenimex
ubenimex: growth inhibitor		3.4720
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		2.1110aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
zwittergent 3-12
zwittergent 3-12: zwitterionic detergent. lauryl sulfobetaine : An ammonium betaine in which the ammonium nitrogen is substituted by dodecyl, 3-sulfatopropyl and two methyl groups.		2.0810ammonium betainedetergent
zwittergent 3-14
[no description available]		2.0810organosulfonic acid
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		2.0710iditolfungal metabolite
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		2.3110cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
uftoral
UFT(R) drug: a drug containing tegafur and uracil; a biochemical modulator of 5-fluorouracil; used for postoperative chemotherapy of colon cancer; reported to cause severe liver injury; do not confuse with 1-UFT protocol		2.4120
prolinedithiocarbamate
prolinedithiocarbamate: do not confuse with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate which is also abbreviated PDTC		2.0310
antibiotic g 418
antibiotic G 418: from Micromonospora rhodorangea		2.0310
5-((4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)fluorescein
5-((4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)fluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3110
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		2.3820amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.0810secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		2.7530oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
singlet oxygen
Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.		2.2510chalcogen;
monoatomic oxygen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
sb 203580
[no description available]		2.1310imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.0710inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
bradykinin
[no description available]		6.9810oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
epiglucan
epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.		7.86181
laminaran
beta-1,3-glucan: component of fungal cell walls; also used as antitumor polysaccharide; unspecified D usually means BETA-GLUCANS; beta-1,3-D-glucan is also available; glucan phosphate is also available; biosynthesis is inhibited by echinocandins (cyclic hexapeptides). laminarin : A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini.		4.7250
fructans
(2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.		1.9610
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		3.0710macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
aclarubicin
Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.		1.9710aminoglycoside;
anthracycline;
methyl ester;
phenols;
polyketide;
tetracenequinones;
trisaccharide derivative;
zwitterion		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
laminaran
laminaran: beta-1,3-glucan		2.2110
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		1.9610actinomycinmutagen
glycosides
[no description available]		2.0110
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		2.4820isomethyleugenol
picibanil
Picibanil: A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity.		9.38274penicillinate anion
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		2.3110aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
tamoxifen
[no description available]		9.2941stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)		2.0710
thymocartin
[no description available]		1.9710
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		2.9830
quercetin
[no description available]		2.31107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		1.9710biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.4320prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		2.0510D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		3.3811disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.31107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		3.0710antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
cesium
Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.		2.3110alkali metal atom
strontium
Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.		2.3110alkaline earth metal atom
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		7.4110metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		1.9710chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.4110cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		3.0640chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		3.0710dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
regorafenib
[no description available]		2.3110(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
pirarubicin
[no description available]		2.1310anthracycline
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		1.9910
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		2.3820
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.1510
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		2.0310
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		2.1510chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
chitosan
[no description available]		2.8930
mannans
[no description available]		2.3720
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.7930
ningnanmycin
ningnanmycin: isolated from Strepcomces noursei		7.4110
mme
[no description available]		2.0310
endrin
Endrin: An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). endrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of isodrin. It is the endo, endo stereoisomer of dieldrin. It is an insecticide mainly used on field crops such as cotton and grains and has also been used as a rodenticide to control mice and voles. The product is banned in many countries since it is a persistent organic pollutant.		2.0310
calcipotriene
calcipotriene: a topical dermatologic for the treatment of moderate plaque psoriasis; structure in first source. calcipotriol hydrate : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of calcipotriol. It is used in combination with betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.		2.0510hydrateantipsoriatic
s 1 (combination)
S 1 (combination): consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyuridine & potassium oxonate; an inhibitor of fluorouracil(5-FU) degradation; prolongs the blood 5-FU level as well as increases selective toxicity to tumor; used for the treatment of colon cancer		8.2234
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		1.9910
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		3.0710
cytochalasin d
Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.		2.0810
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		1.9610
cord factors
Cord Factors: Toxic glycolipids composed of trehalose dimycolate derivatives. They are produced by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and other species of MYCOBACTERIUM. They induce cellular dysfunction in animals.		3.0710
scleroglucan
[no description available]		210oligosaccharide
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		2.04102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		2.05105-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		2.01103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		1.9710inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		2.0510folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
pheophytin a
pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S*,11S*),4beta,21beta))-isomer		2.1510
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		1.9610cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		9.2911purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		1.9710nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
inosine pranobex
Inosine Pranobex: An alkylamino-alcohol complex of inosine used in the treatment of a variety of viral infections. Unlike other antiviral agents, it acts by modifying or stimulating cell-mediated immune processes rather than acting on the virus directly.		3.7630
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		2.4120
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		05.5692
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		07.38242
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		05.5692
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		07.38242
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		04.5170
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		07.58231
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		04.5170
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		07.58231
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.930
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		04.09140
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		02.930
Recrudescence
[description not available]		05.4251
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		06.1894
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		06.1894
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		02.4110
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		02.4110
Hives
[description not available]		02.4110
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		05.65160
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		02.4110
Grippe
[description not available]		02.4110
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		010.65345
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae
[description not available]		02.4420
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.		02.4110
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		010.65345
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.		02.4420
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		04.2941
Fish Diseases
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).		02.4110
Infections, Rhabdoviridae
[description not available]		02.4110
Infections, Nematomorpha
[description not available]		02.4110
Human Trichinellosis
[description not available]		02.7220
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.		02.4110
Helminthiasis
Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.		02.4110
Trichinellosis
An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.		02.7220
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		02.610
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		07.610
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		010.8481
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		05.8481
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		04.0290
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		07.8830
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.5120
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		02.610
Prediabetes
[description not available]		02.610
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		02.610
Prediabetic State
The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.610
Peripheral Nerve Injury
[description not available]		02.610
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.		02.610
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		02.610
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies
Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.		02.610
Disease Resistance
The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.		02.5320
Pleural Effusion, Malignant
Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.		03.1350
Allergy, Food
[description not available]		04.6390
Food Hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.		04.6390
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.2510
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		02.2510
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		02.2510
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		02.2510
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.71112
Diathesis
[description not available]		02.3110
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		02.3110
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		02.3110
Glycosuria
The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).		02.3110
Itching
[description not available]		03.2250
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		03.2250
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		04.2730
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		04.2730
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		06.64112
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		06.64112
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		03.6730
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		08.51243
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.1710
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		02.1710
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		02.1710
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.9240
Metastase
[description not available]		05.6771
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		05.6771
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		02.2110
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		02.2110
Rotavirus Infections
Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.		02.2110
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		02.2110
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.5520
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		02.2110
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.5520
Skin Aging
The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.		02.2510
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.76110
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		011.618012
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		011.618012
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.9340
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		04.02140
Mushroom Poisoning
Poisoning from ingestion of mushrooms, primarily from, but not restricted to, toxic varieties.		04.1150
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		03.6630
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		03.6630
Petechiae
Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.		02.1110
Purpura
Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is		02.1110
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		03.5890
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		02.1310
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		02.1310
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		02.4120
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		02.1310
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		02.4120
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		03.0410
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		03.0410
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		02.1510
Hepatitis, Viral, Animal
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.		02.0410
Infections, Hepadnaviridae
[description not available]		02.0410
Hepadnaviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the HEPADNAVIRIDAE.		02.0410
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0410
Newcastle Disease
An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by an AVULAVIRUS called NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis.		02.0510
Parasitemia
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0510
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.0510
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		07.0510
Allergic Conjunctivitis
[description not available]		04.3511
Conjunctivitis, Allergic
Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.		04.3511
Cancer of Digestive System
[description not available]		02.0510
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		03.2360
Digestive System Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.		02.0510
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		03.2360
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		02.0510
Facial Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the FACE.		02.0510
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		05.72201
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		05.72201
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		02.420
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		02.420
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		02.4120
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.0510
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4120
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.0510
Splenic Diseases
Diseases involving the SPLEEN.		02.0510
Hydrothorax
A collection of watery fluid in the pleural cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)		08.4511
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		0531
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type
[description not available]		02.0710
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.0710
Dermatomyositis
A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)		02.0710
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		02.0710
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		08.2260
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		04.0931
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		04.8442
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		04.0931
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		04.8442
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.9240
Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell
A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic droplet of mucus. It usually arises in the gastrointestinal system.		02.9240
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.0110
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		02.0110
Krukenberg Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0110
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		03.6130
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0110
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		03.6130
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		03.3570
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		05.993
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		02.6630
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		07.6630
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		04.6261
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		04.6261
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		02.6930
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.4880
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		02.6930
Sarcoma 180
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		04.82130
Infections, Listeria
[description not available]		02.4120
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		08.4780
Cholangioma
[description not available]		01.9610
Adenoma, Bile Duct
A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts.		01.9610
Bleeding
[description not available]		03.2260
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		08.2260
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		02.8740
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		02.3620
Infection
[description not available]		010.7531
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		05.5232
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		010.7531
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		05.5232
Marasmus
[description not available]		01.9610
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.		01.9610
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		01.9610
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9610
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		01.9610
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		03.2160
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.3620
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		02.8740
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		02.3620
Skin Manifestations
Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.		01.9610
Furrow Keratitis
[description not available]		01.9510
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		02.6830
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		02.6830
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		05.5432
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		05.5432
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		01.9810
Cardiac Cancer
[description not available]		01.9810
Neoplasms, Pleural
[description not available]		01.9810
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		01.9810
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.6730
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.6730
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		03.3711
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		03.3711
Carcinoma, Colloid
[description not available]		02.3820
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous
An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3820
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.8940
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		02.8940
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		01.9810
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		01.9810
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		01.9810
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.		01.9810
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		01.9810
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).		01.9810
Acute-Phase Reaction
An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.		02.3920
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		02.8940
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		04.0631
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		07.8940
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		01.9910
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		04.0631
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		01.9910
Pyloric Stenosis
Narrowing of the pyloric canal with varied etiology. A common form is due to muscle hypertrophy (PYLORIC STENOSIS, HYPERTROPHIC) seen in infants.		0710
Chronic Hepatitis B
[description not available]		08.3811
Hepatitis B, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		03.3811
Genital Warts
[description not available]		03.3811
Condylomata Acuminata
Sexually transmitted form of anogenital warty growth caused by the human papillomaviruses.		03.3811
Granulomas
[description not available]		01.9510
Bilharziasis
[description not available]		01.9510
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		06.9510
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.		01.9510
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		01.9510
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		03.320
Candida Infection
[description not available]		02.8910
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		02.8910
Schistosoma mansoni Infection
[description not available]		02.8910
Fibroma, Shope
[description not available]		02.8910
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		03.320
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.8910
Schistosomiasis mansoni
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.		02.8910
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		02.8910
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		04.6821
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		04.6821
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		06.9810
Pleural Effusion
Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.		07.3820
Toxemia
A condition produced by the presence of toxins or other harmful substances in the BLOOD.		01.9710
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		01.9710
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		01.9710
Pleurisy
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.		02.3820
Lassitude
[description not available]		01.9710
Pyrexia
[description not available]		01.9710
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9710
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		01.9710
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		01.9710
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		01.9710
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		01.9710
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		01.9710
Autosomal Hemophilia A
[description not available]		01.9710
Hemophilia A
The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.		01.9710
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		07.6630
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
[description not available]		01.9710
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.		01.9710
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		01.9710
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		01.9710
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary
An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9710
Bertielliasis
[description not available]		01.9710
Infectious Diseases
[description not available]		01.9710
Infections, Klebsiella
[description not available]		01.9710
Communicable Diseases
An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.		01.9710
Klebsiella Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.		01.9710
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		01.9710
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		01.9710
Nutritional Disorders
[description not available]		03.3511
Nutrition Disorders
Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.		03.3511
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		01.9710
Thyroid Diseases
Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.		01.9710
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		01.9610
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		01.9610
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		06.9610
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		01.9610
Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous
Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy.		01.9610