Compounds > betulonic acid
Page last updated: 2024-12-07

betulonic acid

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

betulonic acid: isolated from Rush javanica; strucure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID122844
CHEMBL ID431525
CHEBI ID149955
SCHEMBL ID210119
MeSH IDM0303267

Synonyms (46)

Synonym
betulonic acid
nsc-152534
4481-62-3
3-deoxy-3-oxo-betulinic acid
(1r,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,11ar,11br,13ar,13br)-1-isopropenyl-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-9-oxo-eicosahydro-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid
(1r,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,11ar,11br,13ar,13br)-1-isopropenyl-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-9-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid
bdbm50240499
(1r,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,11ar,11br,13ar,13br)-1-isopropenyl-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-9-oxo-icosahydro-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid
(1r,3as,5ar,5br,11ar)-1-isopropenyl-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-9-oxo-icosahydro-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid
betunolic acid
CHEMBL431525 ,
(1r,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,11ar,11br,13ar,13br)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-9-oxo-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid
3-oxolup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid
CHEBI:149955
5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-9-oxo-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid
(1r,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,11ar,11br,13ar,13br)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-(1-methylethenyl)-9-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid
(1r,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,11ar,11br,13ar,13br)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-9-oxidanylidene-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid
A827509
S3900
unii-7c1uv6itf5
lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, 3-oxo-
7c1uv6itf5 ,
nsc 152534
AKOS015896781
SCHEMBL210119
(1r,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,11ar,11br,13ar,13br)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-9-oxo-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)icosahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid
SLJTWDNVZKIDAU-SVAFSPIFSA-N
(1r,3as,5ar,5br,7ar,11ar,11br,13 ar,13br)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-9-oxo-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)icosahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid
Q-100485
liquidambaric acid
HY-N1451
CS-5794
mfcd08459607
(+)-betulonic acid
betulonicacid
3-oxo-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid
liquidambronic acid
lup-20(30)-en-28-oic acid, 3-oxo-
3-oxobetulinic acid
betulonic acid, (+)-
mj-347-rs
CCG-269283
betunolic acid;liquidambaric acid;(+)-betulonic acid
AS-56460
AC-33968
B6085

Research Excerpts

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"1 ml/kg CCl4 in combination with 5% ethanol with glucose 3 times a week for 6 weeks."( Hepatoprotective properties of betulonic acid amide and heptral in toxic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in combination with ethanol.
Baiev, DS; Biryukova, MS; Ivanova, EP; Nepomnyashchikh, GI; Semenov, DE; Sorokina, IV; Tolstikova, TG; Zhukova, NA, 2015)		0.7

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" These studies, for the first time, demonstrate that a non-toxic hydrophilic lysinated derivative of betulonic acid and its solubility in a biocompatible aqueous medium has enhanced the bioavailability of the drug and has thus unleashed its full anti-prostate cancer activity."( Boc-lysinated-betulonic acid: a potent, anti-prostate cancer agent.
Bomshteyn, A; Hao, M; Katdare, M; Kisilis, E; Oktem, O; Rathnam, P; Saxena, BB; Zhu, L, 2006)		0.91
"The side effects and low bioavailability of paclitaxel (PTX) limit its clinical application."( Paclitaxel and betulonic acid synergistically enhance antitumor efficacy by forming co-assembled nanoparticles.
Qiao, W; Wang, J; Yang, X; Zhao, H, 2020)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
anticoronaviral agentAny antiviral agent which inhibits the activity of coronaviruses.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
triterpenoidAny terpenoid derived from a triterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C30 skeleton of the parent triterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Botulinum neurotoxin type A Clostridium botulinumIC50 (µMol)100.00000.50003.16927.2000AID590854
5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)43.26000.05002.24118.2000AID1889898
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)4.71000.02372.52598.9000AID444761
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (17)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
DNA metabolic process5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
leukocyte cell-cell adhesion5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to ATP5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
ADP catabolic process5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
ATP metabolic process5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
adenosine biosynthetic process5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion homeostasis5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
inhibition of non-skeletal tissue mineralization5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
AMP catabolic process5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface bile acid receptor signaling pathwayG-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeG-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to bile acidG-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholangiocyte proliferationG-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bicellular tight junction assemblyG-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayG-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (13)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
protein transmembrane transporter activityBotulinum neurotoxin type A Clostridium botulinum
nucleotide binding5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
5'-deoxynucleotidase activity5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
5'-nucleotidase activity5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
thymidylate 5'-phosphatase activity5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
IMP 5'-nucleotidase activity5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
GMP 5'-nucleotidase activity5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
XMP 5'-nucleosidase activity5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingG-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid receptor activityG-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled bile acid receptor activityG-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (9)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membrane5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosol5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
membrane5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmG-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneG-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complexG-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneG-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (181)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1743472Cytotoxicity against human A-375 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 207Betulinic acid derived amides are highly cytotoxic, apoptotic and selective.
AID1504269Cytotoxic activity in human Hep2 cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID1504290Antiproliferative activity in human DU145 cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID283808Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoid pyrazines and benzopyrazines with cytotoxic activity.
AID1265353Cytotoxicity against human 518A2 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 106Betulinic acid derived hydroxamates and betulin derived carbamates are interesting scaffolds for the synthesis of novel cytotoxic compounds.
AID283779Cytotoxicity against human COLON205 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoids from the floral spikes of Betula platyphylla var. japonica and their reversing activity against multidrug-resistant cancer cells.
AID357960Cytotoxicity against human H9 cells2001Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 64, Issue:10
Anti-AIDS agents. 48.(1) Anti-HIV activity of moronic acid derivatives and the new melliferone-related triterpenoid isolated from Brazilian propolis.
AID1370898Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID1504289Antiproliferative activity in human MDA-MB-231 cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID1504293Antiproliferative activity in African green monkey Vero cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID283773Cytotoxicity against human colchicine-resistant KBC2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoids from the floral spikes of Betula platyphylla var. japonica and their reversing activity against multidrug-resistant cancer cells.
AID1485420Growth inhibition of human MCF7 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay relative to control2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID1485422Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by SRB assay2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID1485423Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by SRB assay2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID246984Cytotoxic activity against human MOLT-4 cell line was measured after 72 hr using MTT assay2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-02, Volume: 14, Issue:15
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 3-O-acyl/3-hydrazine /2-bromo/20,29-dibromo betulinic acid derivatives.
AID357961Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human H9 cells assessed as inhibition of viral p24 antigen levels after 4 days by ELISA2001Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 64, Issue:10
Anti-AIDS agents. 48.(1) Anti-HIV activity of moronic acid derivatives and the new melliferone-related triterpenoid isolated from Brazilian propolis.
AID297147Inhibition of SARS virus-induced cytopathogenicity in Vero E6 cells at 3.3 uM2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17
Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID1165153Antiparasitic activity against Leishmania braziliensis assessed as inhibition of growth after 72 hrs at 10 uM2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 22, Issue:21
Betulin derivatives impair Leishmania braziliensis viability and host-parasite interaction.
AID538214Antiaggregatory activity in human platelets assessed as inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation by aggregometry2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24
Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID398517Cytotoxicity against human HOG.R5 cells2003Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 66, Issue:2
Natural anti-HIV agents. Part IV. Anti-HIV constituents from Vatica cinerea.
AID1485428Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human FR2 cells to IC50 for human A549 cells2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID1519312Cytotoxicity against p53 knockout human HCT116 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Synthesis and biological evaluation of triterpenoid thiazoles derived from betulonic acid, dihydrobetulonic acid, and ursonic acid.
AID297149Antiviral activity against SARS coronavirus in Vero E6 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication by ELISA2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17
Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID1743476Cytotoxicity against human FaDu cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 207Betulinic acid derived amides are highly cytotoxic, apoptotic and selective.
AID1743475Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 207Betulinic acid derived amides are highly cytotoxic, apoptotic and selective.
AID1265357Cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 106Betulinic acid derived hydroxamates and betulin derived carbamates are interesting scaffolds for the synthesis of novel cytotoxic compounds.
AID1238529Antiviral activity against HSV-1 7401H infected in African green monkey RC-37 cells after 2 to 3 days by plaque reduction assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 25, Issue:16
Ionic derivatives of betulinic acid exhibit antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2), but not HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID1485431Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human FR2 cells to IC50 for human MCF7 cells2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID1296094Antiinflammatory activity in mouse J774 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production measured as remaining nitric oxide levels at 10 uM by Griess assay2016Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2
Betulin Derivatives Effectively Suppress Inflammation in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID468096Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells assessed as cell viability at 500 uM after 24 hrs2009Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 72, Issue:11
Betulin-derived compounds as inhibitors of alphavirus replication.
AID402984Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2004Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7
Synthesis of A-seco derivatives of betulinic acid with cytotoxic activity.
AID1485427Cytotoxicity against human FR2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by SRB assay2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID1265354Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 106Betulinic acid derived hydroxamates and betulin derived carbamates are interesting scaffolds for the synthesis of novel cytotoxic compounds.
AID1202240Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 96Synthesis and biological evaluation of betulonic acid derivatives as antitumor agents.
AID1485418Growth inhibition of human PC3 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay relative to control2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID664934Cytotoxicity against human CCRF-CEM cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 20, Issue:11
Cytotoxic heterocyclic triterpenoids derived from betulin and betulinic acid.
AID1370896Antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 infected in human erythrocytes
AID1485421Growth inhibition of human MIAPaCa2 at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay relative to control2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID283774Cytotoxicity against human colchicine-resistant KBC2 cells in presence of 2.5 uM colchicine after 48 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoids from the floral spikes of Betula platyphylla var. japonica and their reversing activity against multidrug-resistant cancer cells.
AID494356Cytotoxicity against human A253 cells after 96 hrs by SRB colorimetric assay2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 45, Issue:8
Small structural changes of pentacyclic lupane type triterpenoid derivatives lead to significant differences in their anticancer properties.
AID283777Cytotoxicity against human doxorubicin-resistant K562/Adr cells in presence of 1 uM doxorubicin after 48 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoids from the floral spikes of Betula platyphylla var. japonica and their reversing activity against multidrug-resistant cancer cells.
AID538221Antiinflammatory activity in human Neutrophil assessed as inhibition of elastase release at 10 ug/ml2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24
Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID1296095Antiinflammatory activity in mouse J774 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced iNOS expression measured as remaining protein levels at 10 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis2016Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2
Betulin Derivatives Effectively Suppress Inflammation in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID538220Antiinflammatory activity in human Neutrophil assessed as inhibition of superoxide anion release at 10 ug/ml2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24
Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID398516Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human HOG.R5 assessed as inhibition of viral replication by microtiter assay2003Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 66, Issue:2
Natural anti-HIV agents. Part IV. Anti-HIV constituents from Vatica cinerea.
AID470670Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 3 days by XTT assay2009Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 72, Issue:9
Rational design and semisynthesis of betulinic acid analogues as potent topoisomerase inhibitors.
AID1504288Antiproliferative activity in human MCF7 cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID297145Inhibition of SARS coronavirus-induced cytopathogenicity in Vero E6 cells at 20 uM2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17
Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID444763Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-14, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationship study of betulinic acid, a novel and selective TGR5 agonist, and its synthetic derivatives: potential impact in diabetes.
AID402985Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2004Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7
Synthesis of A-seco derivatives of betulinic acid with cytotoxic activity.
AID1750789Antiviral activity against Human coronavirus 229E infected in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 5 days by microscopy2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9
Betulonic Acid Derivatives Interfering with Human Coronavirus 229E Replication via the nsp15 Endoribonuclease.
AID246979Cytotoxic activity against human DU145 cell line was measured after 72 hr using MTT assay2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-02, Volume: 14, Issue:15
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 3-O-acyl/3-hydrazine /2-bromo/20,29-dibromo betulinic acid derivatives.
AID1485417Growth inhibition of human A549 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay relative to control2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID402979Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2004Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7
Synthesis of A-seco derivatives of betulinic acid with cytotoxic activity.
AID283772Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoids from the floral spikes of Betula platyphylla var. japonica and their reversing activity against multidrug-resistant cancer cells.
AID297151Selectivity index, Ratio of CC50 for Vero E6 cells to EC50 for SARS coronavirus2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17
Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID538211Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by MTT assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24
Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID1504287Antiproliferative activity in human SiHa cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID538209Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells by MTT assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24
Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID1485430Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human FR2 cells to IC50 for human HCT116 cells2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID1504264Cytotoxic activity in human SiHa cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID1743477Cytotoxicity against mouse NIH3T3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 207Betulinic acid derived amides are highly cytotoxic, apoptotic and selective.
AID283807Cytotoxicity against human Pgp-positive multidrug-resistant K562-tax cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoid pyrazines and benzopyrazines with cytotoxic activity.
AID1504291Antiproliferative activity in human KB cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID494361Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 96 hrs by SRB colorimetric assay2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 45, Issue:8
Small structural changes of pentacyclic lupane type triterpenoid derivatives lead to significant differences in their anticancer properties.
AID402982Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2004Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7
Synthesis of A-seco derivatives of betulinic acid with cytotoxic activity.
AID468095Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells assessed as cell viability at 50 uM after 24 hrs2009Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 72, Issue:11
Betulin-derived compounds as inhibitors of alphavirus replication.
AID283776Cytotoxicity against human doxorubicin-resistant K562/Adr cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoids from the floral spikes of Betula platyphylla var. japonica and their reversing activity against multidrug-resistant cancer cells.
AID1370897Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID246970Cytotoxic activity against human A549 cell line was measured after 72 hr using MTT assay2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-02, Volume: 14, Issue:15
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 3-O-acyl/3-hydrazine /2-bromo/20,29-dibromo betulinic acid derivatives.
AID494359Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 96 hrs by SRB colorimetric assay2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 45, Issue:8
Small structural changes of pentacyclic lupane type triterpenoid derivatives lead to significant differences in their anticancer properties.
AID229586Ratio of maximum nontoxic concentration (MNTC) against HSV-1 to that of effective concentration (EC50)2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-20, Volume: 13, Issue:20
Lupane triterpenes and derivatives with antiviral activity.
AID1519310Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Synthesis and biological evaluation of triterpenoid thiazoles derived from betulonic acid, dihydrobetulonic acid, and ursonic acid.
AID1317963Cytotoxicity against human CCRF-CEM cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-04, Volume: 121Lupane and 18α-oleanane derivatives substituted in the position 2, their cytotoxicity and influence on cancer cells.
AID1504266Cytotoxic activity in human MDA-MB-231 cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID494360Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 96 hrs by SRB colorimetric assay2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 45, Issue:8
Small structural changes of pentacyclic lupane type triterpenoid derivatives lead to significant differences in their anticancer properties.
AID538208Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells by MTT assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24
Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID246972Cytotoxic activity against human PA-1 cell line was measured after 72 hr using MTT assay2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-02, Volume: 14, Issue:15
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 3-O-acyl/3-hydrazine /2-bromo/20,29-dibromo betulinic acid derivatives.
AID402986Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2004Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7
Synthesis of A-seco derivatives of betulinic acid with cytotoxic activity.
AID1485425Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by SRB assay2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID1296096Antiinflammatory activity against mouse J774 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 expression measured as remaining protein levels at 10 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis2016Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2
Betulin Derivatives Effectively Suppress Inflammation in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1265355Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 106Betulinic acid derived hydroxamates and betulin derived carbamates are interesting scaffolds for the synthesis of novel cytotoxic compounds.
AID470668Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 alpha catalytic activity assessed as decatenation of kinetoplast DNA at 100 uM after 15 mins by agarose gel electrophoresis2009Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 72, Issue:9
Rational design and semisynthesis of betulinic acid analogues as potent topoisomerase inhibitors.
AID1485432Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human FR2 cells to IC50 for human MIAPaCa2 cells2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID402978Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2004Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7
Synthesis of A-seco derivatives of betulinic acid with cytotoxic activity.
AID770955Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell viability after 96 hrs by SRB assay2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 68Preparation of betulinic acid derivatives by chemical and biotransformation methods and determination of cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines.
AID92316Antiviral activity against influenza A virus determined in chicken embryo cells (CEC) by plaque reduction assay method.2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-20, Volume: 13, Issue:20
Lupane triterpenes and derivatives with antiviral activity.
AID1743473Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 207Betulinic acid derived amides are highly cytotoxic, apoptotic and selective.
AID1265356Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 106Betulinic acid derived hydroxamates and betulin derived carbamates are interesting scaffolds for the synthesis of novel cytotoxic compounds.
AID770957Cytotoxicity against human 8505C cells assessed as cell viability after 96 hrs by SRB assay2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 68Preparation of betulinic acid derivatives by chemical and biotransformation methods and determination of cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines.
AID1202242Cytotoxicity against human A375 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 96Synthesis and biological evaluation of betulonic acid derivatives as antitumor agents.
AID1774074Cytotoxicity against mouse BV-2 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay2021Journal of natural products, 10-22, Volume: 84, Issue:10
Biotransformation of Betulonic Acid by the Fungus
AID1889898Inhibition of human CD73 assessed as reduction in inorganic phosphate release upon substrate hydrolysis using AMP/ATP as substrate incubated for 1 hr followed by substrate addition and measured after 2 hrs by malachite green reagent based colorimetric ass2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 04-01, Volume: 59Discovery and optimization of betulinic acid derivatives as novel potent CD73 inhibitors.
AID228879Endothelial cell specificity of compound was determined as cytotoxicity on human tumor cell line PA-1 to that of endothelial cell2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-03, Volume: 14, Issue:9
Betulinic acid and its derivatives as anti-angiogenic agents.
AID538212Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells by MTT assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24
Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID1519306Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Synthesis and biological evaluation of triterpenoid thiazoles derived from betulonic acid, dihydrobetulonic acid, and ursonic acid.
AID297148Inhibition of SARS virus-induced cytopathogenicity in Vero E6 cells at 1 uM2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17
Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID229587Ratio of maximum nontoxic concentration (MNTC) against Influenza virus A to that of effective concentration (EC50)2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-20, Volume: 13, Issue:20
Lupane triterpenes and derivatives with antiviral activity.
AID1504267Cytotoxic activity in human DU145 cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID283804Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoid pyrazines and benzopyrazines with cytotoxic activity.
AID283775Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoids from the floral spikes of Betula platyphylla var. japonica and their reversing activity against multidrug-resistant cancer cells.
AID494362Cytotoxicity against human SW1736 cells after 96 hrs by SRB colorimetric assay2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 45, Issue:8
Small structural changes of pentacyclic lupane type triterpenoid derivatives lead to significant differences in their anticancer properties.
AID297146Inhibition of SARS coronavirus-induced cytopathogenicity in Vero E6 cells at 10 uM2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17
Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID357962Therapeutic index, ratio of IC50 for human H9 cells to EC50 of HIV1 3B2001Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 64, Issue:10
Anti-AIDS agents. 48.(1) Anti-HIV activity of moronic acid derivatives and the new melliferone-related triterpenoid isolated from Brazilian propolis.
AID1485426Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by SRB assay2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID246989Cytotoxic activity against human CEM.CM3 cell line was measured after 72 hr using MTT assay2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-02, Volume: 14, Issue:15
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 3-O-acyl/3-hydrazine /2-bromo/20,29-dibromo betulinic acid derivatives.
AID297152Inhibition of SARS coronavirus 3CL protease2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17
Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID228878Endothelial cell specificity of compound was determined as cytotoxicity on human tumor cell line L132 to that of endothelial cell2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-03, Volume: 14, Issue:9
Betulinic acid and its derivatives as anti-angiogenic agents.
AID1519307Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Synthesis and biological evaluation of triterpenoid thiazoles derived from betulonic acid, dihydrobetulonic acid, and ursonic acid.
AID494357Cytotoxicity against human A431 cells after 96 hrs by SRB colorimetric assay2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 45, Issue:8
Small structural changes of pentacyclic lupane type triterpenoid derivatives lead to significant differences in their anticancer properties.
AID1227826Anti-neuroinflammatory activity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Natural therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases from a traditional herbal medicine Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre.
AID468092Antiviral activity against SFV infected in BHK cells assessed as surviving virus fraction at 50 uM after 14 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2009Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 72, Issue:11
Betulin-derived compounds as inhibitors of alphavirus replication.
AID468093Antiviral activity against SFV infected in BHK cells after 14 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2009Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 72, Issue:11
Betulin-derived compounds as inhibitors of alphavirus replication.
AID246973Cytotoxic activity against human U937 cell line was measured after 72 hr using MTT assay2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-02, Volume: 14, Issue:15
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 3-O-acyl/3-hydrazine /2-bromo/20,29-dibromo betulinic acid derivatives.
AID1750790Cytotoxicity against mock-infected human embryonic lung fibroblast cells incubated for 5 days by MTS assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9
Betulonic Acid Derivatives Interfering with Human Coronavirus 229E Replication via the nsp15 Endoribonuclease.
AID470667Inhibition of topoisomerase 1 catalytic activity assessed as relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA at 100 uM after 30 mins by agarose gel electrophoresis2009Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 72, Issue:9
Rational design and semisynthesis of betulinic acid analogues as potent topoisomerase inhibitors.
AID770958Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells assessed as cell viability after 96 hrs by SRB assay2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 68Preparation of betulinic acid derivatives by chemical and biotransformation methods and determination of cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines.
AID538213Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by MTT assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24
Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID665419Solubility of the compound in water2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 53Alkylidene branched lupane derivatives: synthesis and antitumor activity.
AID1485424Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by SRB assay2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID1743474Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 207Betulinic acid derived amides are highly cytotoxic, apoptotic and selective.
AID1238539Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for African green monkey Vero cells to IC50 for HSV-1 7401H2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 25, Issue:16
Ionic derivatives of betulinic acid exhibit antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2), but not HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID1202239Cytotoxicity against human MGC803 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 96Synthesis and biological evaluation of betulonic acid derivatives as antitumor agents.
AID1296097Antiinflammatory activity against mouse J774 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 production measured as remaining IL-6 levels at 10 uM after 24 hrs by ELISA2016Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2
Betulin Derivatives Effectively Suppress Inflammation in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1370899Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human HepG2 cells to IC50 for chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2
AID1519309Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Synthesis and biological evaluation of triterpenoid thiazoles derived from betulonic acid, dihydrobetulonic acid, and ursonic acid.
AID470671Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 3 days by MTT assay2009Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 72, Issue:9
Rational design and semisynthesis of betulinic acid analogues as potent topoisomerase inhibitors.
AID228876Endothelial cell specificity of compound was determined as cytotoxicity on human tumor cell line A549 to that of endothelial cell2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-03, Volume: 14, Issue:9
Betulinic acid and its derivatives as anti-angiogenic agents.
AID283809Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoid pyrazines and benzopyrazines with cytotoxic activity.
AID770956Cytotoxicity against human 518A2 cells assessed as cell viability after 96 hrs by SRB assay2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 68Preparation of betulinic acid derivatives by chemical and biotransformation methods and determination of cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines.
AID1519314Cytotoxicity against human CCRF-CEM cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Synthesis and biological evaluation of triterpenoid thiazoles derived from betulonic acid, dihydrobetulonic acid, and ursonic acid.
AID402980Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2004Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7
Synthesis of A-seco derivatives of betulinic acid with cytotoxic activity.
AID494358Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 96 hrs by SRB colorimetric assay2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 45, Issue:8
Small structural changes of pentacyclic lupane type triterpenoid derivatives lead to significant differences in their anticancer properties.
AID1504268Cytotoxic activity in human KB cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID402983Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2004Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7
Synthesis of A-seco derivatives of betulinic acid with cytotoxic activity.
AID378627Cytotoxicity against human Mel2 cells2000Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 63, Issue:12
Microbial transformations of the antimelanoma agent betulinic acid.
AID378626Cytotoxicity against human Mel1 cells2000Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 63, Issue:12
Microbial transformations of the antimelanoma agent betulinic acid.
AID1519313Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Synthesis and biological evaluation of triterpenoid thiazoles derived from betulonic acid, dihydrobetulonic acid, and ursonic acid.
AID283810Cytotoxicity against human U87-Mg cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoid pyrazines and benzopyrazines with cytotoxic activity.
AID444761Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-14, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationship study of betulinic acid, a novel and selective TGR5 agonist, and its synthetic derivatives: potential impact in diabetes.
AID283778Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoids from the floral spikes of Betula platyphylla var. japonica and their reversing activity against multidrug-resistant cancer cells.
AID1227827Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as reduction of cell viability at IC50 after 24 hrs by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Natural therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases from a traditional herbal medicine Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre.
AID283806Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoid pyrazines and benzopyrazines with cytotoxic activity.
AID1504286Antiproliferative activity in human HeLa cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID1238546Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as cell viability after 2 days by trypan blue exclusion assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 25, Issue:16
Ionic derivatives of betulinic acid exhibit antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2), but not HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID1485429Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human FR2 cells to IC50 for human PC3 cells2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID1504271Cytotoxic activity in HEK293 cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID283803Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoid pyrazines and benzopyrazines with cytotoxic activity.
AID1202241Cytotoxicity against human Bcap37 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 96Synthesis and biological evaluation of betulonic acid derivatives as antitumor agents.
AID1202243Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, , Volume: 96Synthesis and biological evaluation of betulonic acid derivatives as antitumor agents.
AID538215Antiaggregatory activity in human platelets assessed as inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by aggregometry2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24
Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID1519308Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Synthesis and biological evaluation of triterpenoid thiazoles derived from betulonic acid, dihydrobetulonic acid, and ursonic acid.
AID95520Cytotoxicity against human epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth (KB) cell line.1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-07, Volume: 8, Issue:13
Synthesis of betulinic acid derivatives with activity against human melanoma.
AID228877Endothelial cell specificity of compound was determined as cytotoxicity on human tumor cell line DU145 to that of endothelial cell2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-03, Volume: 14, Issue:9
Betulinic acid and its derivatives as anti-angiogenic agents.
AID1504263Cytotoxic activity in human HeLa cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID246994Cytotoxic activity against human BRISTOL8 cell line was measured after 72 hr using MTT assay2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-02, Volume: 14, Issue:15
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 3-O-acyl/3-hydrazine /2-bromo/20,29-dibromo betulinic acid derivatives.
AID494355Cytotoxicity against human 518A2 cells after 96 hrs by SRB colorimetric assay2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 45, Issue:8
Small structural changes of pentacyclic lupane type triterpenoid derivatives lead to significant differences in their anticancer properties.
AID106299Cytotoxicity against cultured human melanoma (MEL-2) cell line.1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-07, Volume: 8, Issue:13
Synthesis of betulinic acid derivatives with activity against human melanoma.
AID538210Cytotoxicity against human Ca9-22 cells by MTT assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24
Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID470669Antiproliferative activity against human SW948 cells after 3 days by XTT assay2009Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 72, Issue:9
Rational design and semisynthesis of betulinic acid analogues as potent topoisomerase inhibitors.
AID402981Cytotoxicity against paclitaxel-resistant human K562 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2004Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7
Synthesis of A-seco derivatives of betulinic acid with cytotoxic activity.
AID85726Antiviral activity against HSV-1 determined by inhibition of viral cytopathic effect (CPE) in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-20, Volume: 13, Issue:20
Lupane triterpenes and derivatives with antiviral activity.
AID1519315Cytotoxicity against human CEM-DNR-bulk cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Synthesis and biological evaluation of triterpenoid thiazoles derived from betulonic acid, dihydrobetulonic acid, and ursonic acid.
AID590854Inhibition of Clostridium BoNT/A protease light chain2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 21, Issue:8
Synthesis and evaluation of library of betulin derivatives against the botulinum neurotoxin A protease.
AID1504265Cytotoxic activity in human MCF7 cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID297150Cytotoxicity against Vero E6 cells by MTT assay2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-23, Volume: 50, Issue:17
Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
AID1774073Anti-neuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV-2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production incubated for 48 hrs by Griess reagent based assay2021Journal of natural products, 10-22, Volume: 84, Issue:10
Biotransformation of Betulonic Acid by the Fungus
AID1504294Antiproliferative activity in HEK293 cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID283805Cytotoxicity against human HT29 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2007Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 70, Issue:4
Triterpenoid pyrazines and benzopyrazines with cytotoxic activity.
AID1750788Antiviral activity against Human coronavirus 229E infected in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 5 days by MTS cell viability assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9
Betulonic Acid Derivatives Interfering with Human Coronavirus 229E Replication via the nsp15 Endoribonuclease.
AID247001Cytotoxic activity against human JurkatE6.1 cell line was measured after 72 h using MTT assay2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-02, Volume: 14, Issue:15
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 3-O-acyl/3-hydrazine /2-bromo/20,29-dibromo betulinic acid derivatives.
AID1504292Antiproliferative activity in human Hep2 cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID444762Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay relative to litocholic acid2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-14, Volume: 53, Issue:1
Structure-activity relationship study of betulinic acid, a novel and selective TGR5 agonist, and its synthetic derivatives: potential impact in diabetes.
AID1296098Antiinflammatory activity against mouse J774 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced MCP-1 production measured as remaining MCP-1 levels at 10 uM after 24 hrs by ELISA2016Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2
Betulin Derivatives Effectively Suppress Inflammation in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID67264Cytotoxic activity against ECV304 (human endothelial) cell line.2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-21, Volume: 14, Issue:12
Synthesis of 3-O-acyl/3-benzylidene/3-hydrazone/3-hydrazine/17-carboxyacryloyl ester derivatives of betulinic acid as anti-angiogenic agents.
AID770953Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell viability after 96 hrs by SRB assay2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 68Preparation of betulinic acid derivatives by chemical and biotransformation methods and determination of cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines.
AID1504270Cytotoxic activity in African green monkey Vero cells by sulforhodamine B assay2017Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11
Lupane-Type Triterpenes of Phoradendron vernicosum.
AID1519311Cytotoxicity against human K562-TAX cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Synthesis and biological evaluation of triterpenoid thiazoles derived from betulonic acid, dihydrobetulonic acid, and ursonic acid.
AID1485419Growth inhibition of human HCT116 cells at 10 uM after 48 hrs by SRB assay relative to control2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 135Synthesis of novel benzylidene analogues of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agents.
AID67265Half-maximal cytotoxic concentration of compound against endothelial cell line ECV3042004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-03, Volume: 14, Issue:9
Betulinic acid and its derivatives as anti-angiogenic agents.
AID246971Cytotoxic activity against human L132 cell line was measured after 72 hr using MTT assay2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-02, Volume: 14, Issue:15
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 3-O-acyl/3-hydrazine /2-bromo/20,29-dibromo betulinic acid derivatives.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (80)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's2 (2.50)18.2507
2000's26 (32.50)29.6817
2010's37 (46.25)24.3611
2020's15 (18.75)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 25.60

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index25.60 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.56 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.49 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index29.35 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (25.60)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews1 (1.05%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other94 (98.95%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		2.1310ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.1110trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		7.0710sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
vanillin
Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).		2.9210benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		2.0510benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
diphenyleneiodonium
diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.		2.0510organic cation
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.2510
niclosamide
Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.		2.9510benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide		anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.		2.0510acyl fluorideserine proteinase inhibitor
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		7.4920chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.0310aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		7.0710formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
acetylene
[no description available]		7.0510alkyne;
gas molecular entity;
terminal acetylenic compound
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		2.0510catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
thiazoles
[no description available]		7.25101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		2.0510bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		2.9510cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		6.38480hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
triphenylphosphine
triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.		2.2510benzenes;
tertiary phosphine		NMR chemical shift reference compound;
reducing agent
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		2.9510enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		2.1110dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.1110pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0510delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		2.0110acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		3.3620azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		7.2510taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		2.0510beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		2.05101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		2.9510acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		2.4110organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
lamivudine
[no description available]		2.1110monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		2.1110monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.25102-benzofuransfluorochrome
ursolic acid
[no description available]		2.7330hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		geroprotector;
plant metabolite
betulinic acid
[no description available]		5.91370hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
platanic acid
platanic acid: inhibits HIV replication; isolated from Syzigium claviflorum; structure in first source. platanic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is 30-norlupan-28-oic acid substituted by a 3beta-hydroxy and an oxo group at position 20. It is isolated from the leaves of Syzygium claviflorum and exhibits anti-HIV activity.		2.7930hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
methyl ketone;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
metabolite
3'-amino-3'-deoxyadenosine
[no description available]		2.0510
epicatechin
(-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.0510catechin;
polyphenol		antioxidant
magnolol
[no description available]		2.9510biphenyls
honokiol
[no description available]		2.9510biphenyls
betulin
betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.		4.37190diol;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		analgesic;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
metabolite
zaluzanin C
zaluzanin C: from Ainsliaea yunnanensis and Zaluzania robinsonii; structure in first source. zaluzanin C : A sesquiterpene lactone that is decahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one substituted by methylidene groups at positions 3, 6 and 9 and a hydroxy group at position 8.		2.0310gamma-lactone;
guaiane sesquiterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
sesquiterpene lactone		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite
beta-amyrin
beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer. beta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.		2.1110pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
plant metabolite
alpha-amyrin
alpha-amyrin: beta-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from taraxasterol that differs from beta-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 19 position. alpha-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.0510pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol
betulinic acid methyl ester
betulinic acid methyl ester: from the roots of Saussurea lappa; structure in first source		3.2960triterpenoid
arjunolic acid
arjunolic acid: oleanane type; isol from Cochlospermum tinctorium (Bixaceae); structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/89. arjunolic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Juglans sinensis, it exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
maslinic acid
(2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria		2.4920dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
friedelin
3-friedelanone: from the stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis; structure in first source. friedelin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork.		2.0510cyclic terpene ketone;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
plant metabolite
lupenone
lupenone: structure in first source		2.4920triterpenoidmetabolite
adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphate
[no description available]		2.4110nucleoside diphosphate analogue
uvaol
uvaol: from Vauquelinia corymbosa (Rosaceae)		2.0510triterpenoidmetabolite
sugiol
sugiol: diterpene with anti-inflammatory activity from Calocedrus formosana bark; structure in first source. sugiol : An abietane diterpenoid that is ferruginol in which the methylene group para to the phenolic hydroxy group has been substituted by an oxo group.		2.9510abietane diterpenoid;
carbotricyclic compound;
cyclic terpene ketone;
meroterpenoid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
10-hydroxycamptothecin
[no description available]		2.1110pyranoindolizinoquinoline
Lup-20(29)-en-28-al, 3beta-hydroxy-
[no description available]		2.5220triterpenoid
karanjin
karanjin: structure given in first source		2.1110extended flavonoid
erythrodiol
[no description available]		2.0110diol;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		plant metabolite
asiatic acid
[no description available]		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
triol		angiogenesis modulating agent;
metabolite
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		2.3110amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.1510secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
pheophorbide a
pheophorbide a: split product of chlorophyll obtained by saponification of pheophytin		2.0110
lupeol
[no description available]		2.4220pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.11102,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ferruginol
ferruginol: structure in first source. ferruginol : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at positions 12.		2.9510abietane diterpenoid;
carbotricyclic compound;
meroterpenoid;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite;
protective agent
hinokinin
hinokinin: suppresses expression of both HBsAg and HBeAg. hinokinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at positions 3 and 4 (the 3R,4R-diastereoisomer).		2.9510benzodioxoles;
gamma-lactone;
lignan		trypanocidal drug
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.0310
betulonal
betulonal: originally isolated from white birch bark (Betula pendula); structure in first source		2.9640
3-epi-betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.1510
moronic acid
moronic acid: from root bark extract of Ozoroa mucronata; RN & N1 from 9th CI. moronic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-18-ene substituted at position 3 by an oxo group and position 28 by a carboxy group.		3.3220pentacyclic triterpenoidanti-HIV agent;
anti-HSV-1 agent;
metabolite
morolic acid
morolic acid: from Pistacia terebinthus galls; structure in first source		2.9210
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		2.0310
6,7-dehydroroyleanone
6,7-dehydroroyleanone: diterpene abietane quinone isolated from Salvia moorcraftiana or Lepechinia bullata (both Lamiaceae); Rn given from CA Index Guide; RN not in Chemline 12/84; structure given in first source		2.9510
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		2.9510cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.610aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
quercetin
[no description available]		2.11107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
formononetin
[no description available]		2.11104'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones		phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
luteolin
[no description available]		2.05103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
scopoletin
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxycoumarinplant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		2.1110disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
kaempferol
[no description available]		2.05107-hydroxyflavonol;
flavonols;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		2.110antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
psi-baptigenin
pseudobaptigenin : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone and in which the phenyl group at position 3 is replaced by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group.		2.11107-hydroxyisoflavones;
benzodioxoles		antiprotozoal drug;
plant metabolite
savinin
savinin: a lignan from Pterocarpus santalinus inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and T cell proliferation; structure in first source. savinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylidene group at position 3 and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl group at position 4 (the 3E,4R-isomer). It exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.		2.9510benzodioxoles;
gamma-lactone;
lignan		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor
ag-490
[no description available]		2.610catechols;
enamide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
STAT3 inhibitor
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		2.0710boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
phytochlorin
phytochlorin: RN given refers to (2S-trans)-isomer; structure given in the first source		2.2510
lespenefril
lespenefril: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. kaempferol 3,7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residues at positions 3 and 7 respectively via glycosidic linkages. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Vicia faba and Lotus edulis.		2.0510alpha-L-rhamnoside;
dihydroxyflavone;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bone density conservation agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
Lonchocarpin
lonchocarpine: has anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antiepileptic activities; isolated from Abrus precatorius; structure in first source		2.1110chalcones
bafilomycin a1
bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.		2.3110cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide antibiotic;
oxanes		apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
fungicide;
potassium ionophore;
toxin
beta-escin
[no description available]		2.610
Retusin 7-Methyl Ether
[no description available]		2.1110methoxyisoflavone
corosolic acid
[no description available]		2.4520triterpenoidmetabolite
3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid
3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid: from Potentilla chinensis		2.2510triterpenoid
alpha-cadinol
alpha-cadinol : A cadinane sesquiterpenoid that is cadin-4-ene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 10.		2.9510cadinane sesquiterpenoid;
carbobicyclic compound;
octahydronaphthalenes;
tertiary alcohol		fungicide;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
betulone
[no description available]		2.1510triterpenoidmetabolite
allobetulinol
allobetulinol : A triterpenoid that is (18alpha)-19,28-epoxyoleanane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.		2.7630cyclic ether;
secondary alcohol;
triterpenoid
silvestrol
silvestrol: isolated from the fruit and twig of Aglaia silvestris. silvestrol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a, a methoxy group at C-8 and a 1,4-dioxan-2-yloxy group at position C-6 which in turn is substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group at position 6. Isolated from Aglaia silvestris, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.		2.2110dioxanes;
ether;
methyl ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
oleanonic acid
oleanonic acid: structure in first source		2.5220
Mangiferonic acid
[no description available]		2.0110triterpenoid
23-hydroxybetulinic acid
23-hydroxybetulinic acid: structure in first source		2.4110triterpenoidmetabolite
beta-Elemonic acid
beta-elemonic acid: extracted from Boswellia carterii		2.0510triterpenoid
GS-441524
[no description available]		2.3110aromatic amine;
C-nucleoside;
nitrile;
pyrrolotriazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral agent;
drug metabolite
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.0210benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
beta-amyrin palmitate
beta-amyrin palmitate: alpha-amyrin palmitate is also available; may activate noradrenergic activity		2.1110
lupane
lupane: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.1510
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		2.1110purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		01.9910
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.6930
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		01.9910
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9910
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		02.6930
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		01.9910
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.0110
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0110
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell
[description not available]		02.0310
Leukemia, T-Cell
A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.		02.0310
Leishmaniasis, American
[description not available]		02.110
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.		02.110
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		02.1110
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		02.1110
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.8230
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		07.8230
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.6920
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		02.6920
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.4110
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.4110
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.4110
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		03.5240
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		03.5240
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		03.5240
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.2510
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.2510
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		02.2510
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		02.1510
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		02.1510
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		02.1710
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.110
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		02.7730
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		02.7730
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		02.1510
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		02.1510
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.0510
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.0510
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		02.0510
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.4420
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.4420
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.0210
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		02.0210
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		02.4220
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		02.4220
B Virus Infection
[description not available]		0210
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		0210
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		0210
B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.0110
Lymphoma, B-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.		02.0110