Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Benign Pilomatricoma

A tumor composed of cells resembling those of the hair matrix, which undergo 'mummification' and may calcify. It is a relatively uncommon tumor, which may occur at any age from infancy. The majority of patients are under 20, and females are affected more than males. The lesion is usually a solitary deep dermal or subcutaneous tumor 3-30 mm in diameter, situated in the head, neck, or upper extremity. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2401)

Synonyms(7)

Synonym
Pilomatricoma
Calcifying Epithelioma of Malherbe
Pilomatrixoma
Malherbe Calcifying Epithelioma
Benign Pilomatricoma
Benign Pilomatrixoma
Epithelioma Calcificans Of Malherbe

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Human pilomatricomas are benign epidermal appendage tumors composed of hair matrix-like basaloid cells and keratinized remnant cells referred to as shadow cells."( Asada, H; Hirota, S; Ito, A; Kitamura, Y; Kohri, K; Nomura, S; Tsukamoto, Y; Xu, Z; Yoshikawa, K, 1995)
"Pilomatrixoma is a benign tumor of hair follicles that usually occurs as a single tumor and appears in the head and neck region, extremities, and trunk."( Fridman, E; Migirov, L; Talmi, YP, 2002)
"Pilomatrixoma is a benign skin neoplasm of the hair follicle."( Boutayeb, F; Daoudi, A; El Ibrahimi, A; Elmrini, A; Znati, K, 2009)
"Pilomatricoma is believed to differentiate towards the hair matrix and hair cortex."( Kimura, T; Kurokawa, I; Mizutani, H; Senba, Y; Sugisaki, H; Tsubura, A; Yamanaka, K, 2009)
"Pilomatricoma is a rare, benign skin neoplasm that originates from hair matrix cells and is most frequently located in the head and neck region."( Delank, KW; Deutsch, J; Trick, D, 2010)
"Pilomatricoma is a common benign neoplasm of the skin characterized by a solid cutaneous nodule of hair matrix origin."( Chen, J; Fang, K; Jin, H; Li, L; Ray, H; Xiao, Y; Zeng, Y, 2012)
"Pilomatricoma is uncommon in adults and an unusual cause for marked FDG uptake, likely due to foreign body inflammation."( Bhatt, MK; Ravi Kumar, AS; Sommerville, R, 2012)
"Pilomatricoma is a relatively common benign skin neoplasm originating from the hair follicle matrix cells."( Brito, C; Duarte, Mda L; Gomes, J; Resende, CI, 2013)
"Pilomatricoma is a tumour derived from hair matrix cells, which shows progressive keratin expression."( Buettner, R; Fink, D; Friedrichs, J; Friedrichs, N; Hartmann, W; Kindler, D; Mauch, C; Schüle, R, 2015)
"Pilomatricoma is a rare benign tumor of the hair follicle matrix cells, which associates during its evolution a foreign body-like inflammatory process."( Cianga, CM; Cianga, P; Dumitrescu, GF; Sava, A, 2016)
"Pilomatricomas are benign calcifying neoplasms derived from follicle matrix cells."( Maranda, EL; Riyaz, F; Shwayder, T, 2017)
"Pilomatricomas are benign tumors of the hair follicle that occur frequently in the scalp region."( Akbari, SHA; Cochran, E; Lane, JR, 2023)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Through an observation of a pilomatrixoma of the leg in an adult patient treated surgically without recurrence, different diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this pathology will be recalled."( Boutayeb, F; Daoudi, A; El Ibrahimi, A; Elmrini, A; Znati, K, 2009)
"Standard treatment for pilomatricomas involves complete surgical excision, with an overall low rate of recurrence."( Maranda, EL; Riyaz, F; Shwayder, T, 2017)

Research

Studies (79)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19902 (2.53)23.3326
1990's11 (13.92)12.5806
2000's29 (36.71)18.1394
2010's34 (43.04)28.8240
2020's3 (3.80)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
salicylic acid0low260
dimethyl sulfoxide0low10
formaldehyde0low10
khellin0low10
prednisolone0low10
methylene blue0low10
ampicillin0low10
trichloroacetic acid0low10
eosine yellowish-(ys)0low10
gadolinium0low10
zinc sulfate0low10
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous0low10
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous0low10
tricalcium phosphate0low10
trolamine salicylate0low10
etoposide0low10
fluorodeoxyglucose f180low20
calcium pyrophosphate0low10
elastin0low10
inositol 3-phosphate0low10
melphalan0low10
bromochloroacetic acid0low190
isotretinoin0low10
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low20
involucrin0low10
gadolinium dtpa0low10
mart-1 antigen0low10
sodium ethylxanthate0low10
interleukin-80low10
transforming growth factor beta0low20
cyclin d10low30
technetium tc 99m medronate0low10
exudates0low10

Protein Targets (380)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
acetylcholinesterase2002
pregnane X receptor2002
SMAD family member 24004
SMAD family member 34004
TDP1 protein100010
GLI family zinc finger 3130013
Microtubule-associated protein tau3003
AR protein120012
progesterone receptor8008
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]8008
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1120012
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha110011
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha9009
farnesoid X nuclear receptor7007
pregnane X nuclear receptor9009
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha110011
G4004
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor7007
arylsulfatase A1001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 26006
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a8008
activating transcription factor 64004
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 23003
chromobox protein homolog 16006
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1110011
geminin8008
survival motor neuron protein isoform d5005
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 13003
lamin isoform A-delta102002
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit7007
Interferon beta6006
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 4004
Glucocorticoid receptor06112
Sex hormone-binding globulin0011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10606
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0202
Adenosine receptor A30404
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
Androgen receptor0303
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0505
Glutamate receptor 27007
Glycine receptor subunit beta0606
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20606
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30606
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0505
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
TAR DNA-binding protein 434004
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 14004
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial4004
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase3003
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE3003
Chain A, Mutant Al2 6e7p9g0011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase2002
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase4004
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q12002
Chain A, Cruzipain2002
Beta-lactamase 0001
acid sphingomyelinase1001
GLS protein2002
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA11001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 20001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 13003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 27007
DNA polymerase beta2002
DNA polymerase eta isoform 13003
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)5005
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 11001
Carbonic anhydrase 10303
Carbonic anhydrase 20303
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Beta-lactamase OXA-70001
Solute carrier family 15 member 10202
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Spike glycoprotein4004
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Angiopoietin-1 receptor0011
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20101
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-130001
Efflux transporter 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase Toho-10001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Class D beta-lactamase0001
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
Metallo-beta-lactamase0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20101
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
Metallo-b-lactamase 0001
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC0001
Histamine H3 receptor0001
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2 0001
Beta-lactamase VIM-1 0001
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma100010
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A16006
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 39009
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor5005
Cellular tumor antigen p539009
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma2002
Cereblon isoform 40202
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 50011
Choline O-acetyltransferase 0101
Protein cereblon0202
glp-1 receptor, partial7007
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit5005
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease3003
67.9K protein2002
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta6006
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma7007
caspase-33003
LMP1 [Human herpesvirus 4]0001
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a3003
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)4004
Histone H2A.x4004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 23003
heat shock protein beta-14004
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]0101
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor3003
plasminogen precursor3003
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor3003
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0101
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform a0101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30404
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40404
Bile salt export pump0505
Prothrombin0001
Regulatory protein E20011
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10203
Cytochrome P450 3A40303
DNA topoisomerase 10102
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha0117
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0303
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
DNA topoisomerase 20001
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0001
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0001
Caspase-30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0001
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha 0001
DNA topoisomerase 2-beta0118
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0001
Tubulin beta-2B chain0101
Integrase 0101
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0001
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10506
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 55005
Ataxin-25005
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0001
GALC protein3003
aryl hydrocarbon receptor6006
Chain A, Ferritin light chain3003
Luciferase3003
thioredoxin reductase4004
ATAD5 protein, partial2002
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)5005
regulator of G-protein signaling 41001
Parkin1001
Caspase-73003
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 13003
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 11001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a3003
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor2002
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d2002
caspase-33003
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 11001
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK11001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 12002
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Retinoic acid receptor gamma0101
Retinoic acid receptor beta0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 20011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
Olfactory receptor 51E20101
USP1 protein, partial2002
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 44004
cytochrome P450 2D63003
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 11001
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 12002
mitogen-activated protein kinase 12002
snurportin-12002
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 11001
peripheral myelin protein 223003
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi2002
Cytochrome P450 1A10202
Cytochrome P450 1A20202
Cytochrome P450 2D60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta2002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-22002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-52002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-32002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-22002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-42002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-32002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-62002
Cytochrome P450 2C190101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-32002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-22002
Cytochrome P450 1B10101
GABA theta subunit2002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon2002
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0101
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE2002
15-lipoxygenase, partial1001
phosphopantetheinyl transferase3003
Fumarate hydratase2002
thioredoxin glutathione reductase2002
Smad32002
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)2002
EWS/FLI fusion protein1001
polyprotein2002
glucocerebrosidase1001
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 0101
Chain E, Fibrin beta chain0101
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
T cell receptor, partial1001
luteinizing hormone receptor1001
integrase, partial0101
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog2002
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p750101
Caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase0001
PPM1D protein1001
TSHR protein1001
Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 10101
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partial1001
luciferase1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B1001
IDH12002
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a1001
neutrophil cytosol factor 10101
caspase-9 isoform alpha precursor0101
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
huntingtin isoform 21001
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a1001
flap endonuclease 11001
caspase-3 isoform a preproprotein0101
protein AF-9 isoform a0001
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor1001
Vpr2002
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
replicative DNA helicase0001
recombinase A0011
POsterior Segregation0011
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a0001
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Glutathione reductase0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0102
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain1001
Albumin0001
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0101
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0102
Microtubule-associated protein tau0112
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0101
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0011
Cruzipain0101
Alpha-synuclein1001
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Inositol monophosphatase 11001
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic0102
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 0102
Zinc finger protein mex-50011
phosphoglycerate kinase1001
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21001
luciferase0001
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Estrogen receptor0202
Progesterone receptor0203
Glucocorticoid receptor0112
Glucocorticoid receptor0011
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0213
Androgen receptor0202
Glutamine synthetase0011
Histamine H1 receptor0011
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20202
Nociceptin receptor0011
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
Estrogen receptor beta0202
nonstructural protein 11001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 11001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Histamine H2 receptor1001
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
Estrogen receptor beta0001
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Polyphenol oxidase 20102
Carbonic anhydrase 120101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-20001
Bile salt export pump0101
Albumin0101
Polymerase acidic protein0011
Carbonic anhydrase 30101
Stromelysin-10011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase YopH0101
High mobility group protein B10011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10103
Estrogen receptor0001
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 60101
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
Carbonic anhydrase 70101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-10001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-20001
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-10001
Carbonic anhydrase 90101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 150101
Carbonic anhydrase 130101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-30001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-20001
Carbonic anhydrase 140101
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-10001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
Integrin beta-31001
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]