Compounds > 4-carboxyfluorescein
Page last updated: 2024-11-07

4-carboxyfluorescein

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID123755
CHEBI ID51617
SCHEMBL ID20095
MeSH IDM0131398

Synonyms (39)

Synonym
BIDD:GT0758
5-carboxyfluorescein, 99% (hplc)
3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxo-3h-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-5-carboxylic acid
4-carboxyfluorescein
76823-03-5
spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3h),9'-(9h)xanthene)-5-carboxylic acid, 3',6-dihydroxy-3-oxo-
4(5)-carboxyfluorescein
5-carboxyfluorescein ,
CHEBI:51617
5-fam
5-carboxyfluorescein, bioreagent, suitable for fluorescence, >=95% (hplc)
3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxospiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-5-carboxylic acid
C2477
spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3h),9'-[9h]xanthene]-5-carboxylicacid, 3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxo-
unii-ab2mm66gsf
ab2mm66gsf ,
BP-30031
AKOS015901359
FT-0620190
3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxo-3h-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-5-carboxylic acid
HY-66022
SCHEMBL20095
DTXSID30227642
J-100059
AC-32459
mfcd00036874
BCP22613
SY057359
NJYVEMPWNAYQQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Q27122687
AS-32304
5 - fam
5-carboxyfluorescein; 3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxo-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3h),9'-[9h]xanthene]-5-carboxylic acid
spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3h),9'-(9h)xanthene)-5-carboxylic acid, 3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxo-
3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxospiro(isobenzofuran-1(3h),9'-(9h)xanthene)-5-carboxylic acid
PD012213
5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, mixed isomers
Z1139186537
3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxo-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-5-carboxylic acid

Research Excerpts

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"In this study, capillary electrophoresis (CE) combined with HPLC-MS/MS were used as a powerful platform for screening of inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in natural product extracts."( Screening of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in natural product extracts by capillary electrophoresis in combination with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Kang, J; Li, F; Li, M; Zhang, Y, 2015)		0.42
" Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are exposed to various types of drugs, and understanding how these drugs interact is of the utmost importance."( Development of an assay for cellular efflux of pharmaceutically active agents and its relevance to understanding drug interactions.
Andersson, BS; Hassan, M; Valdez, BC, 2017)		0.46
" Clinically significant drug interactions can be induced by organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and OAT3 when concomitant medications competitively interact with the transporters."( Sensitive and valid assay for reliable evaluation of drug interactions mediated by human organic anion transporter 1 and 3 using 5-carboxyfluorescein.
Chae, YJ; Chang, JE; Lee, KR, 2022)		0.72

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Hence, infection and inflammatory diseases may impose variability in drug bioavailability through alterations in the intestinal expression and activity of drug transporters and metabolic enzymes."( Suppression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters in the intestine of endotoxin-treated rats.
Brocks, DR; Kalitsky-Szirtes, J; Piquette-Miller, M; Shayeganpour, A, 2004)		0.32
" Hence, infection and inflammatory diseases may induce variability in drug bioavailability through alterations in the intestinal expression and activity of drug transporters."( Suppression of efflux transporters in the intestines of endotoxin-treated rats.
Hatanaka, M; Hayashi, M; Kai, T; Kanbayashi, A; Murata, H; Nakaike, M; Takizawa, Y; Tanaka, A; Tomita, M, 2012)		0.38
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
fluorochromeA fluorescent dye used to stain biological specimens.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
monocarboxylic acidAn oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Research

Studies (113)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199011 (9.73)18.7374
1990's17 (15.04)18.2507
2000's27 (23.89)29.6817
2010's48 (42.48)24.3611
2020's10 (8.85)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.09

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index10.09 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.76 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.86 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (10.09)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (0.86%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other115 (99.14%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		2.25104-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		1.9910amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		2.0110carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
cytosine
[no description available]		2.0610aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		2.0110carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
spermidine
[no description available]		2.0510polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.4320aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator		1.9910monoazo compound
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		2.0610N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		2.02101-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
busulfan
[no description available]		2.1510methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		2.1510aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		2.2110aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
dapi
DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.2110indolesfluorochrome
dimethadione
Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.		1.9610oxazolidinone
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		6.061110
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		2.1510aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		2.4320nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		1.9910carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		210chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
glutaral
Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.		2.0510dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide
[no description available]		1.9910isoquinolines;
sulfonamide
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		2.1510dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
fenamic acid
fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		2.0510aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		membrane transport modulator
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		1.9710benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
propidium
Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.		1.9810phenanthridines;
quaternary ammonium ion		fluorochrome;
intercalator
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		2.0110quaternary ammonium ion
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.1710aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)		2.1510azobenzenes
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.0210amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.		210
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		2.4620alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		1.9910formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0110amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		2.4620arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
methylamine
methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.		1.9610methylamines;
one-carbon compound;
primary aliphatic amine		mouse metabolite
rhodamine b
rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.		1.9910organic chloride salt;
xanthene dye		fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome;
histological dye
aminacrine
Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.		2.3820aminoacridines;
primary amino compound		acid-base indicator;
antiinfective agent;
antiseptic drug;
fluorescent dye;
MALDI matrix material;
mutagen
4-phenylenediamine
4-phenylenediamine: agent hair dye responsible for contact dermatitis; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,4-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus.		2.0610phenylenediamineallergen;
dye;
hapten;
reagent
diethylamine
[no description available]		1.9610secondary aliphatic amine
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		1.9910acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide
1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide: activates carboxyl groups. 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having an isopropyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.		1.9910carbodiimidepeptide coupling reagent
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.0310pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
manganese dioxide
[no description available]		2.1110manganese molecular entity;
metal oxide
molybdenum disulfide
[no description available]		2.2510sulfide salt
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		1.9610alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
stearylamine
stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		2.420primary aliphatic aminefilm-forming compound
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		3.1502-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		2.0210fluorescein isothiocyanate
4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid
4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid: structure given in first source		2.1510
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		2.2510chromium group element atommicronutrient
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		2.5820metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
rhodium
Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.		210cobalt group element atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		2.1710iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		2.6620copper group element atom;
elemental gold
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan
4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.		2.0110benzoxadiazole;
C-nitro compound;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor;
fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome
alkenes
[no description available]		2.1110
nigericin
Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.		1.9610polycyclic etherantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		210taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		210beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		1.9910adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
pyranine
pyranine: structure		210organic sodium saltfluorochrome
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd		2102-benzofuransfluorochrome
fluorexon
fluorexon: structure		2.4220xanthene dyefluorochrome
25-hydroxycholesterol
[no description available]		1.971025-hydroxy steroid;
oxysterol		human metabolite
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol
dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol : A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl.		1.9610phosphatidylglycerol
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		1.99101,2,3-triazole
1-hydroxybenzotriazole
1-hydroxybenzotriazole: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910benzotriazoles
6-carboxyfluorescein
6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein		3.2560monocarboxylic acid
4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl
[no description available]		2.2110
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		2.2110cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
thromboxanes
thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.		2.0210
stichoposide
stichoposide: triterpene glycoside; RN given refers to stichoposide A		2.0410
splenopentin
splenopentin: see also BCH 069 which is a modified pentapeptide from splenin		2.0310oligopeptide
celastrol
[no description available]		2.1310monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
metabolite
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.0510
7-nitrobenzoxadiazole-6-aminohexanoic acid
7-nitrobenzoxadiazole-6-aminohexanoic acid: structure given in first source. 7-nitrobenzoxadiazole-6-aminohexanoic acid : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by (5-carboxypentyl)amino and nitro groups, respectively.		2.0110benzoxadiazole;
C-nitro compound;
epsilon-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		fluorochrome
6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.0510
carbodiimides
Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.		1.9910carbodiimide
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		1.9910biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester: is an indirect measure of cell membrane integrity-are noninvasive and can be monitored conveniently directly in multiwell plates		2.1510
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.051012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		1.991011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.0810N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
thymopentin
Thymopentin: Synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to the amino acids 32-36 of thymopoietin and exhibiting the full biological activity of the natural hormone. It is an immunomodulator which has been studied for possible use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, and other primary immunodeficiencies.		2.0310oligopeptide
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		2.1510L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
glycosides
[no description available]		2.0410
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		2.0210cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester
[no description available]		2.4720
7-benzyloxyquinoline
7-benzyloxyquinoline: fluorescent substrate for cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases; structure given in first source		2.0210
empigen bb
dodecylbetaine: RN given for chloride salt; RN for parent cpd not available 7/93		1.9910
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		2.4720organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
myelin basic protein
Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.		1.9710
bilirubin
[no description available]		2.4220biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
salvianolic acid a
salvianolic acid A: a nootropic depside from Salvia miltiorrhizia		2.1110stilbenoid
maytansine
Maytansine: An ansa macrolide isolated from the MAYTENUS genus of East African shrubs.. maytansine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound and 19-membered macrocyclic lactam antibiotic originally isolated from the Ethiopian shrub Maytenus serrata but also found in other Maytenus species. It exhibits cytotoxicity against many tumour cell lines.		2.610alpha-amino acid ester;
carbamate ester;
epoxide;
maytansinoid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organochlorine compound		antimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		2.1510antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.		2.0810phosphatidylcholine(1+)
diphenylhexatriene
Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.		2.0110alkatrienefluorochrome
silicon
Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].		210carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine
3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dilC18(3)(1+) : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindoleinine units at each end.		2.1310Cy5 dye;
indolium ion		fluorochrome
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.		2.9130cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer; member of a class of cationic lipid formulations called cytofectins		1.9710
1-palmitoyl-2-((2-(4-(6-phenyl-1,3,4-hexatrienyl)phenyl)ethyl)carbonyl)-3-phosphatidylcholine
1-palmitoyl-2-((2-(4-(6-phenyl-1,3,4-hexatrienyl)phenyl)ethyl)carbonyl)-3-phosphatidylcholine: RN given from first source; RN given refers to (trans)-isomer		210
everolimus
[no description available]		2.1510cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
verlukast
verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist		210
perfosfamide
[no description available]		2.1510
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		2.0810ammonium ion derivative
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		2.1310
salvianolic acid c
salvianolic acid C: mTOR inhibitor from Salvia miltiorrhiza		2.1110benzofurans
aflatoxin m1
Aflatoxin M1: A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).. aflatoxin M1 : A member of the class of aflatoxins that is aflatoxin B1 in which the hydrogen at position 9a is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.1510aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
tertiary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mammalian metabolite
viscotoxin
viscotoxin: 5 kDa, 46 aa peptide from VISCUM related to other thionins; do not confuse with other proteins from VISCUM		2.0110
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		2.4620
hirudin
[no description available]		2.4220
pardaxin
pardaxin: acidic protein from flatfish Pardachirus marmoratus; amino aicd sequence known		1.9810
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		3.5801,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chitosan
[no description available]		2.1310
navitoclax
[no description available]		2.1310aryl sulfide;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
piperazines;
secondary amino compound;
sulfone;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
[no description available]		2.4220BODIPY compound
(5-(2,4-bis((3s)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol
(5-(2,4-bis((3S)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol: a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity; structure in first source		2.1110benzyl alcohols;
morpholines;
pyridopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
mTOR inhibitor
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		2.2110ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
ascorbate-2-phosphate
ascorbate-2-phosphate: inhibitor of ascorbate-2-sulfate sulfohydrolase from bovine liver. L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate : An aldonolactone phosphate that is the 2-phosphate ester of L-ascorbic acid. It can stimulate collagen formation.		2.2110aldonolactone phosphate
hirudin
Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.		2.4220
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.0210guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		2.5820folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
ganciclovir
[no description available]		1.99102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
antimony sodium gluconate
Antimony Sodium Gluconate: Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis.		2.0610
2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein
[no description available]		1.9910
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		03.5360
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		03.5360
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.2510
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		02.2510
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		02.0810
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		02.0810
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		02.1110
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		02.1110
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		02.1110
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		02.1110
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		02.1110
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		02.1110
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.1510
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.4520
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.1510
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.4520
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		02.4420
Eperythrozoonosis
[description not available]		02.0510
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		02.0510
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.		02.0510
Black Fever
[description not available]		02.0610
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.		02.0610
Infection
[description not available]		02.0710
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.4620
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		02.0710
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		02.4620
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.420
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		02.420
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		02.0210
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.0310
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		02.0310
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.0310
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		02.0310
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		01.9910
Embryopathies
[description not available]		01.9910
Chromosomal Triplication
[description not available]		02.420
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		01.9910
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		01.9910
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		0210
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		0210
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		0210
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		0210
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		01.9710
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		01.9710