spirogermanium profile

Spirogermanium, also known as 2,2-bis(acetoxymethyl) spiro[4.4]nonane-1,3-dione, is an organogermanium compound with a complex structure. It was initially investigated for its potential anti-cancer activity, exhibiting promising results in preclinical studies. Spirogermanium was found to have a unique mechanism of action, potentially targeting DNA synthesis and cell cycle regulation. It was also studied for its potential applications in treating various diseases, including viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory conditions. The compound's biological activity stems from its ability to interact with enzymes and proteins, influencing their function. However, despite initial promise, spirogermanium's clinical development was hindered by its toxicity, including bone marrow suppression and hepatotoxicity. Further research focused on understanding its mechanism of action and potential therapeutic applications, while exploring safer analogs and derivatives.'

spirogermanium: RN given refers to parent cpd [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	39075
SCHEMBL ID	9281
MeSH ID	M0087711

Synonym
NCIMECH_000382
NCI60_001614
NEURO_000106
{2-aza-8-germaspiro[4.5]decane-2-propanamine,} 8, 8-diethyl-n,n-dimethyl-, dihydrochloride
3-(8,8-diethyl-3-aza-8-germaspiro[4.5]decan-3-yl)-n,n-dimethyl-propan-1-amine
3-(8,8-diethyl-2-aza-8-germaspiro[4.5]dec-2-yl)-n,n-dimethyl-1-propanamine
spirogermanium compound
n-(3-(8,8-diethyl-2-aza-8-germaspiro[4.5]dec-2-yl)propyl)-n,n-dimethylamine
2-aza-8-germaspiro[4.5]decane-2-propanamine, 8, 8-diethyl-n,n-dimethyl-
spirogermanium compound (dihydrochloride)
spirogermanium (dihydrochloride)
spiro 32
spirogermanium
spirogermanium [inn:ban]
2-aza-8-germaspiro(4.5)decane-2-propanamine, 8,8-diethyl-n,n-dimethyl-,
spirogermanio [inn-spanish]
nsc 192965
spirogermanium [inn-latin]
spirogermanio
41992-23-8
unii-1f01p3y61e
1f01p3y61e ,
CCG-35966
2-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-8,8-diethyl-2-aza-8-germaspiro(4.5)decane
spirogermanium [mi]
spirogermanium [inn]
SCHEMBL9281
PWMYMKOUNYTVQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
3-(8,8-diethyl-2-aza-8-germaspiro[4.5]dec-2-yl)-n,n-dimethyl-1-propanamine #
8,8-diethyl-n,n-dimethyl-2-aza-8-germaspiro(4.5)decane-2-propanamine
spirogermanium hydrochloride (salt/mix)
2-aza-8-germaspiro(4.5)decane-2-propanamine, 8,8-diethyl-n,n-dimethyl-
spiro 32 (salt/mix)
2-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-8,8-diethyl-2-aza-8-germaspiro[4.5]decane
spirogermanium 32 (salt/mix)
s 99 a (salt/mix)
DTXSID30194800
3-(8,8-diethyl-2-aza-8-germaspiro[4.5]decan-2-yl)-n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine
Q9340297

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Spirogermanium (NSC 192965) is a new metallic investigational anticancer drug of novel heterocyclic structure. "	( Spirogermanium: a new investigational drug of novel structure and lack of bone marrow toxicity. Blanc, O; Davis, J; Slavik, M, 1983)	3.15
"Spirogermanium is a new azaspirane antitumor agent, with the metal germanium substituted for a one-carbon moiety in the ring structure. "	( Phase I clinical trial of spirogermanium. Hoth, D; Macdonald, JS; Schein, PS; Slavik, M; Smith, F; Smythe, T; Woolley, PV, )	1.87
"Spirogermanium is a germanium containing azaspirane which has been shown to have activity in experimental models of cancer and immune dysfunction. "	( Pharmacological activities of spirogermanium and other structurally related azaspiranes: effects on tumor cell and macrophage functions. Badger, AM; Dorman, J; Hillegass, L; Johnson, RK; Martellucci, S; Mirabelli, CK; Picker, D; Schwartz, D; Sung, CM; Sung, CP, 1989)	2.01
"Spirogermanium is a novel metal containing azaspirane compound with reported antitumor activity. "	( Antiarthritic and immunoregulatory activity of spirogermanium. Badger, AM; DiMartino, MJ; Hanna, N; Lee, JC; Mirabelli, CK; Muirhead, KA, 1986)	1.97
"Spirogermanium is a metal-containing compound reported to have antitumor, antiarthritic, antimalarial and immunoregulatory activity. "	( Suppressor cell induction by the anticancer drug spirogermanium. Badger, AM; DiMartino, MJ; Mirabelli, CK; Schmitt, TC; Swift, BA, 1987)	1.97
"Spirogermanium (SG) is a metal-containing compound reported to have antitumor, antiarthritic, antimalarial and immunoregulatory activity. "	( Immunomodulatory activity and non-specific suppressor cell generation by spirogermanium in murine and rat models of cell-mediated immunity. Badger, AM; DiMartino, MJ; Mirabelli, CK; Swift, BA, )	1.81
"Spirogermanium is an antineoplastic agent that has been shown to be useful for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors and Plasmodium falciparum infection. "	( Trypanosoma cruzi: inhibition by spirogermanium hydrochloride. Baum, SG; Braunstein, V; Brennessel, DJ; Salgo, MP; Tanowitz, HB; Wittner, M, 1987)	2
"Spirogermanium (SG) is an azaspirane compound that incorporates the element germanium into a heterocyclic ring structure. "	( Preliminary study on the suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat with spirogermanium. Braunstein, V; Brosnan, CF; Sacks, HJ, 1987)	1.93

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Spirogermanium has shown cytotoxic activity in vitro against several human tumor cell lines at concentrations (1 micrograms/ml) that were also found toxic to the cultured rat neurons."	( Spirogermanium: a new investigational drug of novel structure and lack of bone marrow toxicity. Blanc, O; Davis, J; Slavik, M, 1983)	2.43

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Spirogermanium has shown cytotoxic activity in vitro against several human tumor cell lines at concentrations (1 micrograms/ml) that were also found toxic to the cultured rat neurons."	( Spirogermanium: a new investigational drug of novel structure and lack of bone marrow toxicity. Blanc, O; Davis, J; Slavik, M, 1983)	2.62
" Spirogermanium concentrations cytotoxic to tumor cells were also toxic to cultured rat neurons, confirming the clinical neurological toxicity encountered."	( Cytotoxic effects and biological activity of 2-aza-8-germanspiro[4,5]-decane-2-propanamine-8,8-diethyl-N,N-dimethyl dichloride (NSC 192965; spirogermanium) in vitro. Bellamy, AS; Hill, BT; Jenkins, LY; Whatley, SA; Whelan, RD, 1982)	1.38
" The im LD50 in mice was approximately threefold greater than the iv LD50."	( Toxicity of spirogermanium in mice and dogs after iv or im administration. Henry, MC; Levine, BS; Port, CD; Rosen, E, 1980)	0.64

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" A similar dosing protocol inhibits hindleg paralysis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)."	( Inhibition of autoimmune disease and the generation of suppressor cells by spirogermanium: a biological profile similar to total lymphoid irradiation. Badger, AM; DiMartino, MJ; Mirabelli, CK; Swift, BA, 1989)	0.51
" We conclude that spirogermanium is not active against non-small cell lung cancer in the dosage used in this study."	( Phase II trial of spirogermanium in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. An Illinois Cancer Council Study. Blough, RR; Cobleigh, MA; Evrard, M; Hange, P; Johnson, CM; Lad, TE; Shevrin, DP, 1989)	0.94

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	57 (85.07)	18.7374
1990's	10 (14.93)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	0 (0.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	8 (11.11%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (1.39%)	6.00%
Case Studies	2 (2.78%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	61 (84.72%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.37	2	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	6.96	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	1.98	1	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	1.97	1	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	4.45	5	1	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
hydroxyurea [no description available]	1.97	1	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	4.34	2	2	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	1.97	1	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	1.97	1	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	1.96	1	0	manganese group element atom
misonidazole Misonidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.	1.96	1	0
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	1.97	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
methylformamide N-methylformamide : A member of the class of formamides having a N-methyl substituent.	4.32	2	2	formamides
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	1.97	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	4.62	3	2	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
vindesine Vindesine: Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS).	8.36	1	1	methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary carboxamide; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent
diaziquone diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups.	1.98	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines; carbamate ester; enamine	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	3.36	1	1	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
caracemide [no description available]	1.97	1	0
sk&f 105685 SK&F 105685: an azaspirane; structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	2.66	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
aclacinomycin aklavin: antibiotic prepared from culture liquids of streptomycete (A 1129); possessing antiphage activity; structure. aclacinomycin T : An anthracycline that is aklavinone having an alpha-L-rhodosaminyl residue attached at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	8.37	1	1	aminoglycoside; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; polyketide; tertiary alcohol; tetracenequinones; zwitterion	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	2.38	2	0
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	1.98	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
aclarubicin Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.	4.34	2	2	aminoglycoside; anthracycline; methyl ester; phenols; polyketide; tetracenequinones; trisaccharide derivative; zwitterion	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
quinine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	1.96	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	8.33	38	3	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
perfosfamide [no description available]	2.37	2	0
technetium tc 99m diphosphonate technetium Tc 99m diphosphonate: bone seeking radiopharmaceutical whose concentration in bone depends upon regional blood flow & bone metabolism	1.96	1	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	2.37	2	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.06	5	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	1.96	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.88	4	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	4.04	3	1
Periphlebitis Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.	1.96	1	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	4.04	3	1
Phlebitis Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).	1.96	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	5.78	8	3
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	5.78	8	3
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	2.37	2	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	3.35	7	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	4.45	5	1
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	3.22	6	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	3.35	7	0
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	1.96	1	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	2.37	2	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	4.45	5	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	1.96	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	1.96	1	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	2.36	2	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	1.96	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.89	4	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	3.75	2	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.88	4	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	1.96	1	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	1.95	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.36	2	0
Glioblastoma with Sarcomatous Component [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.38	2	0
Gliosarcoma Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8)	1.98	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	3.37	1	1
Babesia Infection [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	3.38	1	1
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	3.77	2	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	3.77	2	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	3.36	1	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	5.37	5	3
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	5.37	5	3
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	3.36	1	1
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	2.37	2	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	6.97	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	3.76	2	1
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	1.97	1	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	1.97	1	0
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available]	3.36	1	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	8.76	2	1
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	1.97	1	0
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	1.97	1	0
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	1.97	1	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.76	2	1
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	3.35	1	1
Duncan Disease [description not available]	3.35	1	1
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	3.35	1	1
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	3.35	1	1
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	3.35	1	1
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	3.35	1	1
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	3.35	1	1
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	3.35	1	1
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	2.37	2	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	2.37	2	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.66	3	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Neoplasms, Nervous System [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	1.97	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	1.97	1	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	1.96	1	0

spirogermanium

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