Compounds > n(1),n(11)-diethylnorspermine
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n(1),n(11)-diethylnorspermine

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Description

N(1),N(11)-diethylnorspermine: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID4282
CHEMBL ID44083
SCHEMBL ID429527
MeSH IDM0165976

Synonyms (42)

Synonym
BIO1_000967
BIO1_000478
NCGC00024603-01
BIO1_001456
tocris-0468
de-333
be 3-3-3
de 333
n1,n11-bis(ethyl)norspermine
n1,n11-diethylnorspermine
n,n'-bis(3-(ethylamino)propyl)-1,3-propanediamine
n(sup 1),n(sup 11)-diethylnorspermine
1,3-propanediamine, n,n'-bis(3-(ethylamino)propyl)-
n(1),n(11)-diethylnorspermine
n(sup 1),n(sup 11)-bis(ethyl)norspermine
bensm
denspm
benspm
121749-39-1
bis(ethyl)norspermine
1,11-bis(ethylamino)-4,8-diazaundecane
be-333
CHEMBL44083
n-ethyl-n'-[3-[3-(ethylamino)propylamino]propyl]propane-1,3-diamine
unii-hli827z1st
hli827z1st ,
SCHEMBL429527
diethylnorspermine
diethylnorspermine, n(1),n(11)-
diethylnorspermine [who-dd]
DTXSID50923952
n~1~,n~1'~-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(n~3~-ethylpropane-1,3-diamine)
DB06445
1044709-86-5
1,11-bis(ethylamino)-4,8-diazaundecan
Q27279989
n(1),n(11)-diethylnorspermine tetrahydrochloride
1,3-propanediamine, n1,n3-bis[3-(ethylamino)propyl]-
3,7,11,15-tetraazaheptadecane
HY-13610
CS-0007460
n1,n1'-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(n3-ethylpropane-1,3-diamine)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" When administered to dogs as an intravenous bolus, DENSPM was shown to have a plasma half-life of 72."( Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of N1,N11-diethylnorspermine.
Bergeron, RJ; Dimova, H; Luchetta, G; Perrin, J; Porter, C; Schreier, KM; Streiff, RR; Weimar, WR; Wiegand, J; Yao, GW, 1995)		0.29

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Although the three sublines were 2- to 10-fold less sensitive than the parent line to classical MDR-type agents, they were found in dose-response studies to be significantly more sensitive to DENSPM than the parent line."( Collateral sensitivity of human melanoma multidrug-resistant variants to the polyamine analogue, N1,N11-diethylnorspermine.
Bergeron, RJ; Ganis, B; Kramer, DL; Porter, CW; Rustum, Y; Wrzosek, C, 1994)		0.29
" Similar antitumor activity was obtained with 120 mg/kg once daily for 6 days and 40 mg/kg once daily for 6 days, indicating that against this tumor model, the dosing schedule can be relaxed up to sixfold without compromising antitumor activity."( Antitumor activity of N1,N11-bis(ethyl)norspermine against human melanoma xenografts and possible biochemical correlates of drug action.
Bergeron, RJ; Bernacki, RJ; Miller, J; Porter, CW, 1993)		0.29
" In the latter model, at a BE-3-3-3/cisplatin molar ratio of 250:1, an increased lifespan (ILS) of 56% is recorded during a 9-day dosing schedule, whereas BE-3-3-3 at the same dose caused a 21% ILS, and cisplatin only exhibited a 7% ILS."( Synergism of the polyamine analogue, N1,N11-bisethylnorspermine with cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (II) against murine neoplastic cell lines in vitro and in vivo.
Austin, JK; Hawthorne, TR, 1996)		0.29
"Twenty-nine patients were treated with DENSPM using a dosing schedule of once daily for 5 days."( Phase I study of N(1),N(11)-diethylnorspermine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Bowling, K; Casero, RA; Chen, TL; Ettinger, DS; Hahm, HA; Hoker, B; Zabelina, Y, 2002)		0.65
" Drug levels in plasma decayed rapidly immediately after the infusion but remained above 10 nM for several days after dosing at the MTD."( Phase 1 study of N(1),N(11)‑diethylnorspermine (DENSPM) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Berg, CL; Berlin, J; Blaszkowsky, LS; Carpenter, A; Chan, E; Clark, JW; Cotler, S; Goyal, L; Heuman, DM; Hezel, AF; Hilderbrand, SL; Ryan, DP; Senzer, NN; Stuart, KE; Supko, JG; Zhu, AX, 2013)		0.39
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Pathways (1)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
spermine and spermidine degradation I317

Protein Targets (5)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.55420.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
alpha-galactosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.11874.466818.391635.4813AID2107
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.30960.00255.840031.6228AID899
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.95260.316212.765731.6228AID881
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency19.95260.00638.235039.8107AID881
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (21)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
lipid metabolic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migrationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
prostate gland developmentPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of epithelial cell differentiationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine productionPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathwayPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell cyclePolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of growthPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
hepoxilin biosynthetic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
endocannabinoid signaling pathwayPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
cannabinoid biosynthetic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
lipoxin A4 biosynthetic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid metabolic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
lipid oxidationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathwayPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (8)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
iron ion bindingPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase activityPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activityPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activityPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase activityPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (8)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleusPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
cytoskeletonPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
adherens junctionPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
membranePolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomePolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (93)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID99100Compound was evaluated for its impact on putrescine (Put) levels after 48 hr at concentration 100 uM1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID94586inhibitory activity against growth of JURKAT cells after 144h.1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID94590effect of compound on polyamine biosynthetic enzymes in JURKAT cells using AdoMetDC assay1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID80470Effect of exposure of H157 non-SCLC to compound (<10 uM) for 96-h, on natural polyamines and accumulation of the compound; Decrease2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
AID96877Spermidine(SPD) levels in L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with the compound at the dose of 100 uM2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 43, Issue:2
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID99138Compound was evaluated for its impact on spermine levels after 48 hr at concentration 100 uM1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID97484Effect of compound on the level of spermine in polyamine pools of L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with 100 uM of dose2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID98810% of spermidine (SPD) in L1210 cells after 48 hr at 10 uM concentration1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID96744Putrescine(PUT) levels in L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with the compound at the dose of 100 MicroM2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 43, Issue:2
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID215502In vitro growth inhibitory activity against Trypanosoma brucei strain LAB1102001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-18, Volume: 11, Issue:12
Novel alkylpolyamine analogues that possess both antitrypanosomal and antimicrosporidial activity.
AID97320Amount of compound present per 10e6 L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with 100 uM of dose2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID98486Inhibitory concentration of compound against the growth of the L1210 cell line at 48 hr2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID96887Spermine(SPM) levels in L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with the compound at the dose of 10 uM2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 43, Issue:2
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID80478Spermine/Spermidine-N1-acetyltransferase activity in NCI H157 non-SCLC tumor cells following 24-h treatment with 10 uM of compound.( Values in parentheses are control values)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
AID147601Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
AID94591effect of compound on polyamine biosynthetic enzymes in JURKAT cells using ODC assay1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID215500In vitro growth inhibitory activity against Trypanosoma brucei strain K243 (As-10-3)2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-18, Volume: 11, Issue:12
Novel alkylpolyamine analogues that possess both antitrypanosomal and antimicrosporidial activity.
AID96875Spermidine(SPD) levels in L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with the compound at the dose of 10 uM2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 43, Issue:2
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID99115Compound was evaluated for its impact on spermidine levels after 48 hr at concentration 10 uM1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID200225Inhibition of Inhibition of rat liver form of S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase enzyme (AdoMet-DC)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
AID99099Compound was evaluated for its impact on putrescine (Put) levels after 48 hr at concentration 10 uM1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID80494Cytokinetic effect on H157 non-small-cell lung tumor line (non-SCLC) after 96-h treatment; Cytotoxic at <10 uM2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
AID201173Percent of Spermidine/spermine-N1- acetyltransferase enzyme activity in L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with 10 uM of dose2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID215501In vitro growth inhibitory activity against Trypanosoma brucei strain K2692001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-18, Volume: 11, Issue:12
Novel alkylpolyamine analogues that possess both antitrypanosomal and antimicrosporidial activity.
AID203886Inhibition of spermidine/spermine N1-Acetyltransferase (SSAT) activity1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID98808% of putrescine (PUT) in L1210 cells after 48 hr at 10 uM concentration1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID203889Effect of compound on Spermidine/Spermine N'-Acetyltransferase (SSAT) in L1210 cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 43, Issue:2
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID26881Acid base constant value for N4 atom1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-20, Volume: 39, Issue:26
Polyamine analogue regulation of NMDA MK-801 binding: a structure-activity study.
AID98652effect of compound on polyamine biosynthetic enzymes in L1210 cells using ODC assay1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID215499In vitro growth inhibitory activity against Trypanosoma brucei strain K2432001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-18, Volume: 11, Issue:12
Novel alkylpolyamine analogues that possess both antitrypanosomal and antimicrosporidial activity.
AID97342Effect of compound on the level of putrescine in polyamine pools of L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with 100 uM of dose2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID99116Compound was evaluated for its impact on spermidine levels after 48 hr at concentration 100 uM1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID151016Effect of compound on Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) from mouse kidney in L1210 cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 43, Issue:2
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID96576Inhibition of transport of [3H]spermidine in L1210 cells2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID201172Effect of 10 uM on spermine/spermidine-N-acetyltransferase (SSAT) induction in non-SCLC cells2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
AID44504Number of CD-1 mice died after administration of 325 mg/kg dose of compound; 5/102001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID199303Percent of S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase enzyme activity in L1210 cells after 6 hr of treatment with 1 uM of dose2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID98380In vitro inhibition of L1210 growth after 96 hours.1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID80480BENSpm level in NCI H157 non-SCLC tumor cells following 24-h treatment with 10 uM of compound( Values in parentheses are control values)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
AID94598% of spermine (SPM) in JURKAT cells after 144 hr at 2 uM concentration1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID44513Number of CD-1 mice died in a 6-day course after administration of 200 mg/kg dose of compound; 10/122001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID26614Acid base constant value for N1 atom1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-20, Volume: 39, Issue:26
Polyamine analogue regulation of NMDA MK-801 binding: a structure-activity study.
AID421190Antitumor activity against human MALME-3M cells2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Recent advances in the development of polyamine analogues as antitumor agents.
AID94592% of hypusine (Hpu) in JURKAT cells after 144 hr at 2 uM concentration1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID80482CHENSpm level in NCI H157 non-SCLC tumor cells following 24-h treatment with 10 uM of compound( Values in parentheses are control values)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
AID99128Compound was evaluated for its impact on spermine (Put) levels after 48 hr at concentration 10 uM1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID97359Compound level in L1210 cells after 48 hours of incubation at initial concentration of 100 uM is expressed as nmol/10e6 cells1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID769677Induction of autophagy in human HeLa cells assessed as conversion of LC3-1 protein to LC3-2 protein at 25 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 67Synthetic polyamines activating autophagy: effects on cancer cell death.
AID97321Amount of compound present per 10e6 L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with 10 uM of dose2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID94583% of spermine (SPM) in control cells after 144 hr at 2 uM concentration1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID94596% of spermidine (SPD) in JURKAT cells after 144 hr at 2 uM concentration1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID98812% of spermine (SPM) in L1210 cells after 48 hr at 10 uM concentration1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID97343Effect of compound on the level of putrescine in polyamine pools of L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with 10 uM of dose2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID78587Cytokinetic effects on H82 small-cell lung tumor line (SCLC) after 96-h treatment; Cytostatic at <= 10 uM2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
AID98379In vitro inhibition of L1210 growth after 48 hours.1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID421188Antitumor activity against mouse L1210 cells2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Recent advances in the development of polyamine analogues as antitumor agents.
AID97351Effect of compound on the level of spermidine in polyamine pools of L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with 100 uM of dose2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID94594% of putrescine (PUT) in JURKAT cells after 144 h at 2 uM concentration1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID98487Inhibitory concentration of compound against the growth of the L1210 cell line at 96 hr2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID147602Percent of ornithine decarboxylase enzyme activity in L1210 cells after 4 hr of treatment with 1 uM of dose2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID97887Inhibition of radiolabeled spermidine uptake into L1210 cells in vitro.1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID98651effect of compound on polyamine biosynthetic enzymes in L1210 cells using AdoMetDC assay1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID97352Effect of compound on the level of spermidine in polyamine pools of L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with 10 uM of dose2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID199308Inhibition of S-Adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) activity1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID80355Effect of exposure of H157 non-SCLC (<10 uM) for 96-h, and accumulation of compound was determined2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
AID98318Growth inhibition of L1210 cells was measured in the presence of nine different concentrations: 0,0.03,0.1,0.3,1,3,10,30, and 100 uM after 96 hours2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 43, Issue:2
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID150567Effect of compound on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity expressed as percent of untreated control for ODC (1 uM at 4 h(or 48h))1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID97485Effect of compound on the level of spermine in polyamine pools of L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with 10 uM of dose2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID26648Acid base constant value for N2 atom1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-20, Volume: 39, Issue:26
Polyamine analogue regulation of NMDA MK-801 binding: a structure-activity study.
AID97367Compound level in L1210 cells after 48 hours of incubation at initial concentration of 500 uM is expressed as nmol/10e6 cells1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-14, Volume: 37, Issue:21
Antiproliferative properties of polyamine analogues: a structure-activity study.
AID26863Acid base constant value for N3 atom1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-20, Volume: 39, Issue:26
Polyamine analogue regulation of NMDA MK-801 binding: a structure-activity study.
AID97889Ability to competitively inhibit uptake of radiolabeled spermidine in L1210 cells1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-21, Volume: 39, Issue:13
Metabolically programmed polyamine analogue antidiarrheals.
AID116878Acute toxicity was assessed after ip administration of a single dose of 325 mg/kg to a group of 5 female CD-1 mice1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-21, Volume: 39, Issue:13
Metabolically programmed polyamine analogue antidiarrheals.
AID94582% of spermidine (SPD) in control cells after 144 hr at 2 uM concentration1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID96742Putrescine(PUT) levels in L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with the compound at the dose of 10 uM2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 43, Issue:2
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID199310Effect of compound on rat liver S-Adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase in L1210 cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 43, Issue:2
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID96577Ki was estimated by competitive inhibition of [3H]SPD transport by L1210 cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 43, Issue:2
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID99096inhibitory activity against growth of L1210 cells.1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID97890Activity of compound measured against L1210 cells1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID80488Spermine level in NCI H157 non-SCLC tumor cells following 24-h treatment with 10 uM of compound( Values in parentheses are control values)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
AID769694Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as decrease in cell survival at 25 uM after 24 hrs by trypan blue exclusion assay relative to control2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 67Synthetic polyamines activating autophagy: effects on cancer cell death.
AID704900Induction of SSAT alternative splicing in mouse primary fetal fibroblasts assessed as SSAT-X mRNA at 100 uM by qRT-PCR in presence of CHX relative to total SSAT mRNA2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
The use of novel C-methylated spermidine derivatives to investigate the regulation of polyamine metabolism.
AID27463Half-life period as determined by N-deethylation and stepwise removal of aminopropyl equivalents2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
AID94580% of hypusine (Hpu) in control cells after 144 hr at 2 uM concentration1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID94588competitive inhibition of [3H]SPD transport by JURKAT cells1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID96889Spermine(SPM) levels in L1210 cells after 48 hr of treatment with the compound at the dose of 100 uM2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 43, Issue:2
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID94581% of putrescine (PUT) in control cells after 144 hr at 2 uM concentration1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-24, Volume: 41, Issue:20
Effect of polyamine analogues on hypusine content in JURKAT T-cells.
AID98317Growth inhibition of L1210 cells was measured in the presence of nine different concentrations: 0,0.03,0.1,0.3,1,3,10,30, and 100 uM after 48 hours2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 43, Issue:2
Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives.
AID769695Induction of apoptosis in human HeLa cells assessed as increase in caspase 3/7 activity at 25 uM after 24 hrs by DEVD-based fluorometric analysis2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 67Synthetic polyamines activating autophagy: effects on cancer cell death.
AID80486Spermidine level in NCI H157 non-SCLC tumor cells following 24-h treatment with 10 uM of compound( Values in parentheses are control values)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
AID80484Putrescine level in NCI H157 non-SCLC tumor cells following 24-h treatment with 10 uM of compound( Values in parentheses are control values)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-04, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Terminally alkylated polyamine analogues as chemotherapeutic agents.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (124)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901 (0.81)18.7374
1990's48 (38.71)18.2507
2000's49 (39.52)29.6817
2010's23 (18.55)24.3611
2020's3 (2.42)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.91

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index11.91 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.90 (2.92)
Research Growth Index6.81 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.91)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials5 (3.91%)5.53%
Reviews4 (3.13%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (0.78%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other118 (92.19%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Phase 1/2 Study of DENSPM (N1, N11-diethylnorspermine) in Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma [NCT00081900]Phase 1/Phase 238 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-03-31Terminated(stopped due to This study was terminated early by Genzyme because there were insufficient data to support clinical benefit to HCC patients on the study.)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
adenine
[no description available]		2.61206-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n(1)-acetylspermidine
N(1)-acetylspermidine : An acetylspermidine having the acetyl group at the N1-position.		2.4720acetylspermidineEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite
putrescine
[no description available]		3.71100alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
spermidine
[no description available]		4.26180polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
spermine
[no description available]		11.351135polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		3.72100alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		2.9540nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
methoctramine
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ether;
tetramine		muscarinic antagonist
entinostat
[no description available]		3.1410benzamides;
carbamate ester;
primary amino compound;
pyridines;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
n(1), n(12)-diethylspermine
N(1), N(12)-diethylspermine: structure in first source. N(1),N(12)-diethylspermine : A substituted spermine that is spermine in which a hydrogen attached to each of the primary amino groups has been replaced by an ethyl group.		5.2190polyazaalkane;
secondary amino compound;
substituted spermine;
tetramine		antineoplastic agent
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		2.0110aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		3.1410dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulforaphane
sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.		2.0610isothiocyanate;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		1.9910aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		2.9440pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.0210amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		2.2510aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.0210amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		3.2760antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		2.0510mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.02101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		210acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
cupric chloride
cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.		1.9910copper molecular entity;
inorganic chloride		EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		210metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
melarsen oxide
melarsen oxide: inhibits glutathione reductase		3.110
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		2.4920taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		210beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
n(1),n(14)-bis(ethyl)homospermine
N(1),N(14)-bis(ethyl)homospermine: structure given in first source; depletes polyamines and inhibits the growth of tumor cells in tissue culture		5.54130
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.0210organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
hypusine
hypusine: N-terminal amino alcohol deriv of Lys occurring in bovine brain & in the urine of children with familial hyperlysinemia; minor descriptor (75-82); online & Index Medicus search LYSINE/AA (75-82). hypusine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine bearing a (2R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl substituent at position N(6).		1.9910
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		2.031017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
mdl 27695
MDL 27695: structure given in first source		4.3230
norspermine
3,3,3-tetramine : A polyazaalkane consisting of a 13-membered straight chain alkane with aza-groups at the 1-, 5-, 9- and 13-positions.		1.9910polyazaalkane;
tetramine
s-adenosyl-3-thio-1,8-diaminooctane
S-adenosyl-3-thio-1,8-diaminooctane: structure given in first source		3.110
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		2.021017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
deoxyhypusine
deoxyhypusine : An L-lysine derivative in which the N(6) of the lysine is substituted with a 4-aminobutyl group.		1.9910L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite
n(1)-ethyl-n-(11)-((cyclopropyl)methyl)-4,8-diazaundecane-1,11-diamine
N(1)-ethyl-N-(11)-((cyclopropyl)methyl)-4,8-diazaundecane-1,11-diamine: an inhibitor of spermidine-spermine-N(1)-acetyltransferase & antitumor agent against cultured human lung cancer cells; structure given in first source; RN refers to tetrahydrobromide compound		4.4970
n(1),n(8)-diethylspermidine
N(1),N(8)-diethylspermidine: regulator of ornithine decarboxylase		3.110
tetraphenylphosphonium
tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.		210heteroorganic entity;
phosphorus molecular entity;
polyatomic cation
be 4-4-4-4
BE 4-4-4-4: structure given in first source		4.3560
trichostatin a
trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES		3.1410antibiotic antifungal agent;
hydroxamic acid;
trichostatin		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		2.9140actinomycinmutagen
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		2.1710aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
mdl 72527
MDL 72527: RN given refers to di-HCl; RN for parent cpd not available 6/85; polyamine oxidase inhibitor		2.4220
s-adenosyl-1,12-diamino-3-thio-9-azadodecane
S-adenosyl-1,12-diamino-3-thio-9-azadodecane: structure given in first source		3.110
mtt formazan
MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes		2.4320
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		1.9810organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
casein kinase ii
Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.		2.0610
mitoguazone
Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.		4.0140guanidines;
hydrazone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
deoxyribose
[no description available]		210deoxypentosehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formazans
Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.		2.4320
cgp 48664
4-amidinoindan-1-one 2'-amidinohydrazone: structure given in first source		3.3970
cgc 11047
CGC 11047: may prove useful in promoting regression of choroidal neovascularization		3.1410
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.9540
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.0310
3-methyladenine
N3-methyladenine: structure in first source		2.1710
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		210
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		03.690
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		01.9910
Opportunistic Infections
An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.		02.9210
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		07.86161
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		07.86161
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.0752
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		05.0752
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.5820
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.4620
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.5820
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		03.2660
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		03.2660
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		04.6761
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		04.6761
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		02.1710
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		03.4711
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		03.4711
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		03.4711
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		03.4711
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
[description not available]		02.1310
Chickungunya Fever
[description not available]		02.1310
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola
A highly fatal, acute hemorrhagic fever caused by EBOLAVIRUS.		02.1310
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		02.9740
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.9740
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		02.4220
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		02.4220
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.4220
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		03.1150
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		03.1150
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous
A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)		02.0510
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		02.0510
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.9140
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		02.9140
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		05.65102
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		05.65102
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.4320
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		02.4320
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		02.4320
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		02.7430
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		02.4320
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		02.7430
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		06.31141
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		06.31141
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		03.411
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		05.991
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		05.991
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		02.0310
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		02.0310
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		02.0310
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		02.0410
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		02.0410
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		01.9810
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		01.9810
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		01.9810
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		01.9810
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.3920
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.3920
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		02.3920
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		04.2941
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		04.2941
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		01.9810
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		01.9810
Diathesis
[description not available]		01.9910
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Cryptosporidium Infection
[description not available]		01.9910
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		01.9910
Cryptosporidiosis
Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.		01.9910
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		03.3811
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		03.3811
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		01.9910
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		0210
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		0210
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome
[description not available]		0210
Demyelinating Diseases
Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.		0210
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.9110
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		0210
Pyrexia
[description not available]		03.3911
Emesis
[description not available]		03.3911
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		03.3911
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		03.3911
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		03.3911