Compounds > acronine
Page last updated: 2024-11-08

acronine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Acronine: A pyrano-acridone alkaloid found in RUTACEAE plants. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

acronycine : An alkaloid antineoplastic agent isolated from Acronychia baueri. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

FloraRankFlora DefinitionFamilyFamily Definition
Acronychiagenus[no description available]RutaceaeA plant family in the order Sapindales that grows in warmer regions and has conspicuous flowers.[MeSH]
RutaceaefamilyA plant family in the order Sapindales that grows in warmer regions and has conspicuous flowers.[MeSH]RutaceaeA plant family in the order Sapindales that grows in warmer regions and has conspicuous flowers.[MeSH]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID345512
CHEMBL ID285852
CHEBI ID2437
SCHEMBL ID11499
MeSH IDM0000264

Synonyms (54)

Synonym
7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one, 3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-
NCI60_003795
3,3,12-trimethyl-6-(methyloxy)-3,12-dihydro-7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-3,12-dihydro-7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
CHEBI:2437 ,
nci-c01536
acromycine
6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
NSC403169 ,
7h-pyrano(2,3-c)acridin-7-one, 3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl
compound 42339
3,6,12-trimethyl-7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
3,3,12-trimethyl-7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
nsc 403169
mls003171532 ,
7h-pyrano[2, 3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-
nsc-403169
7h-pyrano(2,3-c)acridin-7-one, 3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-
3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-7h-pyrano(2,3-c)acridin-7-one
acronine [usan:inn]
acronina [inn-spanish]
hsdb 7073
3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-6,6,12-trimethyl-7h-pyrano(2,3-c)acridin-7-one
acroninum [inn-latin]
brn 0312954
ccris 6
acronine
7008-42-6
acronycine
acronine (tn)
acronine (usan/inn)
D02378
CHEMBL285852
6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethylpyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
smr001875415
qe0g097358 ,
unii-qe0g097358
4-27-00-03622 (beilstein handbook reference)
acronina
acroninum
SCHEMBL11499
compound-42339
acronine [usan]
acronine [inn]
acronine [hsdb]
7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one,3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-
SMPZPKRDRQOOHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
DTXSID0020026
bdbm50480253
3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-7h -pyrano-[2,3-c]acridine-7-one
Q15633955
AKOS040740281
acronycine (acronine)

Research Excerpts

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Combination of the acronycine pharmacophore with various sugar units appeared of interest, since numerous anticancer agents possess a sugar moiety, which strongly influence both their bioavailability and their selective toxicity towards tumor cells."( Synthesis and anti-proliferative activity of 2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine glycosides.
Atassi, G; Koch, M; Mitaku, S; Pierré, A; Rolland, Y; Skaltsounis, AL; Tillequin, F, 1996)		0.29
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
antineoplastic agentA substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
metaboliteAny intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
acridone derivativesAny cyclic ketone that is derived from acridone.
alkaloidAny of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (41)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID265925Antiproliferative activity against mouse L1210 cell line by MTT assay2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 49, Issue:11
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[a]pyrano[3,2-h]acridin-7-one analogues of acronycine.
AID1170198Induction of cell cycle arrest in mouse L1210 cells assessed as accumulation at S phase at 5 uM incubated for 21 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry (Rvb = 32%)2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 57, Issue:24
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[b]chromeno[6,5-g][1,8]naphthyridin-7-one analogs of acronycine.
AID54438In vitro inhibition of calf thymus DNA/ethidium bromide complex formation.2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID538298Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH free radical scavenging activity2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 45, Issue:11
Structure-activity relationship studies of acridones as potential antipsoriatic agents. 2. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 10-substituted hydroxy-10H-acridin-9-ones against human keratinocyte growth.
AID85756In vitro cytotoxic activity against human colon HT-29 cell line2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID538295Antiproliferative activity against human HaCaT cells assessed as dispersed cells after 48 hrs by phase-contrast microscopic analysis2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 45, Issue:11
Structure-activity relationship studies of acridones as potential antipsoriatic agents. 2. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 10-substituted hydroxy-10H-acridin-9-ones against human keratinocyte growth.
AID50574Compound was tested for antitumor activity against colon 38 adenocarcinoma cells at the dose of 200 mg/kg ip.1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 39, Issue:24
Synthesis and cytotoxic and antitumor activity of esters in the 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine series.
AID8290In vitro cytotoxic activity against human lung A549 cell line)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID98539Compound was tested in vitro for cytotoxicity on L1210 leukemic cells by using MTT assay.1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 39, Issue:24
Synthesis and cytotoxic and antitumor activity of esters in the 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine series.
AID344960Cytotoxicity against human KB-3-1 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22
Synthesis, cytotoxic activity, and mechanism of action of furo[2,3-c]acridin-6-one and benzo[b]furo[3,2-h]acridin-6-one analogues of psorospermin and acronycine.
AID397122Inhibition of HIV1 RT
AID1170199Induction of 117-bp DNA (unknown origin) alkylation incubated for 5 mins to 24 hrs by gel shift assay2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 57, Issue:24
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[b]chromeno[6,5-g][1,8]naphthyridin-7-one analogs of acronycine.
AID399706Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by MMT assay1998Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 61, Issue:2
Synthesis and biological activity of esters in the trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine series.
AID265932Alkylation of DNA at 50 uM by gel shift assay2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 49, Issue:11
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[a]pyrano[3,2-h]acridin-7-one analogues of acronycine.
AID422022Antitumor activity against mouse P388 cells xenografted in B6D2F1 mouse assessed as median survival at 200 mg/kg, ip relative to control2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Antitumor psoropermum xanthones and sarcomelicope acridones: privileged structures implied in DNA alkylation.
AID54441In vitro calf thymus DNA binding affinity by ethidium bromide displacement2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-03, Volume: 12, Issue:11
Design and synthesis of some new pyranoxanthenone aminoderivatives with cytotoxic activity.
AID1351964Cell cycle arrest in mouse L1210 cells assessed accumulation of cells at G2/M phase at 50 uM after 21 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 145Substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines: synthesis, characterization, antitumor activity and other biological properties.
AID84546In vitro cytotoxic activity against human colon HRT-18 cell line2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID1351949Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by coulter counter method2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 145Substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines: synthesis, characterization, antitumor activity and other biological properties.
AID422017Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Antitumor psoropermum xanthones and sarcomelicope acridones: privileged structures implied in DNA alkylation.
AID399713Antitumor activity against mouse P388 cells implanted in B6D2F1 mouse assessed as median survival time at 200 mg/kg, ip relative to control1998Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 61, Issue:2
Synthesis and biological activity of esters in the trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine series.
AID121534Optimal therapeutic effect without toxicity in mice inoculated ip with P388 cells on day 0 with 200 mg/kg ip of compound on day 12000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 43, Issue:12
Synthesis and cytotoxic and antitumor activity of benzo[b]pyrano[3, 2-h]acridin-7-one analogues of acronycine.
AID1170197Cytotoxicity against human KB-3-1 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 57, Issue:24
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[b]chromeno[6,5-g][1,8]naphthyridin-7-one analogs of acronycine.
AID94420In vitro inhibition of L1210 cell proliferation.2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 43, Issue:12
Synthesis and cytotoxic and antitumor activity of benzo[b]pyrano[3, 2-h]acridin-7-one analogues of acronycine.
AID80389In vitro cytotoxic activity against human colon HCT116 cell line2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID84475Inhibitory concentration of compound against proliferation of colon carcinoma HT-29 cell line2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-03, Volume: 12, Issue:11
Design and synthesis of some new pyranoxanthenone aminoderivatives with cytotoxic activity.
AID265926Antiproliferative activity against human KB-3-1 cell line by MTT assay2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 49, Issue:11
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[a]pyrano[3,2-h]acridin-7-one analogues of acronycine.
AID152502Compound was tested for antitumor activity against P388 leukemia cells at the dose of 200 mg/kg ip.1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 39, Issue:24
Synthesis and cytotoxic and antitumor activity of esters in the 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine series.
AID357846Binding affinity to yeast tRNA assessed as reduction in tRNA peak by pre-incubation method
AID96475In vitro cytotoxic activity against murine leukemia cell line L12102002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID357845Binding affinity to calf thymus DNA assessed as reduction in DNA peak by pre-incubation method
AID344961Cell cycle arrest in mouse L1210 cells assessed as accumulation at G2M phase at 50 uM after 21 hrs2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22
Synthesis, cytotoxic activity, and mechanism of action of furo[2,3-c]acridin-6-one and benzo[b]furo[3,2-h]acridin-6-one analogues of psorospermin and acronycine.
AID98355Inhibitory concentration of compound against proliferation of murine leukemia L1210 cell line2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-03, Volume: 12, Issue:11
Design and synthesis of some new pyranoxanthenone aminoderivatives with cytotoxic activity.
AID9065Inhibitory concentration of compound against proliferation of lung carcinoma A549 cell line2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-03, Volume: 12, Issue:11
Design and synthesis of some new pyranoxanthenone aminoderivatives with cytotoxic activity.
AID101659In vitro cytotoxic activity against human breast MDA-MB-231 cell line; NT is not tested2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID89338Ability to inhibit human leukemic HL-60 cell growth in culture1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-10, Volume: 35, Issue:14
Synthesis of the acridone alkaloids glyfoline and congeners. Structure-activity relationship studies of cytotoxic acridones.
AID344959Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22
Synthesis, cytotoxic activity, and mechanism of action of furo[2,3-c]acridin-6-one and benzo[b]furo[3,2-h]acridin-6-one analogues of psorospermin and acronycine.
AID379098Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by MMT assay1999Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 62, Issue:3
Chiral dihydroxylation of acronycine: absolute configuration of natural cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine and cytotoxicity of (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-1,2-diacetoxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine.
AID538296Cytotoxicity against human HaCaT cells assessed as LDH release at 2 uM after 4 hrs by UV method2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 45, Issue:11
Structure-activity relationship studies of acridones as potential antipsoriatic agents. 2. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 10-substituted hydroxy-10H-acridin-9-ones against human keratinocyte growth.
AID1170196Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 57, Issue:24
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[b]chromeno[6,5-g][1,8]naphthyridin-7-one analogs of acronycine.
AID422026Antitumor activity against human Colon 38 cells xenografted in B6D2F1 mouse assessed as tumor growth at 200 mg/kg, ip relative to control2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Antitumor psoropermum xanthones and sarcomelicope acridones: privileged structures implied in DNA alkylation.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (83)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199018 (21.69)18.7374
1990's13 (15.66)18.2507
2000's41 (49.40)29.6817
2010's11 (13.25)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 21.72

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index21.72 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.53 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.61 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index23.28 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (21.72)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews13 (14.13%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other79 (85.87%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
benzene
[no description available]		3.1210aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
cadaverine
[no description available]		1.9510alkane-alpha,omega-diamineDaphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		2.0210amino-acid anion
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		2.0610isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acridone
acridone : A member of the class of acridines that is 9,10-dihydroacridine substituted by an oxo group at position 9.		2.4420acridines;
cyclic ketone
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		2.0510anthracenesantipsoriatic
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.		2.0310ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite
caffeine
[no description available]		2.0510purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
ellipticine
ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.		3.7930indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
polycyclic heteroarene		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		1.9610dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		2.4120dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		3.4620benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
thymidine
[no description available]		2.3720pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		3.05103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		1.9610aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
uridine
[no description available]		2.6530uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		210pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		1.9810amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytarabine
[no description available]		1.9510beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		2.4220xanthene
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		2.0610mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		3.72100acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
thiazoles
[no description available]		3.47201,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
apocodeine
apocodeine: monomethyl ether of apomorphine; used as expectorant, hypnotic, & cathartic; RN refers to (R)-isomer; structure		1.9610
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.		2.0110diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide		EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.520delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		3.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
fenclozic acid
fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.0510
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		3.0510aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		3.0810taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		2.0410beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
fagaronine
fagaronine: structure		1.9910benzophenanthridine alkaloidmutagen
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		210organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		2.4220phenanthroline
clidanac
clidanac: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line search INDENES & CYCLOHEXANES (71-74) & INDANS (75-89); INDEX MEDICUS search INDENES (71-89)		3.0510organic molecular entity
psorospermin
psorospermin: from Psorospermum febrifugum (Clusiaceae); some evidence it alkylates Gua N7 of DNA. psorospermin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,2-dihydro-6H-furo[2,3-c]xanthene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 10, a methoxy group at position 5 nad a 2-methyloxiran-2-yl group at position 2.		4.0640epoxide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
xanthones		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		2.0410
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		3.0810alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
glycosides
[no description available]		1.9910
thioacridone
thioacridone: structure		2.4320acridines
maytansine
Maytansine: An ansa macrolide isolated from the MAYTENUS genus of East African shrubs.. maytansine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound and 19-membered macrocyclic lactam antibiotic originally isolated from the Ethiopian shrub Maytenus serrata but also found in other Maytenus species. It exhibits cytotoxicity against many tumour cell lines.		3.0810alpha-amino acid ester;
carbamate ester;
epoxide;
maytansinoid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organochlorine compound		antimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		1.9610cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
rd6 5071
[no description available]		2.0510acridines
glyfoline
glyfoline: structure given in first source; isolated from Glycosmis citrifolia		1.9810
ergoline
Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.		1.9610diamine;
ergoline alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound
lergotrile
lergotrile: RN given refers to parent cpd(8beta)-isomer		1.9610organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
2,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-9h-xanthen-9-one
2,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one: from the root bark of Cudrania tricuspidata; structure in first source. cudratricusxanthone A : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 6 and 8, an isoprenyl group at position 1 and a 2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl group at position 5. It is isolated from the root barks of Cudrania tricuspidata and exhibits cytotoxicity towards human cancer cell lines.		3.1410polyphenol;
xanthones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite
podophyllin
Podophyllin: Caustic extract from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi. It contains PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and its congeners and is very irritating to mucous membranes and skin. Podophyllin is a violent purgative that may cause CNS damage and teratogenesis. It is used as a paint for warts, skin neoplasms, and senile keratoses.		3.0810
guanine
[no description available]		3.52202-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.730
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		02.6530
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.730
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		04.2170
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		02.6830
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.420
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.420
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		02.0510
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		02.0510
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		02.4620
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.7130
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4620
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.7130
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		02.1710
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		02.1710
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.8320
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		03.8320
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.6330
Kaposi Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
A rare, pigmentary, and atrophic autosomal recessive disease. It is manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA.		02.0510
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		01.9610
Emesis
[description not available]		01.9610
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		01.9610
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		06.9610
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		01.9610
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		01.9610
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		03.3320
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		02.0110
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.0110
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		02.0110
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		01.9510
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		01.9810
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		01.9810
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		01.9810
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		01.9810