Page last updated: 2024-09-27

acronine

Description

Acronine: A pyrano-acridone alkaloid found in RUTACEAE plants. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

acronycine : An alkaloid antineoplastic agent isolated from Acronychia baueri. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

FloraRankFlora DefinitionFamilyFamily Definition
Acronychiagenus[no description available]RutaceaeA plant family in the order Sapindales that grows in warmer regions and has conspicuous flowers.[MeSH]
RutaceaefamilyA plant family in the order Sapindales that grows in warmer regions and has conspicuous flowers.[MeSH]RutaceaeA plant family in the order Sapindales that grows in warmer regions and has conspicuous flowers.[MeSH]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID345512
CHEMBL ID285852
CHEBI ID2437
SCHEMBL ID11499
MeSH IDM0000264

Synonyms (54)

Synonym
7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one, 3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-
NCI60_003795
3,3,12-trimethyl-6-(methyloxy)-3,12-dihydro-7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-3,12-dihydro-7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
CHEBI:2437 ,
nci-c01536
acromycine
6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
NSC403169 ,
7h-pyrano(2,3-c)acridin-7-one, 3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl
compound 42339
3,6,12-trimethyl-7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
3,3,12-trimethyl-7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
nsc 403169
mls003171532 ,
7h-pyrano[2, 3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-
nsc-403169
7h-pyrano(2,3-c)acridin-7-one, 3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-
3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-7h-pyrano(2,3-c)acridin-7-one
acronine [usan:inn]
acronina [inn-spanish]
hsdb 7073
3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-6,6,12-trimethyl-7h-pyrano(2,3-c)acridin-7-one
acroninum [inn-latin]
brn 0312954
ccris 6
acronine
7008-42-6
acronycine
acronine (tn)
acronine (usan/inn)
D02378
CHEMBL285852
6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethylpyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one
smr001875415
qe0g097358 ,
unii-qe0g097358
4-27-00-03622 (beilstein handbook reference)
acronina
acroninum
SCHEMBL11499
compound-42339
acronine [usan]
acronine [inn]
acronine [hsdb]
7h-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one,3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-
SMPZPKRDRQOOHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
DTXSID0020026
bdbm50480253
3,12-dihydro-6-methoxy-3,3,12-trimethyl-7h -pyrano-[2,3-c]acridine-7-one
Q15633955
AKOS040740281
acronycine (acronine)

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
antineoplastic agentA substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
metaboliteAny intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
acridone derivativesAny cyclic ketone that is derived from acridone.
alkaloidAny of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (41)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID265925Antiproliferative activity against mouse L1210 cell line by MTT assay2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 49, Issue:11
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[a]pyrano[3,2-h]acridin-7-one analogues of acronycine.
AID1170198Induction of cell cycle arrest in mouse L1210 cells assessed as accumulation at S phase at 5 uM incubated for 21 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry (Rvb = 32%)2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 57, Issue:24
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[b]chromeno[6,5-g][1,8]naphthyridin-7-one analogs of acronycine.
AID54438In vitro inhibition of calf thymus DNA/ethidium bromide complex formation.2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID538298Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH free radical scavenging activity2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 45, Issue:11
Structure-activity relationship studies of acridones as potential antipsoriatic agents. 2. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 10-substituted hydroxy-10H-acridin-9-ones against human keratinocyte growth.
AID85756In vitro cytotoxic activity against human colon HT-29 cell line2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID538295Antiproliferative activity against human HaCaT cells assessed as dispersed cells after 48 hrs by phase-contrast microscopic analysis2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 45, Issue:11
Structure-activity relationship studies of acridones as potential antipsoriatic agents. 2. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 10-substituted hydroxy-10H-acridin-9-ones against human keratinocyte growth.
AID50574Compound was tested for antitumor activity against colon 38 adenocarcinoma cells at the dose of 200 mg/kg ip.1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 39, Issue:24
Synthesis and cytotoxic and antitumor activity of esters in the 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine series.
AID8290In vitro cytotoxic activity against human lung A549 cell line)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID98539Compound was tested in vitro for cytotoxicity on L1210 leukemic cells by using MTT assay.1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 39, Issue:24
Synthesis and cytotoxic and antitumor activity of esters in the 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine series.
AID344960Cytotoxicity against human KB-3-1 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22
Synthesis, cytotoxic activity, and mechanism of action of furo[2,3-c]acridin-6-one and benzo[b]furo[3,2-h]acridin-6-one analogues of psorospermin and acronycine.
AID397122Inhibition of HIV1 RT
AID1170199Induction of 117-bp DNA (unknown origin) alkylation incubated for 5 mins to 24 hrs by gel shift assay2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 57, Issue:24
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[b]chromeno[6,5-g][1,8]naphthyridin-7-one analogs of acronycine.
AID399706Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by MMT assay1998Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 61, Issue:2
Synthesis and biological activity of esters in the trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine series.
AID265932Alkylation of DNA at 50 uM by gel shift assay2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 49, Issue:11
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[a]pyrano[3,2-h]acridin-7-one analogues of acronycine.
AID422022Antitumor activity against mouse P388 cells xenografted in B6D2F1 mouse assessed as median survival at 200 mg/kg, ip relative to control2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Antitumor psoropermum xanthones and sarcomelicope acridones: privileged structures implied in DNA alkylation.
AID54441In vitro calf thymus DNA binding affinity by ethidium bromide displacement2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-03, Volume: 12, Issue:11
Design and synthesis of some new pyranoxanthenone aminoderivatives with cytotoxic activity.
AID1351964Cell cycle arrest in mouse L1210 cells assessed accumulation of cells at G2/M phase at 50 uM after 21 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 145Substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines: synthesis, characterization, antitumor activity and other biological properties.
AID84546In vitro cytotoxic activity against human colon HRT-18 cell line2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID1351949Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by coulter counter method2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 145Substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines: synthesis, characterization, antitumor activity and other biological properties.
AID422017Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Antitumor psoropermum xanthones and sarcomelicope acridones: privileged structures implied in DNA alkylation.
AID399713Antitumor activity against mouse P388 cells implanted in B6D2F1 mouse assessed as median survival time at 200 mg/kg, ip relative to control1998Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 61, Issue:2
Synthesis and biological activity of esters in the trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine series.
AID121534Optimal therapeutic effect without toxicity in mice inoculated ip with P388 cells on day 0 with 200 mg/kg ip of compound on day 12000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 43, Issue:12
Synthesis and cytotoxic and antitumor activity of benzo[b]pyrano[3, 2-h]acridin-7-one analogues of acronycine.
AID1170197Cytotoxicity against human KB-3-1 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 57, Issue:24
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[b]chromeno[6,5-g][1,8]naphthyridin-7-one analogs of acronycine.
AID94420In vitro inhibition of L1210 cell proliferation.2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 43, Issue:12
Synthesis and cytotoxic and antitumor activity of benzo[b]pyrano[3, 2-h]acridin-7-one analogues of acronycine.
AID80389In vitro cytotoxic activity against human colon HCT116 cell line2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID84475Inhibitory concentration of compound against proliferation of colon carcinoma HT-29 cell line2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-03, Volume: 12, Issue:11
Design and synthesis of some new pyranoxanthenone aminoderivatives with cytotoxic activity.
AID265926Antiproliferative activity against human KB-3-1 cell line by MTT assay2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 49, Issue:11
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[a]pyrano[3,2-h]acridin-7-one analogues of acronycine.
AID152502Compound was tested for antitumor activity against P388 leukemia cells at the dose of 200 mg/kg ip.1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 39, Issue:24
Synthesis and cytotoxic and antitumor activity of esters in the 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine series.
AID357846Binding affinity to yeast tRNA assessed as reduction in tRNA peak by pre-incubation method
AID96475In vitro cytotoxic activity against murine leukemia cell line L12102002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID357845Binding affinity to calf thymus DNA assessed as reduction in DNA peak by pre-incubation method
AID344961Cell cycle arrest in mouse L1210 cells assessed as accumulation at G2M phase at 50 uM after 21 hrs2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22
Synthesis, cytotoxic activity, and mechanism of action of furo[2,3-c]acridin-6-one and benzo[b]furo[3,2-h]acridin-6-one analogues of psorospermin and acronycine.
AID98355Inhibitory concentration of compound against proliferation of murine leukemia L1210 cell line2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-03, Volume: 12, Issue:11
Design and synthesis of some new pyranoxanthenone aminoderivatives with cytotoxic activity.
AID9065Inhibitory concentration of compound against proliferation of lung carcinoma A549 cell line2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-03, Volume: 12, Issue:11
Design and synthesis of some new pyranoxanthenone aminoderivatives with cytotoxic activity.
AID101659In vitro cytotoxic activity against human breast MDA-MB-231 cell line; NT is not tested2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-06, Volume: 45, Issue:12
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative activity of some new pyrazole-fused amino derivatives of the pyranoxanthenone, pyranothioxanthenone, and pyranoacridone ring systems: a new class of cytotoxic agents.
AID89338Ability to inhibit human leukemic HL-60 cell growth in culture1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-10, Volume: 35, Issue:14
Synthesis of the acridone alkaloids glyfoline and congeners. Structure-activity relationship studies of cytotoxic acridones.
AID344959Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22
Synthesis, cytotoxic activity, and mechanism of action of furo[2,3-c]acridin-6-one and benzo[b]furo[3,2-h]acridin-6-one analogues of psorospermin and acronycine.
AID379098Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by MMT assay1999Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 62, Issue:3
Chiral dihydroxylation of acronycine: absolute configuration of natural cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine and cytotoxicity of (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-1,2-diacetoxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine.
AID538296Cytotoxicity against human HaCaT cells assessed as LDH release at 2 uM after 4 hrs by UV method2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 45, Issue:11
Structure-activity relationship studies of acridones as potential antipsoriatic agents. 2. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 10-substituted hydroxy-10H-acridin-9-ones against human keratinocyte growth.
AID1170196Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 57, Issue:24
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of benzo[b]chromeno[6,5-g][1,8]naphthyridin-7-one analogs of acronycine.
AID422026Antitumor activity against human Colon 38 cells xenografted in B6D2F1 mouse assessed as tumor growth at 200 mg/kg, ip relative to control2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Antitumor psoropermum xanthones and sarcomelicope acridones: privileged structures implied in DNA alkylation.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (83)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199018 (21.69)18.7374
1990's13 (15.66)18.2507
2000's41 (49.40)29.6817
2010's11 (13.25)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews13 (14.13%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other79 (85.87%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research Highlights

Safety/Toxicity (1)

ArticleYear
Chiral dihydroxylation of acronycine: absolute configuration of natural cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine and cytotoxicity of (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-1,2-diacetoxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine.
Journal of natural products, Volume: 62, Issue: 3
1999
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Pharmacokinetics (1)

ArticleYear
Antitumor activity and murine pharmacokinetics of parenteral acronycine.
Cancer research, Jan-15, Volume: 49, Issue: 2
1989
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioavailability (2)

ArticleYear
Synthesis and anti-proliferative activity of 2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine glycosides.
Pharmaceutical research, Volume: 13, Issue: 6
1996
Antitumor activity and murine pharmacokinetics of parenteral acronycine.
Cancer research, Jan-15, Volume: 49, Issue: 2
1989
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Natural Sources (1)

ArticleYear
Alkylation of guanine in DNA by S23906-1, a novel potent antitumor compound derived from the plant alkaloid acronycine.
Biochemistry, Aug-06, Volume: 41, Issue: 31
2002
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]