diphyllin profile

Diphyllin is a naturally occurring compound found in the plant *Diphylleia cymosa*. It has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects, particularly in relation to inflammation, cancer, and neurological disorders. Diphyllin has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Additionally, it has demonstrated anticancer properties, potentially by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. The compound's effects are thought to be mediated through its interaction with various cellular pathways and targets, including the inhibition of enzymes like cyclooxygenase (COX) and the activation of specific signaling pathways. Diphyllin's potential therapeutic benefits and unique pharmacological properties have fueled ongoing research into its potential as a drug candidate. Further investigation is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and its safety profile before it can be utilized clinically.'

diphyllin: extract of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb), a highly poisonous plant; do not confuse with diphyllin or diphylline which is the main heading AMINOPHYLLINE; do not confuse with the theophylline derivative DYPHYLLINE [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Related Flora

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Cleistanthus	genus	[no description available]	Phyllanthaceae	[no description available]
Cleistanthus collinus	species	[no description available]	Phyllanthaceae	[no description available]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	100492
CHEMBL ID	221190
CHEBI ID	4645
SCHEMBL ID	1061765
MeSH ID	M0055419

Synonym
nsc309691
nsc-309691
OPREA1_135417
OPREA1_318204
diphyllin
22055-22-7
MLS000106853 ,
smr000111229
chebi:4645 ,
CHEMBL221190
9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-3h-benzo[f][2]benzofuran-1-one
AKOS000620412
HMS1607M09
HMS2469A22
w4pn5ldp26 ,
nsc 309691
9-(13-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxynaphtho(2,3-c)furan-1(3h)-one
unii-w4pn5ldp26
naphtho(2,3-c)furan-1(3h)-one, 9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-
naphtho(2,3-c)furan-1(3h)-one, 4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-9-(3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl)-
CCG-111892
SCHEMBL1061765
9-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxynaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3h)-one
9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-4-hydroxynaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3h)-one
cid_100492
9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-3h-benz[f]isobenzofuran-1-one
9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-6,7-dimethoxy-4-oxidanyl-3h-benzo[f][2]benzofuran-1-one
9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-3h-benzo[f]isobenzofuran-1-one
bdbm64979
naphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3h)-one, 9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-
9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxynaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3h)-one #
4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-9-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-naphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3h)-one
DTXSID20176534
diphyllin, >=98% (hplc)
np195
FT-0701233
Q27106426
CS-0022803
9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxynaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3h)-one; nsc 309691
9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxynaphtho(2,3-c)furan-1(3h)-one
MS-26214
HY-N2532
XAA05522
EX-A3532
AC-34764
E80737

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Diphyllin is a natural arylnaphtalide lignan extracted from tropical plants of particular importance in traditional Chinese medicine. "	( Diphyllin Shows a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity against Multiple Medically Important Enveloped RNA and DNA Viruses. Bartáček, J; Bhosale, DS; Dufková, L; Eyer, L; Fojtíková, M; Haviernik, J; Huvarová, I; Miller, AD; Růžek, D; Salát, J; Sedlák, M; Štefánik, M; Straková, P; Svoboda, J, 2022)	3.61
"Diphyllin is a natural component of traditional Chinese medicine, which effectively inhibits V-ATPase activity and affects the progression of cancer. "	( Effects of diphyllin as a novel V-ATPase inhibitor on TE-1 and ECA-109 cells. Chen, H; Gao, Y; Li, X; Liu, P; Shen, W; Shen, X; Zhang, T; Zhang, Y, 2018)	2.31

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" It is markedly less toxic than podophyllotoxin (IC (50) : 13 - 61 nM), but exhibits tumoricidal effects close to those of etoposide."	( Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux by eudesmin from Haplophyllum perforatum and cytotoxicity pattern versus diphyllin, podophyllotoxin and etoposide. Akhmedjanova, V; Balansard, G; Barthomeuf, C; Beliveau, R; Debiton, E; Grassi, J; Lim, S, 2007)	0.55

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Even if its reversal activity is insufficient for clinical application, its capacity to accumulate [(3)H]-vinblastine in MDCK/MDR1 and MCF7/Dox cells suggests that eudesmin may positively affect the bioavailability and, thereby, the therapeutic potency of anticancer drugs in Pgp-overexpressing cells."	( Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux by eudesmin from Haplophyllum perforatum and cytotoxicity pattern versus diphyllin, podophyllotoxin and etoposide. Akhmedjanova, V; Balansard, G; Barthomeuf, C; Beliveau, R; Debiton, E; Grassi, J; Lim, S, 2007)	0.55
" The sugar moieties of DG enhance bioavailability and pharmacological activities."	( Antiviral, Anticancer and Hypotensive Potential of Diphyllin Glycosides and their Mechanisms of Action. Nekrakalaya, B; Ramaiah, CK, 2022)	0.97

Class	Description
lignan	Any phenylpropanoid derived from phenylalanine via dimerization of substituted cinnamic alcohols, known as monolignols, to a dibenzylbutane skeleton. Note that while individual members of the class have names ending ...lignane, ...lignene, ...lignadiene, etc., the class names lignan, neolignan, etc., do not end with an "e".
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
diphyllin biosynthesis	0	4

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.1778	14.3909	39.8107	AID2147
acid sphingomyelinase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	14.1254	24.0613	39.8107	AID504937
glp-1 receptor, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.9433	0.0184	6.8060	14.1254	AID624417
thioredoxin reductase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	12.5893	0.1000	20.8793	79.4328	AID588453
BRCA1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.9811	0.8913	7.7225	25.1189	AID624202
ClpP	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	21.1546	1.9953	22.6730	39.8107	AID651965
ATAD5 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.0929	0.0041	10.8903	31.5287	AID504467
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.6310	0.0316	37.5844	354.8130	AID743255
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.5500	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978; AID686979
Smad3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.0052	7.8098	29.0929	AID588855
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.0112	12.4002	100.0000	AID1030
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	32.6049	6.3096	27.0990	79.4328	AID602179; AID623995; AID624002
67.9K protein	Vaccinia virus	Potency	8.9125	0.0001	8.4406	100.0000	AID720579; AID720580
IDH1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.5119	0.0052	10.8652	35.4813	AID686970
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0018	15.6638	39.8107	AID894
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.0929	0.0041	9.9848	25.9290	AID504444
huntingtin isoform 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.2387	0.0006	18.4198	1,122.0200	AID1688
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	5.8048	36.1306	65.1308	AID540263
urokinase-type plasminogen activator isoform 1 preproprotein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7362	3.6898	3.6898	3.6898	AID720519
snurportin-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	5.8048	36.1306	65.1308	AID540263
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	0.8913	0.1585	5.2879	12.5893	AID540303
plasminogen precursor	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	0.8913	0.1585	5.2879	12.5893	AID540303
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	0.8913	0.1585	5.2879	12.5893	AID540303
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	10.0000	0.0079	8.2332	1,122.0200	AID2551
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	16.1547	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID624296; AID624297
lethal factor (plasmid)	Bacillus anthracis str. A2012	Potency	0.0350	0.0200	10.7869	31.6228	AID912; AID942
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	8.9125	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1487
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.0000	0.0158	12.3113	615.5000	AID1461
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.5893	0.3162	12.7657	31.6228	AID881
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.0119	4.4668	8.3448	10.0000	AID624291
Histamine H2 receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Potency	12.5893	0.0063	8.2350	39.8107	AID881
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.2202	1.9953	25.5327	50.1187	AID624287
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.9620	0.0374	2.9340	8.9620	AID624394
nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	67.5540	0.1343	0.8646	2.1450	AID687017
steroidogenic factor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	67.5540	1.8730	2.9295	3.9860	AID687018
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]	Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (Herpes simplex virus type 1)	IC50 (µMol)	2.3000	0.9460	4.7016	9.4870	AID624395
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
heat shock protein 90	Candida albicans	EC50 (µMol)	2.2120	0.1200	6.4855	33.8530	AID2423
glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	4.4210	0.2125	22.1562	83.9400	AID434954
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
lipid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
prostate gland development	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of epithelial cell differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine production	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell cycle	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of growth	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
hepoxilin biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
endocannabinoid signaling pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
cannabinoid biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxin A4 biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid oxidation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone-mediated signaling pathway	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of signaling receptor activity	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid gland development	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
luteinizing hormone secretion	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
organ growth	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of organ growth	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
follicle-stimulating hormone secretion	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone generation	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
renal water homeostasis	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucagon stimulus	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
iron ion binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone activity	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
follicle-stimulating hormone activity	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein activity	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase activator activity	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleus	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeleton	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
adherens junction	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi lumen	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
follicle-stimulating hormone complex	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
pituitary gonadotropin complex	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (73)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1745849	Viability Counterscreen for CMV-Luciferase Assay of Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1745848	Confirmatory qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1745850	Viability Counterscreen for Confirmatory qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1745847	CMV-Luciferase Counterscreen for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID450336	Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis anthrax protective antigen binding to TEM8-expressing CHO cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID450338	Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis anthrax proteolytic protective antigen processing in TEM2 expressing CHO cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID338892	Antiinflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as effect on TNFalpha formation at 30 uM pretreated 1 hr before LPS challenge measured after 24 hrs	2002	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Potent cytotoxic lignans from Justicia procumbens and their effects on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in mouse macrophages.
AID1237469	Inhibition of V-ATPase in human HepG2 cells assessed as release of phosphate at 15 to 60 nM after 48 hrs by colorimetric assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Synthesis and bioevaluation of heterocyclic derivatives of Cleistanthin-A.
AID1873239	Inhibition of V-ATPase in bovine chromaffin granules incubated for 1 hrs by absorbance based assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	Recent advances in natural anti-obesity compounds and derivatives based on in vivo evidence: A mini-review.
AID450341	Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis anthrax protective antigen-dependent lethal factor binding in CMG2 expressing CHO cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID403988	Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus in mouse 3T3-L1 cells at 273 nM	1998	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11	Antiviral activity of lignans.
AID1237467	Inhibition of V-ATPase in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in lysosomal pH at 1 uM after 48 hrs by LysoTracker Red staining-based confocal microscopic analysis relative to control	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 23, Issue:15	Synthesis and bioevaluation of heterocyclic derivatives of Cleistanthin-A.
AID634823	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B and MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel glycosylated diphyllin derivatives as topoisomerase II inhibitors.
AID1392191	Resistance index, ratio of IC50 for human K/VP.5 cells to IC50 for human etoposide-sensitive K562 cells	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-15, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of derivatives of the phyllanthusmin class of arylnaphthalene lignan lactones.
AID1377181	Antiviral activity against HIV1 virions derived from HIV/VSG-G or HIV/HA virions infected 293T cells using human A549 cells as target cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication using compound pre-mixed virions followed by incubation with target cel	2017	Journal of natural products, 06-23, Volume: 80, Issue:6	Potent Inhibitor of Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Strains Identified from the Medicinal Plant Justicia gendarussa.
AID634826	Resistance index, ratio of IC50 for adriamycin-selected multi drug-resistant human K562 cells to IC50 for human K562 cells	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel glycosylated diphyllin derivatives as topoisomerase II inhibitors.
AID1873266	Anti-obesity activity in male C57BL/6 mouse model of high-fat diet induced obesity assessed as body weight change at 100 mg/kg, po administered once a day for 9 weeks relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	Recent advances in natural anti-obesity compounds and derivatives based on in vivo evidence: A mini-review.
AID634820	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B and MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel glycosylated diphyllin derivatives as topoisomerase II inhibitors.
AID338647	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells by MTT assay	2002	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Potent cytotoxic lignans from Justicia procumbens and their effects on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in mouse macrophages.
AID1224607	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells	2014	Journal of natural products, Jun-27, Volume: 77, Issue:6	Potent cytotoxic arylnaphthalene lignan lactones from Phyllanthus poilanei.
AID338646	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells by MTT assay	2002	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Potent cytotoxic lignans from Justicia procumbens and their effects on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in mouse macrophages.
AID634827	Inhibition of human topoisomerase 2-mediated decatenation of kinetoplast DNA at 100 uM after 15 mins by agarose gel electrophoresis	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel glycosylated diphyllin derivatives as topoisomerase II inhibitors.
AID634821	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B and MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel glycosylated diphyllin derivatives as topoisomerase II inhibitors.
AID338886	Antiinflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as effect on NO production at 10 uM pretreated 1 hr before LPS challenge measured after 24 hrs	2002	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Potent cytotoxic lignans from Justicia procumbens and their effects on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in mouse macrophages.
AID277523	Cytotoxicity against androgen-independent human PC3 cells	2007	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 70, Issue:2	Lignans from Dysosma versipellis with inhibitory effects on prostate cancer cell lines.
AID334310	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
AID634822	Cytotoxicity against vincristine-selected multi drug-resistant human KB cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B and MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel glycosylated diphyllin derivatives as topoisomerase II inhibitors.
AID634819	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B and MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel glycosylated diphyllin derivatives as topoisomerase II inhibitors.
AID277522	Cytotoxicity against androgen sensitive human LNCaP cells	2007	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 70, Issue:2	Lignans from Dysosma versipellis with inhibitory effects on prostate cancer cell lines.
AID450342	Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis anthrax protective antigen-dependent lethal factor binding in TEM2 expressing CHO cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID338641	Cytotoxicity against mouse 212 cells by MTT assay	2002	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Potent cytotoxic lignans from Justicia procumbens and their effects on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in mouse macrophages.
AID450340	Inhibition of heptamerization of Bacillus anthracis anthrax protective antigen in TEM2 expressing CHO cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID403992	Antiviral activity against Murine cytomegalovirus in mouse 3T3-L1 cells at 263 nM	1998	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11	Antiviral activity of lignans.
AID450335	Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis anthrax protective antigen binding to CMG2 expressing CHO cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID634824	Cytotoxicity against adriamycin-selected multi drug-resistant human K562 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B and MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel glycosylated diphyllin derivatives as topoisomerase II inhibitors.
AID450331	Cytoprotective activity against diphtheria toxin-induced cell death in CHO cells assessed as cell viability at 5 uM by MTT reduction assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID355124	Inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in rabbit platelet-rich blood by turbidimetric method	1996	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 59, Issue:12	Antiplatelet arylnaphthalide lignans from Justicia procumbens.
AID450330	Cytoprotective activity against anthrax fusion toxin FP59-induced cell death in CHO cells assessed as cell viability by MTT reduction assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID404003	Antiviral activity against VSV infected in rabbit RL-33 cells	1998	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11	Antiviral activity of lignans.
AID450329	Cytoprotective activity against anthrax lethal toxin-induced cell death in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell viability at 2 uM preincubated for 45 mins with lethal toxin measured after 1 hr by MTT reduction assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID332841	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
AID450326	Cytoprotective activity against anthrax toxin lethal factor-induced cell death in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell viability at 3 uM by MTT reduction assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID338643	Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells by MTT assay	2002	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Potent cytotoxic lignans from Justicia procumbens and their effects on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in mouse macrophages.
AID450339	Inhibition of heptamerization of Bacillus anthracis anthrax protective antigen in CMG2 expressing CHO cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID1392189	Cytotoxicity against human etoposide-sensitive K562 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter96 AQueous one solution cell proliferation assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-15, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of derivatives of the phyllanthusmin class of arylnaphthalene lignan lactones.
AID634825	Resistance index, ratio of IC50 for vincristine-selected multi drug-resistant human KB cells to IC50 for human KB cells	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel glycosylated diphyllin derivatives as topoisomerase II inhibitors.
AID1224608	Cytotoxicity against human CCD-112CoN cells	2014	Journal of natural products, Jun-27, Volume: 77, Issue:6	Potent cytotoxic arylnaphthalene lignan lactones from Phyllanthus poilanei.
AID338887	Antiinflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as effect on NO production at 30 uM pretreated 1 hr before LPS challenge measured after 24 hrs	2002	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Potent cytotoxic lignans from Justicia procumbens and their effects on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in mouse macrophages.
AID404004	Cytotoxicity against rabbit RL33 cells	1998	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11	Antiviral activity of lignans.
AID1392190	Cytotoxicity against human K/VP.5 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter96 AQueous one solution cell proliferation assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-15, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of derivatives of the phyllanthusmin class of arylnaphthalene lignan lactones.
AID450334	Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis anthrax protective antigen heptamer pre-pore to pore conversion in TEM8-expressing CHO cell	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID334308	In vivo cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells at 50 mg/kg/day relative to control
AID338645	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells by MTT assay	2002	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 65, Issue:3	Potent cytotoxic lignans from Justicia procumbens and their effects on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in mouse macrophages.
AID450337	Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis anthrax proteolytic protective antigen processing in CMG2 expressing CHO cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID450333	Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis anthrax protective antigen heptamer pre-pore to pore conversion in CMG2-expressing CHO cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death.
AID540299	A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	1 (2.08)	18.7374
1990's	3 (6.25)	18.2507
2000's	8 (16.67)	29.6817
2010's	25 (52.08)	24.3611
2020's	11 (22.92)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	5 (9.80%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (1.96%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	45 (88.24%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
phenol [no description available]	7.41	1	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine: structure in first source. N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine : An aralkylamine that is Nbenzylacetamidine substituted at position 3 on the benzene ring by an aminomethyl group. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.	2.01	1	aralkylamine; carboxamidine; primary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector
7,8-dihydroxyflavone 7,8-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A naturally occurring flavonoid produced by several plants, including the weed Tridax procumbens (coalbuttons or tridax daisy) and the tree Godmania aesculifolia, In animal models, it has shown efficacy against several diseases of the nervous system, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's.	3.51	1	dihydroxyflavone	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	2.08	1	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	1.99	1	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2.05	1
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.01	1	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	1.99	1	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.15	1	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	2.05	1	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
vincristine [no description available]	2.07	1	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
1-naphthol 1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.	2.11	1	naphthol	genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.11	1	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	3.51	1	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
oleanolic acid [no description available]	3.51	1	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	9.56	4	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	2.11	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2.15	1	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.53	2	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	9.25	5	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.54	2	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
arctigenin arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants	3.09	1	lignan
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	2.08	1	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	3.35	1	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
narciclasine narciclasine: antitumor alkaloid from bulbs of Narcissus species	3.51	1	phenanthridines	metabolite
picropodophyllin picropodophyllin: isolated from American May apple (Podophyllum); inhibits IGF-I autophosphorylation without interfering with tyrosine kinase activity. picropodophyllotoxin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that has a furonaphthodioxole skeleton bearing 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl and hydroxy substituents.	3.09	1	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
isoalantolactone isoalantolactone: RN given refers to (3aR-(3aalpha,4aalpha,8abeta,9aalpha))-isomer; structure. isoalantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group. It has been isolated from Inula helenium.	3.51	1	eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; sesquiterpene lactone	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
maslinic acid (2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria	3.51	1	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
asperuloside asperuloside : A iridoid monoterpenoid glycoside isolated from Galium verum.	3.51	1	acetate ester; beta-D-glucoside; gamma-lactone; iridoid monoterpenoid; monosaccharide derivative	metabolite
beta-peltatin beta-peltatin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is alpha-peltatin in which the phenolic hydroxy group of the 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl substitutent had been converted into the corresponding methyl ether.	3.09	1	furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound; phenols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
alpha-peltatin alpha-peltatin: RN given for (5R-(5alpha,5beta,8aalpha))-isomer. alpha-peltatin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 10 but which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 9. It is found as a glucoside in the rhizomes of Podophyllum peltatum.	3.09	1	furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound; phenols	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
epipodophyllotoxin [no description available]	3.09	1
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	3.51	1	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
cleistanthin b cleistanthin B: toxic constituent of Cleistanthus collinus. cleistanthin B : A member of the class of cleistanthins that is cleistanthin A in which the 3,4-di-O-methyl-D-xylopyranosyl group is replaced by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl group.	3.05	4	beta-D-glucoside; cleistanthins; monosaccharide derivative	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic
4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is podophyllotoxin in which the methyl ether group at position 4 of the trimethoxyphenyl group has been cleaved to afford the corresponding phenol.	3.51	2	furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound; phenols	metabolite
celastrol [no description available]	3.51	1	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin: structure in first source. 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is the 9- epimer of 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin.	3.09	1	furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound; phenols	antineoplastic agent
glabridin [no description available]	3.51	1	hydroxyisoflavans	antiplasmodial drug
beta-peltatin a methyl ether beta-peltatin A methyl ether: isolated from Mexican plant Bursera fagaroides; antitumor agent of podophyllotoxin (III) class; RN given refers to (5alpha,5beta,8aalpha)-isomer	3.09	1	lactone; lignan
justicidin a justicidins: from Justica procumbens	4.22	5	lignan
4'-demethyldesoxypodophyllotoxin 4'-demethyldesoxypodophyllotoxin: from the root of Bursera tonkinensis Guillaum; structure in first source. 4'-demethyldeoxypodophyllotoxin : A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group.	2.03	1	furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; lignan; methoxybenzenes; phenols	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; immunosuppressive agent; plant metabolite
rubschisandrin rubschisandrin: isolated from kernels of Schisandra rubriflora; structure given in first source	3.09	1	tannin
helioxanthin helioxanthin: structure in first source. helioxanthin : A furonaphthodioxole that is furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-7(9H)-one substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at posiiton 10. It is a inhibitor of HBV, HCV and HSV-1 viruses.	2.05	1	benzodioxoles; furonaphthodioxole; lignan	anti-HBV agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
eudesmin eudesmin: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source; very similar to pinoresinol	7.03	1
withaferin a withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure. withaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	3.51	1	27-hydroxy steroid; 4-hydroxy steroid; delta-lactone; enone; epoxy steroid; ergostanoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; withanolide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
anthricin anthricin: antitumor constituent from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm; structure in first source. deoxypodophyllotoxin : A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group.	3.51	2	furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; lignan; methoxybenzenes	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
hyperforin hyperforin: a prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative; antibiotic component of novoimanine; psychoactive agent in St. John's wort; Russian; structure;. hyperforin : A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.	3.51	1
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	6.84	32
schizandrin c schizandrin C: from Schizandra chinensis Baill & Fructus schisandrae; protects liver from carbon tetrachloride injury;	3.09	1	tannin
trachelogenin trachelogenin: structure in first source	3.09	1	lignan
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.01	1	actinomycin	mutagen
retrojusticidin b retrojusticidin B: isolated from Phyllanthus myrtifolius; structure in first source	3.09	1
ganoderic acid a [no description available]	3.51	1	triterpenoid
terameprocol [no description available]	3.35	1	lignan
glycosides [no description available]	5.4	10
gomisin j gomisin J: a lignan from Schizandra fruits	3.09	1
phillygenin phillygenin: cytoprotective lignan from Forsythia suspensa; structure in first source	3.35	1
formononetin [no description available]	3.51	1	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
butein [no description available]	3.51	1	chalcones; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; radiosensitizing agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone: from Streptomyces sp OH-1049; structure given in first source. 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A 7-hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3'.	3.51	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
corylin corylin: from Psoralea corylifolia (Leguminosae), has osteoblastic proliferation stimulating activity; structure in first source	3.51	1
3,8-dihydroxy-6h-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one 3,8-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one: metabolite of ellagic acid	3.51	1	coumarins	geroprotector
bafilomycin a [no description available]	2.17	1
panduratin a panduratin A: isolated from Kaempferia pandurata; structure in first source	3.51	1	diarylheptanoid	metabolite
pd 404182 [no description available]	2.05	1
lipstatin lipstatin: isolated from Streptomyces toxytricini; inhibitor of pancreatic lipase; structure given in first source	3.51	1
bicyclol bicyclol: an antihepatitis drug, on the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in rats.	3.35	1
astragaloside IV [no description available]	3.51	1	pentacyclic triterpenoid; triterpenoid saponin	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; pro-angiogenic agent
gomisin-g [no description available]	3.09	1
cleistanthin cleistanthin: lignan lactone toxic glycoside from Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb); structure. cleistanthin A : A member of the class of cleistanthins that is the 4-O-3,4-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside of 1,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-ol which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7, and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 9. It is one of the toxic principles in Cleistanthus collinus.	3.61	2	cleistanthins; xylose derivative	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.03	1
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.03	1
Bacillus anthracis Infection [description not available]	2.05	1
Anthrax An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.	2.05	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.05	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.05	1
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	2.06	1
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	2.06	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	3.33	1
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever [description not available]	2.41	1
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola A highly fatal, acute hemorrhagic fever caused by EBOLAVIRUS.	2.41	1
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	2.41	1
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	2.41	1
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.21	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.58	2
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.21	1
Feline Infectious Peritonitis Common coronavirus infection of cats caused by the feline infectious peritonitis virus (CORONAVIRUS, FELINE). The disease is characterized by a long incubation period, fever, depression, loss of appetite, wasting, and progressive abdominal enlargement. Infection of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage appears to be essential in FIP pathogenesis.	2.15	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.17	1
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	2.17	1
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.17	1
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	2.17	1
Grippe [description not available]	2.52	2
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	2.17	1
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	2.52	2
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	2.17	1
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	3.01	1
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	3.01	1
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.05	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.06	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.06	1
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.06	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	7.06	1
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.06	1
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	2.02	1
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	2.02	1
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.03	1

diphyllin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (46)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Toxicity

Bioavailability

Drug Classes (1)

Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (38)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (39)

Molecular Functions (12)

Ceullar Components (13)

Bioassays (73)

Research

Studies (48)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 28.53

Study Types

diphyllin

Description

Related Flora

Cross-References

Synonyms (46)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Toxicity

Bioavailability

Drug Classes (1)

Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (38)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (39)

Molecular Functions (12)

Ceullar Components (13)

Bioassays (73)

Research

Studies (48)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 28.53

Study Types

Related Drugs (70)

Related Conditions (36)