10-n-nonylacridinium orange profile

It seems you're asking about **10-n-nonylacridinium orange**, also known as **NAO**, a fluorescent dye with important applications in research.

Here's a breakdown of NAO and its significance:

**What is NAO?**

* **Structure:** NAO is a cationic dye with an acridinium ring structure, a nitrogen atom, and a long nonyl chain attached to the molecule.
* **Fluorescent Properties:** NAO exhibits fluorescence, meaning it absorbs light at one wavelength and emits light at a longer wavelength. Its fluorescence intensity is sensitive to its environment.
* **Binding Properties:** NAO interacts with and binds to specific structures within cells, primarily:
* **Membrane Phospholipids:** It binds to negatively charged phospholipids in cell membranes, especially those enriched in cardiolipin, a lipid found in mitochondria.
* **DNA/RNA:** NAO can also bind to nucleic acids, but its affinity for phospholipids is higher.

**Why is NAO important for research?**

* **Mitochondrial Function:** Due to its affinity for cardiolipin, NAO has become a valuable tool for studying mitochondria, the energy powerhouses of cells. It allows researchers to:
* **Visualize mitochondria:** NAO's fluorescence can be used to track and image mitochondria within cells.
* **Monitor membrane potential:** Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential can be detected by changes in NAO fluorescence, providing insights into mitochondrial health and function.
* **Study mitochondrial dynamics:** NAO can help visualize changes in mitochondrial size, shape, and movement.
* **Cell Viability and Apoptosis:** NAO's fluorescence can be used to assess cell viability and monitor apoptosis (programmed cell death). It can differentiate between healthy cells with intact membranes and cells undergoing apoptosis, where the membrane potential is disrupted.
* **Other applications:**
* **Membrane Structure:** NAO can be used to study the structure and dynamics of cell membranes, especially in relation to lipid composition and membrane fluidity.
* **Drug Delivery:** NAO can be used to track and monitor the delivery of drugs and other therapeutic agents into cells.

**Important Points:**

* **Fluorescence Spectrophotometry:** NAO is typically used in conjunction with fluorescence spectrophotometry or microscopy to study its fluorescence and its interactions with cellular components.
* **Safety and Handling:** As with many fluorescent dyes, NAO should be handled with care. It can be potentially toxic in high concentrations, and appropriate safety precautions should be taken.

**In summary:** 10-n-nonylacridinium orange (NAO) is a fluorescent dye with a high affinity for negatively charged phospholipids, particularly cardiolipin in mitochondria. It is a valuable tool for studying mitochondrial function, cell viability, membrane dynamics, and drug delivery. Its fluorescence properties make it a versatile probe for research in various fields.

10-N-nonylacridinium orange: stains mitochondria of living HeLa-cells [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	115086
SCHEMBL ID	12215003
MeSH ID	M0123525

Synonym
81650-07-9
10-n-nonylacridinium orange
10-n-nonylacridinium orange chloride
acridinium, 3,6-bis(dimethylamino)-10-nonyl-, (2s-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(s*)))-
NAO ,
3,6-bis(dimethylamino)-10-nonylacridinium
unii-sd9rox569a
acridinium, 3,6-bis(dimethylamino)-10-nonyl-
sd9rox569a ,
78125-98-1
n(10)-nonylacridine orange
nonylacridine orange cation
nonylacridine orange ion
SCHEMBL12215003
10-n-nonyl acridine orange
Q27289149
DTXSID30999372
3,6-bis(dimethylamino)-10-nonylacridin-10-ium
acridine orange 10-nonyl (bromide)

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The data from mitochondria dosed with the lower dye concentration, where it is assumed that all the dye added to the mitochondrial sample was bound to cardiolipin, were used to derive a sensitivity factor relating fluorescence intensity of a mitochondrial event to its cardiolipin content."	( Determination of the cardiolipin content of individual mitochondria by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Arriaga, EA; Duffy, CF; Fuller, KM, 2002)	0.31
" Surprisingly, using a single known cytotoxic agent as a positive control for training a multivariate classifier allowed accurate quantification of cytotoxicity for mechanistically unrelated compounds enabling generation of dose-response curves."	( A Versatile Cell Death Screening Assay Using Dye-Stained Cells and Multivariate Image Analysis. Andrews, DW; Collins, TJ; Geng, F; Ylanko, J, 2015)	0.42

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	5 (6.94)	18.7374
1990's	19 (26.39)	18.2507
2000's	28 (38.89)	29.6817
2010's	15 (20.83)	24.3611
2020's	5 (6.94)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (1.35%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	73 (98.65%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
benzene [no description available]	2.02	1	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.06	1	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.	2.03	1	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	2.68	3	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.07	1	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.08	1
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	2.69	3	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	2.01	1	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2.39	2	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	1.96	1
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.11	1	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.06	1	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2	1	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	1.97	1	xanthene
thiazoles [no description available]	2.44	2	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
cuprizone [no description available]	2	1	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.41	1	copper group element atom; elemental gold
diethyl malate diethyl malate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. diethyl malate : A malate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the two carboxy groups of malic acid with two molecules of ethanol respectively.	2	1	malate ester	metabolite
etoposide [no description available]	1.98	1	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
flavone acetic acid flavone acetic acid: structure given in first source	1.97	1
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	4.92	36	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.44	2	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	2	1
calcein am calcein AM: a non-fluorescent compound cleaved to a fluorescent compound by non-specific intracellular esterases. calcein am : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.	2.08	1	2-benzofurans; acetate ester; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.05	1	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	2.38	2	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	4.12	16	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	2	1
5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine: structure given in first source. 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 1,3-diethyl-5,6-dichloroindoleinine units at each end.	2.71	3	cyanine dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
oleylamine oleylamine: promotes fusion of mouse A(9) fibroblasts; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	2.05	1
2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-1-methylpyridinium 2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-1-methylpyridinium: fluorescent probe refers to mitochondria in situ; RN given for methiodide	2	1	organic iodide salt; pyridinium salt; tertiary amine	fluorochrome
3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine 3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine: a fluorescent probe	2.93	4
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	3.27	6	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	2.03	1	ammonium ion derivative
tetramethylrhodamine tetramethylrhodamine: RN given refers to perchlorate; structure	1.99	1	xanthene dye
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.73	3
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	1.97	1
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.38	2	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye	2.69	3
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.07	1
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	2.03	1
mitotracker green fm [no description available]	1.99	1
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.01	1
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	2.03	1
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	2.39	2
chloroaluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine chloroaluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.41	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.41	1
Autism [description not available]	2.66	2
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	2.66	2
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	2.31	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.75	3
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.05	1
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.05	1
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	2.05	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.05	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.05	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.05	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.39	2
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.39	2
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	2.06	1
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	2.06	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.08	1
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	2.08	1
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.01	1
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.01	1
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	1.98	1
Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available]	2.39	2
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	1.99	1
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	1.99	1
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	2	1
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	2	1
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome [description not available]	2	1
Antiphospholipid Syndrome The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).	2	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2	1
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	1.97	1

10-n-nonylacridinium orange

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (19)

Research Excerpts

Dosage Studied

Research

Studies (72)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.66

Study Types