Compounds > pulsatilla saponin a
Page last updated: 2024-12-06

pulsatilla saponin a

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Description

Pulsatilla saponin A: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

kalopanaxsaponin A : A triterpenoid saponin that is hederagenin attached to a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

FloraRankFlora DefinitionFamilyFamily Definition
KalopanaxgenusA plant genus of the family ARALIACEAE. Members contain triterpene saponins.[MeSH]AraliaceaeThe ginseng plant family of the order Apiales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Leaves are generally alternate, large, and compound. Flowers are five-parted and arranged in compound flat-topped umbels. The fruit is a berry or (rarely) a drupe (a one-seeded fruit). It is well known for plant preparations used as adaptogens (immune support and anti-fatigue).[MeSH]
PulsatillagenusA plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain cernuosides and other oleanane and hederagenin saponins.[MeSH]RanunculaceaeThe buttercup plant family of the order RANUNCULALES, class MAGNOLIOPSIDA. The leaves are usually alternate and stalkless. The flowers usually have two to five free sepals and may be radially symmetrical or irregular.[MeSH]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID73296
CHEMBL ID447565
CHEBI ID69370
SCHEMBL ID3007691
MeSH IDM000594615

Synonyms (54)

Synonym
kizuta saponin k6
(4alpha)-3beta-((2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl)oxy)-23-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid
akebia saponin pd
akeboside stc
nsc 106553
brn 0076156
einecs 248-166-5
alpha-hederine [french]
helixin (van)
olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-((2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl)oxy)-23-hydroxy-, (3-beta,4-alpha)-
alpha-hederin hydrate
nsc-106553
.alpha.-hederin
nsc106553
helixin
C08954
olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-[[2-o-(6-deoxy-.alpha.-l-mannopyranosyl)-.alpha.-l-arabinopyranosyl]oxy]-23-hydroxy-, (3.beta., 4.alpha.)
nepalin 2
prosapogenin cp3b
pulsatilla saponin a
kalopanaxsaponin a
glycoside l-e1
koronaroside a
tauroside e
hederoside c
(4as,6ar,6as,6br,8ar,9r,10s,12ar,14bs)-10-[(2s,3r,4s,5s)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxy
CHEMBL447565
chebi:69370 ,
akebiasaponin pd
3beta-{[2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl]oxy}-23-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid
kizutasaponin k6
3-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin
S3914
unii-4h15f0glv2
4-17-00-02560 (beilstein handbook reference)
4h15f0glv2 ,
rha-ara-3beta-hederagenin
alpha-hederine
olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-((2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l- mannopyranosyl)-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl)oxy)-23-hydroxy-, (3-beta,4-alpha)-
alfa-hederina
(4alpha)-3beta-((2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-alpha- l-arabinopyranosyl)oxy)-23-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid
.alpha.-hederin [mi]
alfa-hederina [who-dd]
(4.alpha.)-3.beta.-((2-o-(6-deoxy-.alpha.-l-mannopyranosyl)-.alpha.- l-arabinopyranosyl)oxy)-23-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid
SCHEMBL3007691
AC-33961
hederin
(4as,6as,6br,8ar,9r,10s,12ar,12br,14bs)-10-(((2s,3r,4s,5s)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-(((2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10
HY-N0255
CS-5690
AKOS032961986
Q25105925
CCG-270437
DTXSID80909168

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Current investigation found that α-hederin inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro and in vivo at toxic doses."( Regulatory mechanism of α-hederin upon cisplatin sensibility in NSCLC at safe dose by destroying GSS/GSH/GPX2 axis-mediated glutathione oxidation-reduction system.
Huang, G; Huang, P; Jin, M; Liu, X; Lou, Y; Wang, D; Wu, Y, 2022)		0.72
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
anti-inflammatory agentAny compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.
plant metaboliteAny eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (4)

ClassDescription
pentacyclic triterpenoid
triterpenoid saponinA terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a triterpenoid.
disaccharide derivativeA carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a disaccharide.
hydroxy monocarboxylic acidAny monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (62)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1763663Induction of apoptosis in human L02 cells assessed as late apoptotic cells at 18 uM by annexin-V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 0.92 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID1678889Antileishmanial activity against axenic amastigote stage of Leishmania mexicana (MNYC/BZ/62/M379) assessed as inhibition of parasite proliferation at 50 uM incubated for 24 hrs by alamar blue dye based fluorescence analysis2020RSC medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 11, Issue:7
An investigation of the antileishmanial properties of semi-synthetic saponins.
AID1763688Oil-water apparent partition coefficient of the compound2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID1763666Induction of apoptosis in human L02 cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 26 uM by annexin-V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 3.81 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID1763682Induction of cell cycle arrest in human L02 cells assessed as G2/M phase accumulation at 24 uM by PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 8 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID1591911Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced iNOS expression at 1 to 5 uM preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS-stimulation and measured after 16 hrs by Western blot analysis2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 29, Issue:16
Bioactive triterpene glycosides from the fruit of Stauntonia hexaphylla and insights into the molecular mechanism of its inflammatory effects.
AID658065Reduction in surface tension in 0.1 M PBS after 10 mins by Wilhelmy plate method using tensitometer2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9
Saponins can perturb biologic membranes and reduce the surface tension of aqueous solutions: a correlation?
AID658063Cytotoxicity against human ECV304 cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst 33258 staining based fluorescence assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9
Saponins can perturb biologic membranes and reduce the surface tension of aqueous solutions: a correlation?
AID626970Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NFkappaB activation in human HepG2 cells after 1 hr by luciferase reporter assay2011Journal of natural products, Sep-23, Volume: 74, Issue:9
Anti-inflammatory triterpenoid saponins from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus.
AID393223Cell membrane permeabilization in human DLD1 cells assessed as drug level causing decrease in calcein fluorescence2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5
Haemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and membrane cell permeabilization of semi-synthetic and natural lupane- and oleanane-type saponins.
AID626971Inhibition of NF-kappaB-induced iNOS mRNA expression in TNF-alpha-stimulated human HepG2 cells after 1 hr by RT-PCR analysis2011Journal of natural products, Sep-23, Volume: 74, Issue:9
Anti-inflammatory triterpenoid saponins from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus.
AID1763684Induction of cell cycle arrest in human L02 cells assessed as S phase accumulation at 26 uM by PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 38.23 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID393224Cell membrane permeabilization in human WS1 cells assessed as drug level causing decrease in calcein fluorescence2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5
Haemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and membrane cell permeabilization of semi-synthetic and natural lupane- and oleanane-type saponins.
AID658066Critical micellar concentration of the compound in 0.1 M PBS after 10 mins by Wilhelmy plate method using tensitometer2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9
Saponins can perturb biologic membranes and reduce the surface tension of aqueous solutions: a correlation?
AID1763655Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells by MTT assay2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID772917Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 23, Issue:20
Bioactive oleanane-type saponins from the rhizomes of Anemone taipaiensis.
AID393219Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by resazurin reduction test2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5
Haemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and membrane cell permeabilization of semi-synthetic and natural lupane- and oleanane-type saponins.
AID1763681Induction of cell cycle arrest in human L02 cells assessed as S phase accumulation at 24 uM by PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 38.23 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID1763665Induction of apoptosis in human L02 cells assessed as late apoptotic cells at 24 uM by annexin-V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 0.92 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID1717801Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV by cell-based assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 63, Issue:22
Chinese Therapeutic Strategy for Fighting COVID-19 and Potential Small-Molecule Inhibitors against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
AID393218Toxicity in sheep erythrocytes assessed as induction of hemolysis2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5
Haemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and membrane cell permeabilization of semi-synthetic and natural lupane- and oleanane-type saponins.
AID1763677Induction of cell cycle arrest in human L02 cells assessed as G0/G1 phase accumulation at 18 uM by PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 53.77 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID780290Cytotoxicity against human ECV304 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 21, Issue:22
The influence of saponins on cell membrane cholesterol.
AID358831Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans2001Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 64, Issue:1
A new dammarane-type triterpene glycoside from Polyscias fulva.
AID772914Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 23, Issue:20
Bioactive oleanane-type saponins from the rhizomes of Anemone taipaiensis.
AID780291Membrane toxicity against human ECV304 cells after 2 hrs by LDH release assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 21, Issue:22
The influence of saponins on cell membrane cholesterol.
AID1763680Induction of cell cycle arrest in human L02 cells assessed as G0/G1 phase accumulation at 24 uM by PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 53.77 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID1763664Induction of apoptosis in human L02 cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 24 uM by annexin-V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 3.81 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID1763667Induction of apoptosis in human L02 cells assessed as late apoptotic cells at 26 uM by annexin-V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 0.92 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID1591912Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced COX2 expression at 1 to 5 uM preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS-stimulation and measured after 16 hrs by Western blot analysis2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 29, Issue:16
Bioactive triterpene glycosides from the fruit of Stauntonia hexaphylla and insights into the molecular mechanism of its inflammatory effects.
AID772918Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 23, Issue:20
Bioactive oleanane-type saponins from the rhizomes of Anemone taipaiensis.
AID1763662Induction of apoptosis in human L02 cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 18 uM by annexin-V-FITC/PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 3.81 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID393221Cytotoxicity against human WS1 cells after 48 hrs by resazurin reduction test2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5
Haemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and membrane cell permeabilization of semi-synthetic and natural lupane- and oleanane-type saponins.
AID1763679Induction of cell cycle arrest in human L02 cells assessed as G2/M phase accumulation at 18 uM by PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 8 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID772915Cytotoxicity against human U87MG cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 23, Issue:20
Bioactive oleanane-type saponins from the rhizomes of Anemone taipaiensis.
AID772916Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 23, Issue:20
Bioactive oleanane-type saponins from the rhizomes of Anemone taipaiensis.
AID358830Antifungal activity against Candida albicans2001Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 64, Issue:1
A new dammarane-type triterpene glycoside from Polyscias fulva.
AID1591909Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitirc oxide production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS-stimulation and measured after 18 hrs by Griess assay2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 29, Issue:16
Bioactive triterpene glycosides from the fruit of Stauntonia hexaphylla and insights into the molecular mechanism of its inflammatory effects.
AID1207063Cytotoxicity against human Bel7402 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth after 24 hrs by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 25, Issue:12
Synthesis, cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity of Pulsatilla saponin A, D derivatives.
AID658064Membranolytic activity in human ECV304 cells assessed as leakage of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase after 2 hrs by spectrophotometry2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9
Saponins can perturb biologic membranes and reduce the surface tension of aqueous solutions: a correlation?
AID393222Cell membrane permeabilization in human A549 cells assessed as drug level causing decrease in calcein fluorescence2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5
Haemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and membrane cell permeabilization of semi-synthetic and natural lupane- and oleanane-type saponins.
AID357921Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells by MTT assay2001Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 64, Issue:9
New bisdesmosidic triterpene saponins from the roots of Pulsatilla chinensis.
AID1763678Induction of cell cycle arrest in human L02 cells assessed as S phase accumulation at 18 uM by PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 38.23 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID393220Cytotoxicity against human DLD1 cells after 48 hrs by resazurin reduction test2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5
Haemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and membrane cell permeabilization of semi-synthetic and natural lupane- and oleanane-type saponins.
AID381214Cytotoxicity against human HL-60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay1999Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 62, Issue:9
Triterpene saponins and lignans from the roots of Pulsatilla chinensis and their cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells.
AID626973Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells by MTT assay2011Journal of natural products, Sep-23, Volume: 74, Issue:9
Anti-inflammatory triterpenoid saponins from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus.
AID780289Reduction in [3H]cholesterol uptake in human ECV304 cells after 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 21, Issue:22
The influence of saponins on cell membrane cholesterol.
AID1127394Inhibition of carbachol-induced contraction of Sprague-Dawley rat tracheal rings after 30 mins by isometric tension technique2014Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 77, Issue:4
Potent airway smooth muscle relaxant effect of cynatratoside B, a steroidal glycoside isolated from Cynanchum stauntonii.
AID1763683Induction of cell cycle arrest in human L02 cells assessed as G0/G1 phase accumulation at 26 uM by PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 53.77 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID626972Inhibition of NF-kappaB-induced COX2 mRNA expression in TNF-alpha-stimulated human HepG2 cells after 1 hr by RT-PCR analysis2011Journal of natural products, Sep-23, Volume: 74, Issue:9
Anti-inflammatory triterpenoid saponins from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus.
AID1763685Induction of cell cycle arrest in human L02 cells assessed as G2/M phase accumulation at 26 uM by PI staining based flow cytometry analysis (Rvb = 8 %)2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID1763687Oil-water partition coefficient, logP of compound2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID1207065Cytotoxicity against human HL7702 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth after 24 hrs by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 25, Issue:12
Synthesis, cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity of Pulsatilla saponin A, D derivatives.
AID1207064Cytotoxicity against human SMMC7721 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth after 24 hrs by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 25, Issue:12
Synthesis, cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity of Pulsatilla saponin A, D derivatives.
AID780288Effect on [3H]cholesterol liberation from cell membrane of human ECV304 cells after 1 hr by liquid scintillation counting2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 21, Issue:22
The influence of saponins on cell membrane cholesterol.
AID1763686Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as increase in LDH leakage by LDH assay2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID1207066Hemolytic activity in rabbit RBC assessed as induction of hemolysis2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 25, Issue:12
Synthesis, cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity of Pulsatilla saponin A, D derivatives.
AID1207062Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth after 24 hrs by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 25, Issue:12
Synthesis, cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity of Pulsatilla saponin A, D derivatives.
AID1207061Induction of hemolysis in erythrocytes (unknown origin)2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 25, Issue:12
Synthesis, cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity of Pulsatilla saponin A, D derivatives.
AID1678888Antileishmanial activity against axenic amastigote stage of Leishmania mexicana (MNYC/BZ/62/M379) assessed as induction of parasite killing incubated for 24 hrs by alamar blue dye based fluorescence analysis2020RSC medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 11, Issue:7
An investigation of the antileishmanial properties of semi-synthetic saponins.
AID1763654Hemolytic activity in rabbit erythrocytes2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 43Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study.
AID1159550Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening2015Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (27)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's1 (3.70)18.2507
2000's3 (11.11)29.6817
2010's13 (48.15)24.3611
2020's10 (37.04)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.11

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.11 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.33 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.44 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.11)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews3 (11.11%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other24 (88.89%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
camostat
camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.		3.3510benzoate ester;
carboxylic ester;
diester;
guanidines;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifibrinolytic drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
serine protease inhibitor
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.3510aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		3.3510aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
nafamostat
nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic		3.3510benzoic acids;
guanidines
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		3.3510diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		2.0610
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		3.3510alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		2.0710cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		3.3510isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		3.1750hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
dihydroferulic acid
dihydroferulic acid: structure in first source. dihydroferulic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group.		2.2110guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylpropanoid		antioxidant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		3.6420enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
etoposide
[no description available]		210beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		3.35101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		3.3510benzamides;
carboxylic ester
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		3.3510flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
hesperetin
[no description available]		3.35103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
monomethoxyflavanone;
trihydroxyflavanone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
betulin
betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.		2.0510diol;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		analgesic;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
metabolite
lycorine
lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.		3.3510indolizidine alkaloidanticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
hederagenin
[no description available]		2.7630dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
sapogenin		plant metabolite
arjunolic acid
arjunolic acid: oleanane type; isol from Cochlospermum tinctorium (Bixaceae); structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/89. arjunolic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Juglans sinensis, it exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.		2.2110hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
nimustine
nimustine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining nimustine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.		2.0810hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
beta-peltatin
beta-peltatin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is alpha-peltatin in which the phenolic hydroxy group of the 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl substitutent had been converted into the corresponding methyl ether.		210furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
lopinavir
[no description available]		3.3510amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
gypsogenin
gypsogenin: originally from Gypsophila species; structure in first source. gypsogenin : A sapogenin that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 23.		2.2510aldehyde;
monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
sapogenin
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		2.41102-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
pectolinarin
pectolinarin: antihemorrhagic principle from Chinese plant Cirsium japonicum DC.. pectolinarin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of pectolinarigenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		3.3510dimethoxyflavone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monohydroxyflavanone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
cussonoside b
cussonoside B: triterpene saponin from Cussonia barteri bark; structure given in first source		2.0810
cussonoside a
cussonoside A: triterpene saponin from Cussonia barteri (Araliaceae) with sedative effect;		2.2110
(-)-gallocatechin gallate
(-)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-gallocatechin. A natural product found in found in green tea.		3.3510catechin;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		2.48203beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
3-o-(alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl)hederagenin
Akebia saponin PA: isolated from Dipsacus asperoides; structure in first source. hederagenin 3-O-arabinoside : A triterpenoid saponin that is hederagenin attached to an alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.		3.0340alpha-L-arabinopyranoside;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monosaccharide derivative;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
triterpenoid saponin		plant metabolite
beta-hederin
beta-hederin: derived from beta-amyrin; other hederigenin based saponins are available		3.1950triterpenoid
L-isoprenaline
L-isoprenaline : An optically active phenylethanolamine compound having an isopropyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.		2.110catecholamine;
phenylethanolamines		beta-adrenergic agonist;
sympathomimetic agent
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.35102-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
favipiravir
favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.		3.3510hydroxypyrazine;
organofluorine compound;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
hirsutanone
hirsutanone: from methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Viscum cruciatum (Viscaceae)		3.3510diarylheptanoid
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		3.3510cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
quercetin
[no description available]		3.35107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
herbacetin
herbacetin: from Ramose Scouring Rush Herb; structure in first source. herbacetin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is kaempferol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. It is a natural flavonoid from flaxseed which exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.		3.35107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.3510carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
isobavachalcone
isobavachalcone: RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source. isobavachalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'.		3.3510chalcones;
polyphenol		antibacterial agent;
metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
psoralidin
psoralidin : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively.		3.3510coumestans;
delta-lactone;
polyphenol		estrogen receptor agonist;
plant metabolite
rhoifolin
rhoifolin: from many plants. apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside : An apigenin derivative having an alpha-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group.		3.3510dihydroxyflavone;
glycosyloxyflavone;
neohesperidoside		metabolite
neobavaisoflavone
neobavaisoflavone: isolated from Psoralea corylifolia; structure in first source. neobavaisoflavone : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone with an additonal hydroxy group at position 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, it exhibits inhibitory activity against DNA polymerase and platelet aggregation.		3.35107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
escin ia
escin Ia: from seeds of Aralia elata; structure in first source		3.3510
beta-escin
[no description available]		3.99110
papyriflavonol a
papyriflavonol A: isolated from Broussonetia papyrifera; structure in first source. papyriflavonol A : A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 7, 3' and 4' and prenyl groups at positions 6 and 5'. Isolated from Broussonetia papyrifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against phospholipase A2 and tyrosinase.		3.35103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
flavonols;
pentahydroxyflavone		EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
metabolite
kalopanax saponin b
kalopanax saponin B: isolated from Kalopanax septemlobus; structure given in first source. kalopanaxsaponin B : A triterpenoid saponin with hederagenin as the aglycone part. It has been isolated from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus.		3.0140carboxylic ester;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
triterpenoid saponin		anti-inflammatory agent;
plant metabolite
pulsatilla saponin d
[no description available]		2.9840triterpenoidmetabolite
anemoside a3
anemoside A3: induces relaxation in rat renal arteries; from the root of Pulsatilla chinensis; structure in first source		210
(-)-pinoresinol
(-)-pinoresinol : An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (-)-1R,3aS,4R,6aS-configuration.		210pinoresinolplant metabolite
ginsenoside rg2
ginsenoside Rg2: structure in first source; RN given refers to (6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-isomer. ginsenoside Rg2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		2.071012beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anticoagulant;
cardioprotective agent;
plant metabolite
dipsacoside b
dipsacoside B: from flowers of Lonicera macranthoides Hand		2.2110
cauloside D
[no description available]		2.5220carboxylic ester;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
triterpenoid saponin		anti-inflammatory agent;
plant metabolite
monensin
[no description available]		3.3510
pyrvinium pamoate
[no description available]		3.3510naphthoic acidanticoronaviral agent
bananin
bananin: structure in first source		3.3510
macranthoidin b
[no description available]		2.2110
s 8932
[no description available]		3.3510aromatic amine;
C-nucleoside;
carboxylic ester;
nitrile;
phosphoramidate ester;
pyrrolotriazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
prodrug
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		3.35102-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		0210
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		0210
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.7830
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		02.7830
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		02.110
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.0310
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		03.0310
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		03.1710
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.4110
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.4110
Metastase
[description not available]		02.4110
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.4110
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.4110
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		02.4110
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.4110
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.4110
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.4110
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.4110
Anoxemia
[description not available]		02.610
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		03.0120
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		02.610
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		03.0120
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		02.3110
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.3110
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		02.4110
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		07.4110
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		02.1310
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		02.1310