vidarabine phosphate profile

Vidarabine Phosphate: An adenosine monophosphate analog in which ribose is replaced by an arabinose moiety. It is the monophosphate ester of VIDARABINE with antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	34768
CHEMBL ID	1230732
SCHEMBL ID	144996
MeSH ID	M0001639

Synonym
AC-5505
9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-phosphate
cl-808
9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)
9-(5-o-phosphono-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-9h-purin-6-amine
9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine monophosphate
einecs 249-990-8
vidarabine 5'-monophosphate
adenine, 9beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-, 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)
9h-purin-6-amine, 9-(5-o-phosphono-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-
9-(5-o-phosphono-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine
nsc 127223
9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-monophosphate
adenine, 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-, 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)
vidarabine phosphate [usan]
CHEMBL1230732
ci-808
29984-33-6
vidarabine monophosphate
nsc-127223
vidarabine phosphate (usan)
D06299
arabino-amp
vidarabine phosphate
9-(.beta.-d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine-5'-phosphate
[(2r,3s,4s,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate
adenosine arabinoside-5'-phosphate
araamp
[(2r,3s,4s,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate
9h-purin-6-amine, 9-(5-o-phosphono-b-d-arabinofuranosyl)-;
A820136
unii-106xv160tz
106xv160tz ,
AM84913
AKOS015915213
vidarabine phosphate [who-dd]
vidarabine phosphate [mart.]
9-.beta.-d-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)
HG1004
9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-adenine-5'-monophosphate
SCHEMBL144996
9-(b-d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine 5'-monophosphate
W-202244
((2r,3s,4s,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate
adenine-9-beta-d-arabinofuranoside-5'-monophosphate
AS-70487
{[(2r,3s,4s,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid
adenine arabinose-5'-phosphate
A5O ,
9-(b-d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine5'-monophosphate
BCP10479
9h-purin-6-amine,9-(5-o-phosphono-b-d-arabinofuranosyl)-
Q6607436
9h-purin-6-amine, 9-(5-o-phosphono-b-d-arabinofuranosyl)-
DTXSID401009318
ara-a (phosphate);adenine arabinoside (phosphate);9--d-arabinofuranosyladenine (phosphate)
CS-0083442
HY-B0277A

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" To elucidate the mechanism of toxicity this work has examined the pharmacodynamics of F-araAMP anabolites, F-araATP and F-ATP, in P388 cells, BM and GI mucosa tissues after nontoxic (LD1) and toxic (LD50) doses of F-araAMP."	( Pharmacodynamics and proposed mechanism of therapeutic action and host toxicity of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine monophosphate (F-araAMP) in P388 murine leukemia-bearing mice. Avramis, VI, 1989)	0.28
" Transient neutropenia was the only side-effect seen in experimental animals."	( Fludarabine phosphate: A DNA synthesis inhibitor with potent immunosuppressive activity and minimal clinical toxicity. Athan, E; Fein, S; Fiedor, PS; Goodman, ER; Hardy, MA, 1996)	0.29
" The L-HSA-ara-AMP conjugate did not cause either the neurotoxic side effects of free ara-AMP or other adverse clinical reactions."	( Adenine arabinoside monophosphate coupled to lactosaminated human albumin administered for 4 weeks in patients with chronic type B hepatitis decreased viremia without producing significant side effects. Bonino, F; Brunetto, MR; Busi, C; De Bernardi Venon, W; Di Stefano, G; Fiume, L; Gervasi, GB; Lavezzo, B; Mattioli, A; Ponzetto, A; Torrani Cerenzia, M; Verme, G, 1996)	0.29
" Safety monitoring included WHO toxicity grading for adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of oral fludarabine phosphate in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Berthou, C; Bron, D; de Boeck, K; Deconinck, E; Foussard, C; Guibon, O; Johnson, SA; Kramer, MH; Lister, TA; Littlewood, TJ; Marcus, RE; Montillo, M; Rossi, JF; Tollerfield, SM; van Hoof, A, 2004)	0.32

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Concurrent with the phase I evaluation of 2-F-ara-AMP administered as a single intravenous (IV) bolus every 21 days to patients with advanced malignancy, plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of 2-F-ara-A were determined in 30 patients following the rapid infusion (2 to 5 minutes) of doses of 2-F-ara-AMP ranging from 80 to 260 mg/m2."	( Pharmacokinetics of 2-F-ara-A (9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine) in cancer patients during the phase I clinical investigation of fludarabine phosphate. Grever, MR; Malspeis, L; Staubus, AE; Young, D, 1990)	0.28
" A pharmacokinetic study of an oral formulation (10 mg immediate-release tablet) was undertaken in patients with "low-grade" non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia."	( Pharmacokinetic study of single doses of oral fludarabine phosphate in patients with "low-grade" non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cullen, MH; de Takats, PG; Foran, JM; Johnson, SA; Klein, M; Kraus, C; Lister, TA; Orchard, J; Oscier, D; Tighe, M, 1999)	0.3
" Pharmacokinetic samples taken after each trial dose were analyzed for plasma 2-fluoro-arabinofuranosyladenine (2F-ara-A) concentration (its main metabolite); area under the curve 0 to 24 hours (AUC(0-24h)) and maximum concentration (Cmax) were calculated."	( Pharmacokinetic study of single doses of oral fludarabine phosphate in patients with "low-grade" non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cullen, MH; de Takats, PG; Foran, JM; Johnson, SA; Klein, M; Kraus, C; Lister, TA; Orchard, J; Oscier, D; Tighe, M, 1999)	0.3
"Oral administration of F-AMP resulted in a dose-dependent increase in Cmax and AUC(0-24h) of 2F-ara-A and achieved an AUC(0-24h) similar to intravenous administration, although at a lower Cm."	( Pharmacokinetic study of single doses of oral fludarabine phosphate in patients with "low-grade" non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cullen, MH; de Takats, PG; Foran, JM; Johnson, SA; Klein, M; Kraus, C; Lister, TA; Orchard, J; Oscier, D; Tighe, M, 1999)	0.3
"The primary objective of this study was to investigate the tolerability, efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of oral fludarabine phosphate in relapsed patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL)."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral fludarabine phosphate in relapsed indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hotta, T; Minami, H; Morishima, Y; Ogawa, Y; Ogura, M; Sasaki, Y; Seriu, T; Tobinai, K; Watanabe, T, 2006)	0.33
" Pharmacokinetic samples were taken on day 1 and day 5 of the first treatment cycle."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral fludarabine phosphate in relapsed indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hotta, T; Minami, H; Morishima, Y; Ogawa, Y; Ogura, M; Sasaki, Y; Seriu, T; Tobinai, K; Watanabe, T, 2006)	0.33
" These patients experience significant interpatient variability in clinical outcomes, potentially due to pharmacokinetic variability in 2-fluoroadenine (F-ara-A) plasma concentrations."	( A limited sampling schedule to estimate individual pharmacokinetic parameters of fludarabine in hematopoietic cell transplant patients. Anasetti, C; Blough, DK; McCune, JS; O'Donnell, PV; Salinger, DH; Sandmaier, BM; Vicini, P, 2009)	0.35
" NONMEM software was used to estimate the population pharmacokinetic parameters and compute the area under the concentration-time curve."	( A limited sampling schedule to estimate individual pharmacokinetic parameters of fludarabine in hematopoietic cell transplant patients. Anasetti, C; Blough, DK; McCune, JS; O'Donnell, PV; Salinger, DH; Sandmaier, BM; Vicini, P, 2009)	0.35
" Mean (+/-SD) elimination half-life did not differ significantly between IV and oral dosage groups (11."	( Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and effects on electrocardiographic parameters of oral fludarabine phosphate. Greenblatt, DJ; Karyagina, EV; Lister-James, J; Lundberg, AS; Yin, W, 2010)	0.36
"Individual pharmacokinetic parameters were fixed to post hoc Bayesian estimates, and circulating absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) were obtained during the 3 weeks prior to graft infusion."	( Population pharmacokinetic/dynamic model of lymphosuppression after fludarabine administration. Anasetti, C; Mager, DE; McCune, JS; O'Donnell, PV; Salinger, DH; Sandmaier, BM; Vicini, P, 2015)	0.42
" Pharmacodynamic parameters exhibited considerable between subject variability (38."	( Population pharmacokinetic/dynamic model of lymphosuppression after fludarabine administration. Anasetti, C; Mager, DE; McCune, JS; O'Donnell, PV; Salinger, DH; Sandmaier, BM; Vicini, P, 2015)	0.42

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The activity of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-monophosphate, alone or in combination with either of the two inhibitors of adenosine deaminase, was comparable to that of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A), apparently reflecting the rapid conversion of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-monophosphate to ara-A by L1210/C2 cells."	( Antiproliferative effects of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-monophosphate and related compounds in combination with adenosine deaminase inhibitors against mouse leukemia L1210/C2 cells in culture. Cass, CE; Selner, M; Tan, TH, 1979)	0.26
" Among these agents, cytarabine may be the best agent for the combination with fludarabine phosphate."	( In vitro cytotoxic effects of fludarabine (2-F-ara-A) in combination with commonly used antileukemic agents by isobologram analysis. Akutsu, M; Bai, L; Furukawa, Y; Ichikawa, A; Kano, Y; Kon, K; Suzuki, K; Tsunoda, S, 2000)	0.31
"Randomized trials suggest improved disease-free survival in low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (LGNHL) when interferon is combined with multiagent chemotherapy."	( Phase II study of fludarabine combined with interferon-alpha-2a followed by maintenance therapy with interferon-alpha-2a in patients with low-grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma. Bewsher, CJ; Braylan, RC; Hei, DL; Hudson, JK; Lynch, JW; Mendenhall, NP; Rimzsa, LM; Staab, EV, 2002)	0.31

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Eighteen patients received all three oral trial doses, and bioavailability was determined in 15 patients who completed four courses of therapy."	( Pharmacokinetic study of single doses of oral fludarabine phosphate in patients with "low-grade" non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cullen, MH; de Takats, PG; Foran, JM; Johnson, SA; Klein, M; Kraus, C; Lister, TA; Orchard, J; Oscier, D; Tighe, M, 1999)	0.3
" Bioavailability (approximately 55%, with low intraindividual variation) and time to Cmax were dose independent."	( Pharmacokinetic study of single doses of oral fludarabine phosphate in patients with "low-grade" non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cullen, MH; de Takats, PG; Foran, JM; Johnson, SA; Klein, M; Kraus, C; Lister, TA; Orchard, J; Oscier, D; Tighe, M, 1999)	0.3
"A prospective, open and randomized, two-way crossover study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral fludarabine phosphate when taken on a full versus an empty stomach."	( The bioavailability of oral fludarabine phosphate is unaffected by food. Culligan, D; Cunningham, D; Gieschen, H; Johnson, S; Klein, M; Orchard, JA; Oscier, D; Parker, A, 2001)	0.31
"Of 22 patients recruited, 18 (CLL n = 10; NHL n = 8) were eligible for efficacy and safety evaluation, and 16 for bioavailability and pharmacokinetic analyses."	( The bioavailability of oral fludarabine phosphate is unaffected by food. Culligan, D; Cunningham, D; Gieschen, H; Johnson, S; Klein, M; Orchard, JA; Oscier, D; Parker, A, 2001)	0.31
"The pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and effects on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters of fludarabine phosphate (2F-ara-AMP) were evaluated in adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia."	( Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and effects on electrocardiographic parameters of oral fludarabine phosphate. Greenblatt, DJ; Karyagina, EV; Lister-James, J; Lundberg, AS; Yin, W, 2010)	0.36

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The parent drug was almost quantitatively converted to 2-F-ara-A by apparent first-pass metabolism, with maximum levels of 2-F-ara-A and very low levels (less than 1 fmol/L) of 2-F-ara-AMP observed only in the plasma samples obtained shortly after dosing (2 to 4 minutes)."	( Pharmacokinetics of 2-F-ara-A (9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine) in cancer patients during the phase I clinical investigation of fludarabine phosphate. Grever, MR; Malspeis, L; Staubus, AE; Young, D, 1990)	0.28
" No dosage or schedule could be recommended for patients with acute leukemia because of the severe neurotoxicity (progressive dementia with blindness leading to coma) noted with doses greater than or equal to 96 mg/m2/d for 5 to 7 days."	( Phase I clinical trials with fludarabine phosphate. Von Hoff, DD, 1990)	0.28
" Initial dosing was based on the presence of previous radiation therapy."	( Evaluation of fludarabine phosphate in malignant melanoma. A Southwest Oncology Group study. Fletcher, WS; Kempf, RA; Kish, JA; Kopecky, K; Muggia, FM; Samson, MK; Von Hoff, DD, 1991)	0.28
" Fludarabine phosphate by this alternative dosing schedule is effective in refractory advanced CLL and is well tolerated by the majority of patients."	( A loading dose/continuous infusion schedule of fludarabine phosphate in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ahmed, T; Arlin, ZA; Arnold, PM; Budman, DR; Coleman, M; Feldman, EJ; Lichtman, SM; Mittelman, A; Puccio, CA; Silver, RT, 1991)	0.28
" Painful paresthesia of the legs necessitated dosage reduction and early discontinuation of enrollment."	( Adenine arabinoside monophosphate (vidarabine phosphate) in combination with human leukocyte interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Bissett, J; Eisenberg, M; Garcia, G; Mastre, B; Nair, PV; Roskamp, D; Rosno, S; Smith, CI; Waterman, K; Weissberg, JI, 1987)	0.27
" To examine whether its monophosphate ester (ara-AMP) can be effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B when given in reduced dosage as a conjugate with lactosaminated human serum albumin (L-HSA), which selectively enters hepatocytes, five patients with chronic type B hepatitis (HBsAg/HBV-DNA positive for at least 2 years) were treated with the conjugate."	( Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by vidarabine monophosphate conjugated with lactosaminated serum albumin. Bonino, F; Brunetto, MR; Busi, C; Cerenzia, MR; Chiaberge, E; Fiume, L; Mattioli, A; Verme, G, 1988)	0.27
" The drug was given intramuscularly at a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day in ten-day courses during each of three sequential months."	( Treatment of chronic type B hepatitis with multiple ten-day courses of adenine arabinoside monophosphate. Avigan, MI; Davis, GL; Hanson, RG; Hoofnagle, JH; Howard, R; Jones, EA; Pappas, SC; Peters, MG; Straus, SE; Waggoner, JG, 1985)	0.27
" Determinations of areas under the curve for arabinosyl hypoxanthine were not statistically different by dosage for intramuscular or intravenous routes of administration."	( Pharmacology, tolerance, and antiviral activity of vidarabine monophosphate in humans. Barton, NH; Buchanan, RA; Cobbs, CG; Diethelm, AG; Kinkel, AW; Pass, RF; Tucker, BC; Whelchel, JD; Whitley, RJ, 1980)	0.26
"Six patients with chronic type B hepatitis were treated with adenine arabinoside 5'-monophosphate at a dosage of 10 to 15 mg per kg per day for 10 days."	( Adenine arabinoside 5'-monophosphate treatment of chronic type B hepatitis. Dusheiko, GM; Gerin, JL; Hoofnagle, JH; Ishak, K; Johnson, R; Jones, EA; Minuk, GY; Schafer, DF; Straus, S, )	0.13
" In mice dosed with 500 mg/m2, the tissue distribution of metabolites was similar, but the levels were about tenfold higher."	( Disposition of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 5'-phosphate in mice and dogs. Duncan, GF; El Dareer, SM; Hill, DL; Noker, PE, 1983)	0.27
" After cessation of dosing with the conjugate, serum viral DNA levels remained depressed for 42 days."	( Conjugation of adenine arabinoside 5'-monophosphate to arabinogalactan: synthesis, characterization, and antiviral activity. Enriquez, PM; Josephson, L; Jung, C; Tennant, BC, )	0.13
" Mean (+/-SD) elimination half-life did not differ significantly between IV and oral dosage groups (11."	( Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and effects on electrocardiographic parameters of oral fludarabine phosphate. Greenblatt, DJ; Karyagina, EV; Lister-James, J; Lundberg, AS; Yin, W, 2010)	0.36
" These data suggest that clinical strategies are needed to optimize dosing of fludarabine to prevent overexposure and toxicity in HCT."	( High fludarabine exposure and relationship with treatment-related mortality after nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation. Brunstein, CG; Cao, Q; Green, KG; Jacobson, PA; Long-Boyle, JR; McGlave, PB; Miller, JS; Rogosheske, J; Wagner, JE; Weisdorf, DJ, 2011)	0.37

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID167894	Antiviral activity in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures against Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (McIntyre strain)	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID87797	Minimum inhibitory concentration against vaccinia virus in aneuploid (Hela) human cells	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID167901	Antiviral activity in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures against vesicular stomatitis virus	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID72031	Inhibitory effect on proliferation of Murine mammary Carcinoma (FM3A)	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID167891	Minimum cytotoxic concentration against herpes simplex virus in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID218250	Minimum cytotoxic concentration in vero cells of African green monkey kidney	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID167893	Antiviral activity in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures against Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (KOS strain)	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID88938	Minimum cytotoxic concentration in diploid (E6SM) human cell culture	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID167900	Antiviral activity in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures against vaccinia virus	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID1123235	Antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus 2 Magill infected in guinea pig assessed as prevention of vaginal discharge at 10% compound concentration treated intravaginally bid for 4 days measured on day 16 post-infection	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 22, Issue:3	Prodrugs of 9-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine 2. Synthesis and evaluation of a number of 2',3'- and 3',5'-di-O-acyl derivatives.
AID87796	Minimum cytotoxic concentration against vaccinia virus in aneuploid (Hela) human cells	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID167898	Antiviral activity in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures against Herpes simplex virus type 2 Strain G	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID1123238	Antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus 2 Magill infected in guinea pig assessed as prevention of paralysis at 10% compound concentration treated intravaginally bid for 4 days measured on day 16 post-infection	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 22, Issue:3	Prodrugs of 9-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine 2. Synthesis and evaluation of a number of 2',3'- and 3',5'-di-O-acyl derivatives.
AID1123232	Antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus 2 Magill infected in guinea pig assessed as prevention of inflammation at 10% compound concentration treated intravaginally bid for 4 days measured on day 16 post-infection	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 22, Issue:3	Prodrugs of 9-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine 2. Synthesis and evaluation of a number of 2',3'- and 3',5'-di-O-acyl derivatives.
AID1123240	Antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus 2 Magill infected in guinea pig assessed as prevention of death at 10% compound concentration treated intravaginally bid for 4 days measured on day 16 post-infection	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 22, Issue:3	Prodrugs of 9-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine 2. Synthesis and evaluation of a number of 2',3'- and 3',5'-di-O-acyl derivatives.
AID210143	Inhibitory effect on proliferation of Human T-Lymphoblast (Molt/4F) cells	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID167899	Antiviral activity in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures against Herpes simplex virus type 2 Strain Lyons	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID91266	Inhibitory effect on proliferation of Human B-Lymphoblast (Raji)	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID167895	Antiviral activity in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures against Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (TK-strain B2006)	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID167897	Antiviral activity in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures against Herpes simplex virus type 2 Strain 196	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID98694	Inhibitory effect on Proliferation of Murine Leukemia (L1210)	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID1123234	Antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus 2 Magill infected in guinea pig assessed as prevention of vesiculation of labia and vulva at 10% compound concentration treated intravaginally bid for 4 days measured on day 16 post-infection	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 22, Issue:3	Prodrugs of 9-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine 2. Synthesis and evaluation of a number of 2',3'- and 3',5'-di-O-acyl derivatives.
AID88939	Minimum inhibitory concentration against vaccinia virus in diploid (E6SM) human cell culture	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID167892	Antiviral activity in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures against Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (Fstrain)	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID218377	Minimum inhibitory concentration against vaccinia virus in vero cells of African green monkey kidney	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID167896	Antiviral activity in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures against Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (TK-strain VMW I837)	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 31, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of isomeric dinucleoside monophosphates and monomethylphosphonates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and related analogues.
AID1123230	Antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus 2 Magill infected in guinea pig assessed as cured animal at 10% compound concentration treated intravaginally bid for 4 days measured on day 16 post-infection	1979	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 22, Issue:3	Prodrugs of 9-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine 2. Synthesis and evaluation of a number of 2',3'- and 3',5'-di-O-acyl derivatives.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	176 (43.67)	18.7374
1990's	138 (34.24)	18.2507
2000's	67 (16.63)	29.6817
2010's	19 (4.71)	24.3611
2020's	3 (0.74)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	74 (17.92%)	5.53%
Reviews	42 (10.17%)	6.00%
Case Studies	30 (7.26%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	267 (64.65%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
adenine [no description available]	4.46	7	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phycoerythrin ara-ATP: structure	4.96	39	0
phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	4.66	9	0	monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids	antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	1.96	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.43	2	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	2.02	1	0	purine
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	1.97	1	0	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
spermidine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
thymine [no description available]	3.05	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
albendazole [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
anastrozole [no description available]	3.12	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	3.06	1	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
busulfan [no description available]	3.46	1	1	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	1.97	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	5.17	3	1	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	1.97	1	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
dilazep Dilazep: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity.. dilazep : A member of the class of diazepanes that is 1,4-diazepane substituted by 3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]propyl groups at positions 1 and 4. It is a potent adenosine uptake inhibitor that exhibits antiplatelet, antianginal and vasodilator properties.	1.97	1	0	benzoate ester; diazepane; diester; methoxybenzenes	cardioprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	1.97	1	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine 9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase	1.96	1	0
etanidazole Etanidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells that are normally resistant to radiation therapy.. etanidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. Used as a radiosensitising agent for hypoxic tumour cells.	3.07	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent
brl 42810 [no description available]	2	1	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	3.12	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	3.06	5	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
hexamethylene bisacetamide N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208	3.06	1	0	acetamides
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.66	3	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
letrozole [no description available]	3.12	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	3.06	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
entinostat [no description available]	2.02	1	0	benzamides; carbamate ester; primary amino compound; pyridines; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.37	2	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.66	3	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.03	1	0	isoquinolines
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	1.96	1	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
tegafur [no description available]	1.96	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
trimetrexate Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.	3.98	2	0
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.96	1	0	cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	3.07	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
thymidine [no description available]	4.95	9	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	3.15	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	10.55	11	8	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
idoxuridine [no description available]	5.82	7	1	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.37	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	2.65	3	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	3.48	2	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	1.97	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
cytidine monophosphate Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2	1	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cytidine diphosphate Cytidine Diphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate.	1.95	1	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	3.48	2	0	lactose
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	3.83	4	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
cytarabine [no description available]	6.4	13	1	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	4.45	5	1	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.02	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.02	1	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	4	2	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	2.01	1	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.12	1	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	3.47	2	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
thymidine monophosphate Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).	1.96	1	0	thymidine 5'-monophosphate	fundamental metabolite
2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.	2	1	0	2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	1.97	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	3.07	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
2-fluoroadenine 2-fluoroadenine : An organofluorine compound that is adenine in which the hydrogen at position 2 (the carbon between the two nitrogens of the pyrimidine ring) is replaced by a fluorine.	2.42	2	0	organofluorine compound; purines	antineoplastic agent
deoxycytidine [no description available]	4.52	4	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine [no description available]	3.06	5	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine diphosphate choline Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.	1.98	1	0	nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	3.12	1	0
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2.65	3	0	2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	1.97	1	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
cladribine [no description available]	7.12	11	1	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	13.15	70	7	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.13	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	1.97	1	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	2.03	1	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
coformycin [no description available]	3.57	9	0	coformycins	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate: A triphosphate nucleotide analog which is the biologically active form of CYTARABINE. It inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis.	5.14	11	1
1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1-nitrosourea 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1-nitrosourea: structure	1.96	1	0
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	3.97	2	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
fludarabine phosphate fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.	18.72	212	50	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	4.34	6	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	3.07	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
n,n'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-n,n'-diacetic acid [no description available]	1.97	1	0
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	5.43	6	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	3.99	2	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
elliptinium elliptinium: synthetic ellipticine deriv; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0	carbazoles
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	3.99	2	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	2.31	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
fazarabine fazarabine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-arabinofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. A synthetic analogue of cytosine arabinoside and 5-azacytidine that incorporates structural features of both compounds, it shows good activity against a variety of transplanted tumors.	3.07	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
fiacitabine fiacitabine: anti-herpes virus agent which also inhibits growth of certain human tumor cell lines in vitro.	1.96	1	0
fialuridine [no description available]	1.96	1	0
amonafide xanafide: salt formulation of amonafide; DNA-intercalating agent and topoisomerase II inhibitor	3.07	1	0	isoquinolines
gusperimus gusperimus: synthesized by chemical modification of spergualin; in combination with cyclosporin A prevents diabetes in predisposed NOD mice; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (-)-isomer trihydrochloride	3.99	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
flavone acetic acid flavone acetic acid: structure given in first source	4.61	3	0
brequinar brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.	3.99	2	0	biphenyls; monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
crisnatol crisnatol: structure given in first source	3.07	1	0
aromasil [no description available]	3.12	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulofenur sulofenur: a diarylsulfonylurea	3.07	1	0
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	3.5	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	5.97	4	2	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	3.12	1	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	2.37	2	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
gallium nitrate gallium nitrate: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.47	2	0
thymine arabinoside thymine arabinoside: selectively inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus	2.65	3	0	N-glycosyl compound
2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate ddTTP : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having thymine as the nucleobase.	2.36	2	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; thymidine phosphate
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	1.97	1	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate: RN given refers to dihydrogen phosphate	2	1	0
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1	1.97	1	0	purine nucleoside
3'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	1.98	1	0	purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent
edoxudin [no description available]	2.36	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.	3.07	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.12	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
7-hydroxystaurosporine [no description available]	4.37	1	1
tretazicar tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84)	2.13	1	0
8-azaadenosine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	N-glycosyl compound
5-iodotubercidin 7-iodotubercidin: inhibits Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase	2.41	1	0	organoiodine compound
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	3.12	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
mafosfamide mafosfamide: RN given refers to cis-(+-)-isomer	2.02	1	0
5-methoxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine 5-methoxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine: used in treatment of experimental herpes simplex keratitis	1.96	1	0
clofarabine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	adenosines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	3.83	3	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	3.12	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
6-methoxypurine arabinoside [no description available]	1.97	1	0
3-ft 3-FT: metabolite of FD-1; positional isomer of FTORAFUR	1.96	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.12	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	1.98	1	0	carbodiimide
2-fluoro-atp [no description available]	1.96	1	0
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	3.07	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
nogalamycin Nogalamycin: An anthrocycline from a Streptomyces nogalater variant. It is a cytolytic antineoplastic that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis by binding to DNA.. nogalamycin : An anthracycline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces nogalater. It is a DNA intercalator and exhibits anticancer properties.	3.99	2	0
metribolone Metribolone: A synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.. 17beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one : A synthetic non-aromatisable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.	2.06	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	androgen
6-methylpurine 2'-deoxyriboside [no description available]	2.42	2	0
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	1.96	1	0	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
menogaril Menogaril: A semisynthetic anthracycline with the amino sugar on the D ring. It displays broad-spectrum antineoplastic activity against a variety of tumors.	3.99	2	0
2'-fluorothymidine [no description available]	1.96	1	0
nsc 680410 NSC 680410: a bcr/abl kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
bortezomib [no description available]	3.12	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
arabinose [no description available]	1.95	1	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	8	15	1	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.	1.97	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	3.47	1	1	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
brivudine brivudine: anti-herpes agent	1.96	1	0
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	1.97	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
valrubicin [no description available]	1.96	1	0	anthracycline; trifluoroacetamide
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	3.98	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	3.22	6	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	4.88	4	2	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	3.09	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.07	1	0	isomethyleugenol
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	3.12	1	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
fludarabine [no description available]	8.04	15	2	purine nucleoside
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	1.95	1	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	2.37	2	0
alpha-2'-deoxythioguanosine alpha-2'-deoxythioguanosine: structure	2.41	1	0
thioinosinic acid [no description available]	1.95	1	0	purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; thiopurine
mitolactol Mitolactol: Alkylating antineoplastic toxic to bone marrow; used in breast cancer, also in combination with other drugs.	3.06	1	0	alcohol; organobromine compound
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	1.96	1	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
mitoguazone Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.	3.47	2	0	guanidines; hydrazone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.12	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	3.47	2	0	boron group element atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	1.98	1	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	2.36	2	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	2.43	2	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
perfosfamide [no description available]	2	1	0
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	4.37	1	1	ammonium ion derivative
aq4n AQ4N: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
arabinofuranosyluracil Arabinofuranosyluracil: A pyrimidine nucleoside formed in the body by the deamination of CYTARABINE.	1.96	1	0
abarelix abarelix: RN & structure in first source. abarelix : A polypeptide compound composed of ten natural and non-natural amino acid resiudes in a linear sequence.	3.12	1	0	polypeptide	antineoplastic agent; hormone antagonist
adenosine kinase Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.	1.95	1	0
2-fluoro-araatp [no description available]	3.09	5	0
sarkosyl sarkosyl: RN given is for sarkosyl L, the parent cpd; structure	1.97	1	0
arginine Teniposide: A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.. teniposide : A furonaphthodioxole that is a synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with anti-tumour activity; causes single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA and DNA-protein cross-links and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding.	1.97	1	0
echinomycin Echinomycin: A cytotoxic polypeptide quinoxaline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces echinatus that binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis.	3.99	2	0	cyclodepsipeptide
arabinogalactan [no description available]	3.49	2	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	1.96	1	0
oblimersen oblimersen: targets the Bcl-2 oncogene good efficacy with low toxicity tumour regressions	3.12	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	1.99	1	0
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	7.95	21	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	2.31	1	0	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	1.97	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.65	3	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	6.34	7	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.	1.95	1	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.67	3	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	3.09	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
hypoxanthine arabinoside hypoxanthine arabinoside: metabolite of adenine arabinoside used in therapy of ocular herpes	2.87	4	0
acyclovir monophosphate acyclovir monophosphate: structure given in first source	2.66	3	0
formycin b formycin B: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	1.97	1	0	formycin
formycins Formycins: Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.	2.37	2	0
9-arabinofuranosylguanine 9-arabinofuranosylguanine: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine : A purine nucleoside in which guanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death.	2.37	2	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
9-beta-d-arabinofuranosylguanosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.37	2	0
n(2)-(4-n-butylphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate N(2)-(4-n-butylphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate: RN & structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
eye [no description available]	1.96	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	4.58	10	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	4.58	10	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	3.29	6	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	3.29	6	0
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	2.41	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	7.71	15	2
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	7.71	15	2
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	7.03	8	4
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	7.03	8	4
Primary Myelofibrosis A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.	2.21	1	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	5.29	4	3
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	5.29	4	3
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	2.1	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	4.11	3	1
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	4.11	3	1
Myeloproliferative Disorders Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.	2.11	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	7.74	12	2
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	7.74	12	2
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.69	3	0
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	3.43	1	1
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	16.67	77	36
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	16.67	77	36
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available]	4.39	2	2
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	4.07	3	1
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	4.39	2	2
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	4.07	3	1
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	2.05	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, T Cell [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	2.05	1	0
Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, T-Cell A lymphoid leukemia characterized by a profound LYMPHOCYTOSIS with or without LYMPHADENOPATHY, hepatosplenomegaly, frequently rapid progression, and short survival. It was formerly called T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.05	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	4.37	1	1
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	4.37	1	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	3.11	5	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	4.46	5	1
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	4.46	5	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.68	3	0
B-Cell Leukemia [description not available]	4.37	1	1
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	7.08	4	3
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	7.08	4	3
Lymphocytosis Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion.	4.37	1	1
Recrudescence [description not available]	11.92	21	17
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	2.42	2	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia [description not available]	6.58	8	1
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	2.01	1	0
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.	6.58	8	1
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	9.43	22	12
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	9.43	22	12
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	7.34	7	4
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	7.34	7	4
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	2.01	1	0
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	2.01	1	0
Cryoglobulinemia A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas.	2.01	1	0
ATLL [description not available]	4.08	3	1
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	4.08	3	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	4.84	4	2
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.37	7	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	4.84	4	2
Erythroderma, Sezary [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Mycosis Fungoides A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.	3.78	2	1
Sezary Syndrome A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma manifested by generalized exfoliative ERYTHRODERMA; PRURITUS; peripheral lymphadenopathy, and abnormal hyperchromatic mononuclear (cerebriform) cells in the skin, LYMPH NODES, and peripheral blood (Sezary cells).	2.41	2	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.68	3	0
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	5.53	6	1
Franklin Disease [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	5.53	6	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.89	4	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.89	4	0
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	5.67	7	1
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	5.67	7	1
Granuloma, Plasma Cell, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	5.27	2	2
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	5.27	2	2
Cancer, Second Primary [description not available]	3.41	1	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	4.46	5	1
Infections, Taenia [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Taeniasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.	2.03	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.03	1	0
Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	2.03	1	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.	2.03	1	0
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	13.1	58	19
Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	15.24	25	14
Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available]	3.3	2	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	13.1	58	19
Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.	10.24	25	14
Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).	3.3	2	0
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	3.29	2	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	2.66	3	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Chicken Pox [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Chickenpox A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.87	4	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	3.79	4	0
Shingles [description not available]	2.87	4	0
B Virus Infection [description not available]	4.44	5	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	3.79	4	0
Herpes Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.87	4	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	1.95	1	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	1.95	1	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	2.37	2	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	2.36	2	0
Ectromelia, Infectious A viral infection of mice, causing edema and necrosis followed by limb loss.	2.36	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	3.98	5	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	3.98	5	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	9.11	18	6
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	9.11	18	6
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Furrow Keratitis [description not available]	4.26	4	1
Genital Herpes [description not available]	4.04	3	1
Herpes Genitalis Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.	4.04	3	1
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	2.65	3	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	1.96	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	3.07	5	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.22	6	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	1.96	1	0
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	2.36	2	0
Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available]	2.88	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.88	1	0
Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).	2.88	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.88	1	0
Lassitude [description not available]	3.35	1	1
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	3.35	1	1
Leukemia L5178 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.	2.37	2	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	3.35	1	1
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	4.83	4	2
Ache [description not available]	3.35	1	1
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	3.35	1	1
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	4.83	4	2
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	3.35	1	1
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	3.76	2	1
Hepatitis, Viral, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.	2.66	3	0
Hairy Cell Leukemia [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Leukemia, Hairy Cell A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of hairy or flagellated cells in the blood and bone marrow.	2.68	3	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	6.76	5	3
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	5.79	8	0
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	6.76	5	3
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	5.79	8	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Tumour Lysis Syndrome [description not available]	3.59	3	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.38	2	0
Tumor Lysis Syndrome A syndrome resulting from cytotoxic therapy, occurring generally in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. It is characterized by combinations of hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia.	3.59	3	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	3.37	1	1
Metastase [description not available]	4.62	3	2
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	3.77	2	1
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	3.37	1	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	4.62	3	2
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	3.77	2	1
Kahler Disease [description not available]	3.8	4	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	3.8	4	0
Duncan Disease [description not available]	5.84	5	1
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	5.84	5	1
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	2.89	4	0
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.	1.98	1	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	2.66	3	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	1.98	1	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	5.37	5	1
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	3.3	2	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	3.3	2	0
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	4.06	3	1
Viremia The presence of viruses in the blood.	2.68	3	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	1.99	1	0
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	2.9	1	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	3.77	2	1
Peritonitis, Tuberculous A form of PERITONITIS seen in patients with TUBERCULOSIS, characterized by lesion either as a miliary form or as a pelvic mass on the peritoneal surfaces. Most patients have ASCITES, abdominal swelling, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and other systemic symptoms such as FEVER; WEIGHT LOSS; and ANEMIA.	1.99	1	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	3.77	2	1
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	3.59	3	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	3.59	3	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	1.99	1	0
Cancer of Oropharnyx [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.	1.99	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	1.99	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	10	11	11
Astroviridae Infections Infections with ASTROVIRIDAE, causing gastroenteritis in human infants, calves, lambs, and piglets.	2	1	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	2	1	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2	1	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2	1	0
AIDS, Murine [description not available]	2	1	0
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	2.38	2	0
Infection [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	2.92	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.36	2	0
Cold Sore [description not available]	4.31	2	2
Herpes Labialis Herpes simplex, caused by type 1 virus, primarily spread by oral secretions and usually occurring as a concomitant of fever. It may also develop in the absence of fever or prior illness. It commonly involves the facial region, especially the lips and the nares. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	4.31	2	2
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	1.95	1	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	2.87	1	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	1.95	1	0
Arboviral Encephalitis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Vaccinia The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.	1.95	1	0
Inner Ear Disease [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Labyrinth Diseases Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).	1.95	1	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	2.66	3	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	4.97	3	1
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	4.97	3	1
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	3.36	1	1
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	3.36	1	1
Concomitant Strabismus [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	1.97	1	0
Blepharospasm Excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle.	1.97	1	0
Strabismus Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)	1.97	1	0
Dysesthesia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.37	2	0
Amazon Black Fever [description not available]	4.05	3	0
Hepatitis D INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	4.05	3	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	2.38	2	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Prolymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Leukemia, Prolymphocytic A chronic leukemia characterized by a large number of circulating prolymphocytes. It can arise spontaneously or as a consequence of transformation of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA.	2.38	2	0
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	3.36	1	1
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	3.76	2	1
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	3.36	1	1
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	3.36	1	1
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	3.76	2	1
Infections, Yersinia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Transfusion Reaction Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.	1.97	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	4.27	4	1
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	4.27	4	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	1.97	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	1.96	1	0
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	1.96	1	0
Ewing Sarcoma [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	1.96	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	1.96	1	0
Sarcoma, Ewing A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.	1.96	1	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	2.66	3	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.96	1	0
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	1.96	1	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Amaurosis [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	1.96	1	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	1.96	1	0
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	2.37	2	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	1.96	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	3.35	1	1
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Day Blindness [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	2.37	2	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.37	2	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	2.37	2	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	4.32	2	2
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	4.32	2	2
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.37	2	0
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	2.37	2	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	1.97	1	0

vidarabine phosphate

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