Compounds > methyl 5-aminolevulinate
Page last updated: 2024-12-08

methyl 5-aminolevulinate

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Description

methyl 5-aminolevulinate: esterified form of aminolevulinic acid used as PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

methyl 5-aminolevulinate : The methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application (often as the hydrochloride salt) results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID157922
CHEMBL ID1096562
CHEBI ID724125
SCHEMBL ID8521
MeSH IDM0451457

Synonyms (41)

Synonym
unii-585nm85kym
585nm85kym ,
methyl aminolevulinate
methyl 5-aminolevulinate
methyl delta-aminolevulinate
aminolevulinic acid methyl ester
DB00992
5-aminolevulinic acid methyl ester
pentanoic acid, 5-amino-4-oxo-, methyl ester
NCGC00018251-01
metvix
levulinic acid, 5-amino-, methyl ester
methyl 5-amino-4-oxopentanoate
CHEBI:724125 ,
D08204
33320-16-0
methyl aminolaevulinate
methyl-5-aminolevulinate
CHEMBL1096562
methylaminolevulinate
NCGC00018251-04
NCGC00018251-02
maop cpd
5-amino-4-oxo-pentanoic acid methyl ester
AKOS006220489
methyl aminolevulinate [who-dd]
methyl aminolevulinate [mi]
methyl aminolevulinate [vandf]
SCHEMBL8521
YUUAYBAIHCDHHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
DTXSID3048570
NCGC00018251-05
d-aminolevulinicacidmethylesterhydrochloride
5-aminolavulinsauremethylester
methyl5-amino-4-oxopentanoate
FT-0760150
Q619603
HY-A0169
methyl-aminolevulinate
CS-0017508
EN300-245968

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" This method of enhancement was safely applied to a clinical PDT protocol with no unexpected adverse effects reported."( Enhancement of methyl-aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy by iron chelation with CP94: an in vitro investigation and clinical dose-escalating safety study for the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma.
Campbell, S; Curnow, A; Pye, A, 2008)		0.35
" Mild or moderate adverse effects were similar for both groups."( Effectiveness and safety of 0·5% colchicine cream vs. photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolaevulinate in the treatment of actinic keratosis and skin field cancerization of the forearms: a randomized controlled trial.
Abbade, LPF; Ferreira, ER; Lima, TRR; Miola, AC; Miot, HA; Schmitt, JV, 2018)		0.48
"COL 0·5% cream and MAL-PDT are safe and effective for treating SFC."( Effectiveness and safety of 0·5% colchicine cream vs. photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolaevulinate in the treatment of actinic keratosis and skin field cancerization of the forearms: a randomized controlled trial.
Abbade, LPF; Ferreira, ER; Lima, TRR; Miola, AC; Miot, HA; Schmitt, JV, 2018)		0.48

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The study reported herein evaluated the effect on acne vulgaris of IPL alone and when IPL was combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) in Asians."( A comparative study of intense pulsed light alone and its combination with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of facial acne in Asian skin.
Bjerring, P; Chan, HH; Kono, T; Shek, SY; Yeung, CK; Yu, CS, 2007)		0.34
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (4)

RoleDescription
antineoplastic agentA substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
photosensitizing agentA chemical compound that can be excited by light of a specific wavelength and subsequently transfer energy to a chosen reactant. This is commonly molecular oxygen within a cancer tissue, which is converted to (highly rective) singlet state oxygen. This rapidly reacts with any nearby biomolecules, ultimately killing the cancer cells.
prodrugA compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
dermatologic drugA drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
delta-amino acid esterAny ester of a delta-amino acid.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (51)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1564488Prodrug activation in human A375 cells assessed as increase in GSH-mediated PpIX production at 100 to 300 uM incubated for 4 hrs by fluorescence based assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID1564459Prodrug activation in human HeLa cells assessed as increase in GSH-mediated PpIX production at 1000 uM incubated for 4 hrs by fluorescence based assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID1564473Photosensitization activity against human A549 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM incubated for 4 hrs followed by LED light array irradiation followed by further incubation for 24 hrs by MTT assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID1564443Chemical stability of the compound in buffer at 1M at pH 7.4 by HPLC analysis2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID519382Induction of photoactive porphyrins in Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as uroporphyrin level exposed to irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light by HPLC2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID1564474Photosensitization activity against human A375 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM incubated for 4 hrs followed by LED light array irradiation followed by further incubation for 24 hrs by MTT assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID519390Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as reduction in microbial viability incubated at 30 mM for 4 hrs under dark condition2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID519401Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa assessed as microbial survival fraction incubated at 10 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1564465Photosensitization activity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM incubated for 4 hrs followed by LED light array irradiation followed by further incubation for 24 hrs by MTT assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID1564455Prodrug activation in human HeLa cells assessed as increase in GSH-mediated PpIX production at 10 to 300 uM incubated for 4 hrs by fluorescence based assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID1304423Antitumor activity against human A431 cells ectopically xenografted in topically dosed SCID mouse assessed as tumor growth pretreated for 4 hrs via Metvix cream followed by 220 J/cm'-2 ultrasound irradiation measured on day 7 post dosing relative to contr2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13
Comparing the efficacy of photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy in non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer.
AID1304424Antitumor activity against human A431 cells ectopically xenografted in topically dosed SCID mouse assessed as tumor growth treated for 4 hrs via Metvix cream measured on day 7 post dosing relative to control2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13
Comparing the efficacy of photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy in non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer.
AID1304426Toxicity in topically dosed SCID mouse xenografted ectopically with human A431 cells assessed as reduction in body weight pretreated for 4 hrs via Metvix cream followed by 220 J/cm'-2 ultrasound irradiation measured on day 7 post dosing2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13
Comparing the efficacy of photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy in non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer.
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1564442Chemical stability of the compound in buffer at 1M at pH 4 by HPLC analysis2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID1564464Photosensitization activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 4 hrs followed by LED light array irradiation followed by further incubation for 24 hrs by MTT assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID519403Induction of photoactive porphyrins in Escherichia coli Ti05 assessed as porphyrin level per 10'-6 CFU microbial load incubated at 10 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID519398Induction of photoactive porphyrins in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus assessed as porphyrin level per 10'-6 CFU microbial load incubated at 10 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID1564461Prodrug activation in human HeLa cells assessed as increase in GSH-mediated PpIX production at 100 uM incubated for 4 hrs by fluorescence imaging analysis2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID1564472Photosensitization activity against human HCT116 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM incubated for 4 hrs followed by LED light array irradiation followed by further incubation for 24 hrs by MTT assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID519384Induction of photoactive porphyrins in Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as porphyrin 7-CP level exposed to irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light by HPLC2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID519385Induction of photoactive porphyrins in Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as porphyrin 6-CP level exposed to irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light by HPLC2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID519388Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as reduction in microbial viability incubated at 10 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID519404Induction of photoactive porphyrins in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus assessed as porphyrin level per 10'-6 CFU microbial load incubated at 10 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID519394Antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus assessed as microbial survival fraction incubated at 10 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID519494Induction of photoactive porphyrins in Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as porphyrin 5-CP level exposed to irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light by HPLC2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID519399Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as microbial survival fraction incubated at 10 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID1564482Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell viability at 10 to 1000 uM incubated for 4 hrs measured under dark conditions by MTT assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1564444Chemical stability of the compound in buffer at 1M at pH 9 by HPLC analysis2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1564487Prodrug activation in human A549 cells assessed as increase in GSH-mediated PpIX production at 100 to 300 uM incubated for 4 hrs by fluorescence based assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1304425Toxicity in topically dosed SCID mouse xenografted ectopically with human A431 cells assessed as reduction in body weight pretreated for 4 hrs via Metvix cream followed by 40 J/cm'-2 red light irradiation measured on day 7 post dosing2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13
Comparing the efficacy of photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy in non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer.
AID477295Octanol-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 45, Issue:4
QSPR modeling of octanol/water partition coefficient of antineoplastic agents by balance of correlations.
AID1564486Prodrug activation in human HCT116 cells assessed as increase in GSH-mediated PpIX production at 100 to 300 uM incubated for 4 hrs by fluorescence based assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID1304422Antitumor activity against human A431 cells ectopically xenografted in topically dosed SCID mouse assessed as tumor growth pretreated for 4 hrs via Metvix cream followed by 40 J/cm'-2 red light irradiation measured on day 7 post dosing relative to control2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 24, Issue:13
Comparing the efficacy of photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy in non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer.
AID519400Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli Ti05 assessed as microbial survival fraction incubated at 10 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
AID1564480n-octanol/water partition coefficient, log P of the compound at 1M incubated for 0.5 hrs by HPLC analysis2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181A new GSH-responsive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
AID519402Induction of photoactive porphyrins in Escherichia coli K-12 assessed as porphyrin level per 10'-6 CFU microbial load incubated at 10 mM followed by irradiation at 120 J.cm2 light relative to untreated control2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Apr, Volume: 52, Issue:4
Effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (479)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's130 (27.14)29.6817
2010's318 (66.39)24.3611
2020's31 (6.47)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 13.39

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index13.39 (24.57)
Research Supply Index6.52 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.73 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index10.37 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (13.39)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials152 (29.01%)5.53%
Reviews63 (12.02%)6.00%
Case Studies92 (17.56%)4.05%
Observational11 (2.10%)0.25%
Other206 (39.31%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (47)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Subject Reported Outcomes on Satisfaction, Safety and Efficacy With Luxerm® in the Field-directed Treatment of Thin or Non-hyperkeratotic and Non-pigmented Actinic Keratosis of the Face or the Scalp [NCT03511326]Phase 450 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-07Completed
Effects of Topical Dynamic Phototherapy (TDP) on the Microbiota of Chronic Wounds: a Pilot Study [NCT02392390]10 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-31Completed
Surgical Excision Versus Photodynamic Therapy and Topical 5-fluorouracil in Treatment of Bowen's Disease: a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03909646]Phase 4250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-05-27Recruiting
A Phase I Study for Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma to Determine the Irradiance - Dependent Pain Threshold for Methylaminolevulinate (MAL)/PDT. [NCT01292668]Phase 121 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-31Completed
A Randomized, Prospective Study Comparing Methyl Aminolaevulinate Photodynamic Therapy With and Without Er:YAG Ablative Fractional Laser Treatment for Actinic Cheilitis [NCT02198469]Phase 133 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
Topical Ingenol Mebutate Versus 5% 5-fluorouracil Versus 5% Imiquimod Versus Photodynamic Therapy in Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: a Multi-centre Randomized Efficacy and Cost-effectiveness Study [NCT02281682]Phase 4624 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-30Active, not recruiting
A Double-blind Randomized-controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Methyl Aminolevulinate + Daylight vs Placebo + Daylight in Patients With Facial Photodamage [NCT02139618]Phase 260 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-04-30Completed
New Treatments for Actinic Keratoses of the Scalp [NCT05456334]120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-03-24Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Methyl Aminolevulinate + Aktilite in Patients With Facial Photodamage [NCT00629317]Phase 349 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
A Blinded, Randomized, Intra-individual, Vehicle-controlled and Multi-centre Study of Photodynamic Therapy With MAL Cream in Patients With Skin Type V or VI With Acne Vulgaris [NCT00673933]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Clinical Evaluation of a Short Illumination Duration (35 Minutes) When Performing Photodynamic Therapy of Actinic Keratosis Using the Dermaris ® [NCT05522036]25 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-01-01Completed
A Randomised Trial Comparing Methyl Aminolaevulinate Photodynamic Therapy With and Without Ablative Fractional Laser Treatment in Patients With Microinvasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results From a 24-month Follow-up [NCT02666534]Phase 145 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
[NCT00711178]150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-06-30Completed
Comparative Intraindividual Study, About the Efficacy and Safety of Treatment of Actinic Keratoses With Photodynamic Therapy Between Acid Methyl Aminolevulinate Cream and Aminolevulinic Gel [NCT02647151]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-12-31Recruiting
Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter, Two-armed, Study Comparing Daylight Photodynamic Therapy Using MAL With Cryosurgery for the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Actinic Keratoses in Photodamaged Skin of the Face [NCT02736760]Phase 458 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-03-03Completed
A Randomized, Intra-individual, Prospective Study Comparing Methyl Aminolaevulinate Photodynamic Therapy With and Without Er:YAG Ablative Fractional Laser Treatment in Asian Patients With Lower Extremity Bowen's Disease [NCT01912976]Phase 121 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-31Completed
Gene Expression in Renal Transplant Patients With Field Actinic Keratosis Undergoing Metvix® PDT [NCT01000636]Phase 49 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-31Completed
Observational Study to Evaluate Clinical Practice and Satisfaction With Metvix® Daylight Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in the Treatment of Mild and/or Moderate Actinic Keratosis of the Face and/or the Scalp [NCT02674048]406 participants (Actual)Observational2015-09-30Completed
A Multicenter, Phase III, Double Blind Study of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) With Metvix 160 mg/g Cream in Comparison to PDT With Placebo Cream in Patients With Primary Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma [NCT00472108]Phase 365 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-12-31Completed
A Multicentre, Randomised Study of Photodynamic Therapy(PDT) With Metvix® 160 mg/g Cream in Immuno-compromised Patients With Non-melanoma Skin Cancer [NCT00472459]Phase 381 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-07-31Completed
Daylight Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratosis and Skin Field Cancerization - Clinical and Histopathological Analysis [NCT03013647]20 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-09-30Recruiting
Methyl Aminolevulinate (MAL) and Hexaminolevulinate (HAL) Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)of Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions (SIL) - a Double-blind Dose-finding Study [NCT00369018]Phase 1/Phase 296 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-08-31Completed
Treatment of Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma by Topical Photodynamic Therapy With Fractionated 5-aminolevulinic Acid 20% Versus Two Stage Topical Photodynamic Therapy With Methylaminolevulinate [NCT01491711]Phase 4162 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2013-08-31Recruiting
A Multicentre, Phase III, Double Blind Study of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) With Metvix® 160 mg/g Cream in Comparison to PDT With Placebo Cream in Patients With Primary Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma. [NCT00472043]Phase 366 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-10-31Completed
Compassionate Use of Metvix® (Methyl Aminolevulinate) PDT in Subjects With Field Actinic Keratoses, Large/Multiple Superficial BCCs, or Bowen's Disease [NCT00535080]0 participants Expanded AccessNo longer available
A Randomized Controlled Blinded Multi-centre Study of Photodynamic Therapy With Methyl-aminolevulinate Comparing a Simplified Regime With the Approved Regime in Patients With Clinical Low-risk Superficial and Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma. [NCT01482104]277 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-06-30Completed
Comparison of Metvix PDT With Its Vehicle in the Treatment of Photoaged Skin [NCT00437320]Phase 245 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
Laser-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy of Acne Vulgaris and Rosacea [NCT00483145]0 participants Interventional2006-11-30Completed
A Multicenter, Phase III, Randomised Study of Photodynamic Therapy With Metvix Cream 160 mg/g in Comparison With Cryotherapy in Patients With Primary Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma [NCT00469417]Phase 3120 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-10-31Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy With Short Incubation Methylaminolevulinate Without Occlusion in the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses. [NCT00926952]Phase 320 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Completed
A Multicenter, Double Blind, Vehicle-controlled, Randomized Study of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) With Metvix 160 mg/g Cream and Aktilite CL128 LED Light in Patients With Multiple Actinic Keratosis on the Face and/or Scalp [NCT00304239]Phase 3131 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-03-13Completed
Non-interventional Study Investigating Photodynamic Therapy With Artificial Daylight Under Routine Clinical Conditions in Patients With Actinic Keratosis (ArtLight) [NCT05725213]350 participants (Anticipated)Observational2022-11-01Recruiting
[NCT00594425]Phase 2150 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-28Completed
Multi-centre, Randomized, Investigator-blind, Intra-individual Active and Vehicle-controlled Study, Comparing Metvix Natural Daylight Photodynamic Therapy Versus Metvix Conventional Photodynamic Therapy in Subjects With Actinic Keratosis [NCT01821391]Phase 3131 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-31Completed
A Multicenter, Double Blind, Vehicle-Controlled, Randomized Study of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) With Metvix 160 Mg/g Cream and Aktilite CL128 LED Light in Patients With Multiple Actinic Keratosis on the Face and/or Scalp [NCT00306800]Phase 380 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-09-30Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Metvix® Natural Daylight Photodynamic Therapy Versus Conventional Metvix® Photodynamic Therapy in Subject With Mild Actinic Keratoses [NCT02373371]Phase 326 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-25Completed
Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of Photodamaged Skin Submitted to MAL-PDT [NCT00843323]26 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Full and a Fractional Ablative Carbon Dioxide Laser as Pretreatment for Photodynamic Therapy in the Management of Superficial Non Melanoma Skin Cancer [NCT03012009]16 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
"An Open Multicenter, Phase III Study of Photodynamic Therapy With Metvix® Cream 160 mg/g in Patients With High Risk Basal Cell Carcinoma" [NCT00473343]Phase 3102 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-09-30Completed
Evaluation of the Ability of PpIX Fluorescence to Mark High-grade Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia Following the Methyl Aminolevulinate (Metvixia®) Application [NCT05104099]Phase 217 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-11-29Recruiting
Intra-individual Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Metvix® Natural Daylight Photodynamic Therapy Versus Conventional Metvix® Photodynamic Therapy in Subject With Mild Actinic Keratoses. [NCT01475071]Phase 3100 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-03-31Completed
Long-term Efficacy of Ablative Fractional Laser-assisted Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Lower Extremity Bowen's Disease: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial With 5-year Follow up [NCT03320447]Phase 160 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-30Completed
Daylight Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratoses: a Multicentre Study Comparing Two Photosensitizers (BF-200 ALA Versus MAL) [NCT02464709]Phase 472 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-06-30Completed
Superficial Basal Cell Cancer's Photodynamic Therapy: Comparing Three Photosensitizers: Hexylaminolevulinate and Aminolevulinic Acid Nano Emulsion Versus Methylaminolevulinate [NCT02367547]Phase 1/Phase 2117 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-31Active, not recruiting
Daylight-mediated Photodynamic Therapy of Actinic Keratoses: a Randomized, Double-blinded Pilot Study Comparing Topical 0.2% Hexylaminolaevulinate With 16% Methylaminolaevulinate [NCT02149342]Phase 1/Phase 214 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
Exploratory Study to Compare Mechanical Penetration Enhancers on Metvixia Skin Penetration [NCT02511145]Phase 110 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Completed
A Randomized, Observer Blind, Multinational Phase III Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of BF-200 ALA (Ameluz®) in Comparison to Metvix® in the Treatment of Non-aggressive Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) With Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) [NCT02144077]Phase 3281 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-28Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00304239 (3) [back to overview]Participant Complete Response Rate (CRR)
NCT00304239 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With at Least One Treatment Site Adverse Events
NCT00304239 (3) [back to overview]Lesion Complete Response Rate
NCT00473343 (6) [back to overview]Recurrence Rate in Complete Clearance Group
NCT00473343 (6) [back to overview]Overall Cosmetic Outcome Assessed by Participants 3 Months After the Last Metvix PDT Cycle
NCT00473343 (6) [back to overview]Overall Cosmetic Outcome Assessed by Investigator 3 Months After the Last Metvix PDT Cycle
NCT00473343 (6) [back to overview]Overall Cosmetic Outcome Assessed by Investigator 24, 36, 48, and 60 Months After the Last Metvix PDT Cycle
NCT00473343 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Histologically Confirmed Patient Complete Response (CR) 3 Months After Last Metvix PDT Cycle
NCT00473343 (6) [back to overview]Number of Lesion With Complete Response 3 Months After Last Metvix PDT Cycle
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After Last Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After Last Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After Fourth Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After Second Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After Third Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After Last Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After Last Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain.
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain.
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain.
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Median Percentage Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Median Percentage Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Median Percentage Change in Facial Non Inflammatory Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Percent Reduction in Total Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After Last Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After Last Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema 2 Days After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema 7 Days After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After Fourth Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After Second Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After Third Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Success, Defined as Improvement of at Least 2 Grades From Baseline According to the IGA Scale Based on Facial Assessment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Success, Defined as Improvement of at Least 2 Grades From Baseline According to the IGA Scale Based on Facial Assessment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After First Treatment
NCT00594425 (34) [back to overview]The Proportion of Patients Rated as Clear or Almost Clear at 12 Weeks After Last Treatment
NCT00673933 (6) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Moderate to Severe Hypopigmentation and Hyperpigmentation Assessed After Treatment
NCT00673933 (6) [back to overview]Erythema Score (Mild and Moderate)Immediately After First PDT
NCT00673933 (6) [back to overview]Erythema Score (Mild and Moderate)1 Day After First Treatment
NCT00673933 (6) [back to overview]Change in Noninflammatory Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00673933 (6) [back to overview]Change in Inflammatory Lesion Counts From Baseline
NCT00673933 (6) [back to overview]Erythema Score (Mild and Moderate)Immediately After Second Treatment
NCT00926952 (9) [back to overview]Mean Coarse Wrinkling Score at Week 12
NCT00926952 (9) [back to overview]Mean Fine Wrinkling Score at Week 12
NCT00926952 (9) [back to overview]Mean Griffiths Photonumeric Scale for Photodamage Score at Week 12
NCT00926952 (9) [back to overview]Mean Mottled Hyperpigmentation at Week 12
NCT00926952 (9) [back to overview]Mean Number of Facial Actinic Keratoses at Week 12
NCT00926952 (9) [back to overview]Mean Sallowness Score at Week 12
NCT00926952 (9) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Complete Clinical Response of All Actinic Keratoses at Week 12
NCT00926952 (9) [back to overview]Number of Actinic Keratosis Lesions With Complete Clinical Response at Day 0 and Week 12
NCT00926952 (9) [back to overview]Number of Adverse Events
NCT01000636 (2) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Lesion Count at Week 18
NCT01000636 (2) [back to overview]Global Percent Change From Baseline in AK Lesion Count in the Target Field (Including New and Recurrent Lesions) at Month15
NCT01475071 (2) [back to overview]Lesion Response
NCT01475071 (2) [back to overview]Pain Score
NCT01821391 (1) [back to overview]Percentage (%) Change From Baseline in Total Lesion Complete Response at Week 12 in Group 1
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]Lesion Recurrence Rate (Cumulative)
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]Lesion Complete Response Assessed 12 Weeks After the Last PDT
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]Overall Patient Complete Response Rate Assessed 12 Weeks After the Last PDT
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]Patient Complete Response 12 Weeks After PDT-2
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]Patient Recurrence Rate (Overall, Cumulative)
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]Reduction of Lesion Area 12 Weeks After the Last PDT Compared to Baseline
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]Cosmetic Outcome 12 Weeks After Last PDT (Including Patients With a Sum Score of 0 at Baseline)
NCT02144077 (8) [back to overview]Cosmetic Outcome 12 Weeks After the Last PDT (Including Patients With a Baseline Sum Score >1)
NCT02149342 (4) [back to overview]Adverse Reactions
NCT02149342 (4) [back to overview]Clinical Lesion Clearance
NCT02149342 (4) [back to overview]Histological Lesion Clearance
NCT02149342 (4) [back to overview]Pain Assesment (Visual Analog Scale)
NCT02373371 (4) [back to overview]Lesions Disappearance Rate at 6 Months From Baseline.
NCT02373371 (4) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline in Total Number of Treated Mild Lesions Per Side at Week 12
NCT02373371 (4) [back to overview]Lesions Disappearance Rate at 1 Months From Baseline.
NCT02373371 (4) [back to overview]Pain Assesment
NCT03511326 (2) [back to overview]Overall Subject Satisfaction the Day of Treatment After Daylight Session
NCT03511326 (2) [back to overview]Overall Subject Satisfaction at Week 12 Post-treatment

Participant Complete Response Rate (CRR)

Participant complete response rate was defined as the percentage of participants with complete response. Complete response was defined as the complete disappearance of the lesion determined by clinical assessment (visual inspection and palpation) by an investigator. (NCT00304239)
Timeframe: At Week 13

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Metvix-PDT68.4
Vehicle-PDT6.9

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Number of Participants With at Least One Treatment Site Adverse Events

An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily had a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory value), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal (investigational) product, whether or not related to the medicinal (investigational) product. Number of participants with at least one treatment site adverse events were reported. (NCT00304239)
Timeframe: From start of study drug administration up to Week 13

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Metvix-PDT61
Vehicle-PDT27

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Lesion Complete Response Rate

Lesion complete response rate was defined as the percentage of pre-existing and treated lesions at baseline that were assessed as clear (complete disappearance of the lesion, visually and by palpation) after treatment. Percentage of lesions reported by location. (NCT00304239)
Timeframe: At Week 13

,
InterventionPercentage of lesions (Number)
FaceScalp
Metvix-PDT8981
Vehicle-PDT2830

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Recurrence Rate in Complete Clearance Group

Recurrence rate in complete clearance(CC) group was analyzed. (NCT00473343)
Timeframe: 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months after last Metvix PDT cycle, up to 5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
12 months24 months36 months48 months60 months
Metvix® PDT816202123

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Overall Cosmetic Outcome Assessed by Participants 3 Months After the Last Metvix PDT Cycle

"Cosmetic outcome was assessed by both investigator and participants in participants with 100% of lesions in complete response. Overall cosmetic outcome was assessed with regard to occurrence of the following signs or symptoms; scarring, atrophy, induration, redness or change in pigmentation. The participants graded the cosmetic outcome as:~excellent: no scarring, atrophy or induration, and no or slight occurrence of redness or change in pigmentation compared lo adjacent skin good: no scarring, atrophy or induration but moderate redness or change in pigmentation compared to adjacent skin fair: slight to moderate occurrence of scarring, atrophy or induration poor: extensive occurrence of scarring, atrophy or induration." (NCT00473343)
Timeframe: 3 months after the last metvix PDT cycle, up to 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Participants: ExcellentParticipants: GoodParticipants: FairParticipants: Not applicable
Metvix® PDT403920

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Overall Cosmetic Outcome Assessed by Investigator 3 Months After the Last Metvix PDT Cycle

"Cosmetic outcome was assessed by both investigator and participants in participants with 100% of lesions in complete response. Overall cosmetic outcome was assessed with regard to occurrence of the following signs or symptoms; scarring, atrophy, induration, redness or change in pigmentation. The investigator graded the cosmetic outcome as:~excellent: no scarring, atrophy or induration, and no or slight occurrence of redness or change in pigmentation compared lo adjacent skin~good: no scarring, atrophy or induration but moderate redness or change in pigmentation compared to adjacent skin~fair: slight to moderate occurrence of scarring, atrophy or induration~poor: extensive occurrence of scarring, atrophy or induration." (NCT00473343)
Timeframe: 3 months after the last metvix PDT cycle, up to 6 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Investigator: ExcellentInvestigator: GoodInvestigator: FairInvestigator: Not applicable
Metvix® PDT3716281

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Overall Cosmetic Outcome Assessed by Investigator 24, 36, 48, and 60 Months After the Last Metvix PDT Cycle

"Cosmetic outcome was assessed by both investigator and participants in participants with 100% of lesions in complete response. Overall cosmetic outcome was assessed with regard to occurrence of the following signs or symptoms; scarring, atrophy, induration, redness or change in pigmentation. The investigator graded the cosmetic outcome as:~excellent: no scarring, atrophy or induration, and no or slight occurrence of redness or change in pigmentation compared lo adjacent skin good: no scarring, atrophy or induration but moderate redness or change in pigmentation compared to adjacent skin fair: slight to moderate occurrence of scarring, atrophy or induration poor: extensive occurrence of scarring, atrophy or induration." (NCT00473343)
Timeframe: 24, 36, and 60 Months After the Last Metvix PDT Cycle, up to 5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Excellent: At 24 monthGood: At 24 monthFair: At 24 monthPoor: At 24 monthExcellent: At 36 monthGood: At 36 monthFair: At 36 monthExcellent: At 60 monthGood: At 60 monthFair: At 60 month
Metvix® PDT341571311363571

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Percentage of Participants With Histologically Confirmed Patient Complete Response (CR) 3 Months After Last Metvix PDT Cycle

Patient Complete Response (CR) was defined as 100 percentage of the lesions within the participant having negative findings for nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the histological examination. (NCT00473343)
Timeframe: 3 months after last Metvix PDT cycle, up to 6 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Metvix® PDT80

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Number of Lesion With Complete Response 3 Months After Last Metvix PDT Cycle

Complete response was defined as no clinically visible BCC lesions in the treatment area. (NCT00473343)
Timeframe: 3 months after last Metvix PDT cycle, up to 6 months

Interventionlesions (Number)
Metvix® PDT141

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After Last Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after last treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT2.2
80 mg/g MAL PDT0.0
Vehicle PDT0.0

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After First Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: immediately after first treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT75.1
80 mg/g MAL PDT61.7
Vehicle PDT17.6

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After First Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 2 weeks after first treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT2.0
80 mg/g MAL PDT0.0
Vehicle PDT0.0

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After First Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 2 days after first treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT2.1
80 mg/g MAL PDT0.0
Vehicle PDT0.0

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After Last Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 2 weeks after last treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT8.6
80 mg/g MAL PDT21.1
Vehicle PDT4.4

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After First Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 2 days after first treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT44.9
80 mg/g MAL PDT44.7
Vehicle PDT17.6

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After Fourth Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: immediately after fourth treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT45.9
80 mg/g MAL PDT63.1
Vehicle PDT15.2

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After Second Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: immediately after second treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT67.4
80 mg/g MAL PDT65.8
Vehicle PDT18.0

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Erythema After Third Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: immediately after third treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT67.4
80 mg/g MAL PDT71.1
Vehicle PDT16.7

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After First Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 2 days after treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT6.3
80 mg/g MAL PDT4.3
Vehicle PDT5.9

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After First Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 2 weeks after first treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT2.0
80 mg/g MAL PDT10.8
Vehicle PDT5.9

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After Last Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after last treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT4.4
80 mg/g MAL PDT5.3
Vehicle PDT6.7

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hyperpigmentation After Last Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 6 weeks after last treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT6.8
80 mg/g MAL PDT8.1
Vehicle PDT9.3

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Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after last treatment

Interventionlesions (Least Squares Mean)
40 mg/g MAL PDT-10.72
80 mg/g MAL PDT-9.27
Vehicle PDT-8.08

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Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts From Baseline

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionlesions (Least Squares Mean)
40 mg/g MAL PDT-10.95
80 mg/g MAL PDT-11.8
Vehicle PDT-10.62

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Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain

Measure was assessed on a Visual Analogue Scale from 0 to 10 cm (NCT00594425)
Timeframe: immediately after second treatment

Interventioncm (Mean)
40 mg/g MAL PDT2.0
80 mg/g MAL PDT3.0
Vehicle PDT0.0

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Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain.

Measure was assessed on a Visual Analogue Scale from 0 to 10 cm (NCT00594425)
Timeframe: immediately after illumination-first treatment

Interventioncm (Median)
40 mg/g MAL PDT2.05
80 mg/g MAL PDT2.25
Vehicle PDT0.00

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Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain.

Measure was assessed on a Visual Analogue Scale from 0 to 10 cm (NCT00594425)
Timeframe: immediately after illumination-fourth treatment treatment

Interventioncm (Median)
40 mg/g MAL PDT1.10
80 mg/g MAL PDT2.50
Vehicle PDT0.0

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Facial Pain Using Visual Analouge Scale From 0 to 10, Were 0 Indicates no Pain and 10 Indicates Worst Pain.

Measure was assessed on a Visual Analogue Scale from 0 to 10 cm (NCT00594425)
Timeframe: immediately after third treatment

Interventioncm (Median)
40 mg/g MAL PDT1.5
80 mg/g MAL PDT2.0
Vehicle PDT0.0

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Median Percentage Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts From Baseline

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 3 weeks after last treatment

InterventionPercentage change (Median)
40 mg/g MAL PDT-44.5
80 mg/g MAL PDT-56.0
Vehicle PDT-40.5

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Median Percentage Change in Facial Inflammatory (Nodules, Papules, and Pustules) Lesion Counts From Baseline

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 6 weeks after last treatment

InterventionPercentage change (Median)
40 mg/g MAL PDT-52.0
80 mg/g MAL PDT-69.5
Vehicle PDT-52.0

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Median Percentage Change in Facial Non Inflammatory Lesion Counts From Baseline

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 6 weeks after last treatment

InterventionPercentage change (Median)
40 mg/g MAL PDT-38.5
80 mg/g MAL PDT-48.0
Vehicle PDT-38.0

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Percent Reduction in Total Lesion Counts From Baseline

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 6 weeks after last treatment

InterventionPercentage change (Median)
40 mg/g MAL PDT-40
80 mg/g MAL PDT-54
Vehicle PDT-37

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After Last Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 2 weeks after last treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT4.4
80 mg/g MAL PDT0.0
Vehicle PDT2.2

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Proportion of Patients With Mild and Moderate Hypopigmentation After Last Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 6 weeks after last treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT2.3
80 mg/g MAL PDT2.7
Vehicle PDT0.0

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Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema 2 Days After First Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 2 days after first treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT2.0
80 mg/g MAL PDT0.0
Vehicle PDT0.0

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Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema 7 Days After First Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 7 days after first treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT2.0
80 mg/g MAL PDT0.0
Vehicle PDT0.0

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Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After Fourth Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: immediately after fourth treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT0.0
80 mg/g MAL PDT0.0
Vehicle PDT0.0

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Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After Second Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: immediately after second treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT0.0
80 mg/g MAL PDT0.0
Vehicle PDT0.0

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Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After Third Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: immediately after third treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT0.0
80 mg/g MAL PDT0.0
Vehicle PDT0.0

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Proportion of Success, Defined as Improvement of at Least 2 Grades From Baseline According to the IGA Scale Based on Facial Assessment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after last treatment

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT16
80 mg/g MAL PDT14.58
Vehicle PDT11.54
40 mg/g MAL PDT17.5
80 mg/g MAL PDT21.2
Vehicle PDT16.7

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Proportion of Success, Defined as Improvement of at Least 2 Grades From Baseline According to the IGA Scale Based on Facial Assessment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 6 weeks after last treatment

InterventionPrecentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT10.5
80 mg/g MAL PDT18.8
Vehicle PDT12.2

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Proportion of Patients With Severe Erythema After First Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: immediately after first treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT0.0
80 mg/g MAL PDT2.1
Vehicle PDT0.0

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The Proportion of Patients Rated as Clear or Almost Clear at 12 Weeks After Last Treatment

(NCT00594425)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after last treatment

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
40 mg/g MAL PDT10.0
80 mg/g MAL PDT18.2
Vehicle PDT11.9

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Proportion of Patients With Moderate to Severe Hypopigmentation and Hyperpigmentation Assessed After Treatment

(NCT00673933)
Timeframe: 4 weeks after last treatment, 6 weeks after baseline

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Visonac Cream With PDT0
Vehicle Cream With PDT0

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Erythema Score (Mild and Moderate)Immediately After First PDT

Patients with mild or moderate erythema after first treatment at baseline. (NCT00673933)
Timeframe: Immediately after treatment at baseline

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Visonac Cream With PDT10.5
Vehicle Cream With PDT0.0

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Erythema Score (Mild and Moderate)1 Day After First Treatment

Patients with mild or moderate erythema 1 day after first treatment. (NCT00673933)
Timeframe: 1 day after 1st treatment and baseline

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Visonac Cream With PDT0
Vehicle Cream With PDT0

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Change in Noninflammatory Lesion Counts From Baseline

(NCT00673933)
Timeframe: 4 weeks after last treatment, 6 weeks after baseline

Interventionlesion count (Mean)
Visonac Cream With PDT-2.95
Vehicle Cream With PDT-2.50

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Change in Inflammatory Lesion Counts From Baseline

(NCT00673933)
Timeframe: 4 weeks after last treatment, 6 weeks after baseline

Interventionlesion count (Mean)
Visonac Cream With PDT-3.70
Vehicle Cream With PDT-3.90

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Erythema Score (Mild and Moderate)Immediately After Second Treatment

Patients with mild or moderate erythema after second treatment. (NCT00673933)
Timeframe: Immediately after second treatment, 2 weeks after baseline

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Visonac Cream With PDT11.1
Vehicle Cream With PDT0

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Mean Coarse Wrinkling Score at Week 12

"This factor represents a visual assessment of the number and depth of coarse wrinkles (i.e. deep lines, furrows, or creases). Coarse wrinkles appear on the forehead, glabella, chin, and nasolabial and periorbital areas, and they tend to be located closer to the eyes and mouth than fine wrinkles.~Rating Category 0 None 1-3 Mild 4-6 Moderate 7-9 Severe" (NCT00926952)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
MAL-PDT 90 Min Incubation, no Occlusion4.55

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Mean Fine Wrinkling Score at Week 12

"This factor represents a visual assessment of the number and depth of superficial wrinkles (i.e. shallow indentations or lines). Fine wrinkles typically appear in periorbital and perioral regions and are usually found further from the eyes and mouth than are coarse wrinkles.~Rating Category 0 None 1-3 Mild 4-6 Moderate 7-9 Severe" (NCT00926952)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
MAL-PDT 90 Min Incubation, no Occlusion4.30

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Mean Griffiths Photonumeric Scale for Photodamage Score at Week 12

Griffiths photonumeric scale was evaluated by the dermatologist. Patients were placed under natural daylight or fluorescent lighting for grading. A direct comparison was then made between the subjects and photographic standards (provided in reference 1). If an exact match could not be made to a grade then an inter-grade number was used used, for example 1, 3, 5, or 7. Zero (0) is the least amount of photodamage, 8 is the most amount of photodamage. (NCT00926952)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
MAL-PDT 90 Min Incubation, no Occlusion4.85

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Mean Mottled Hyperpigmentation at Week 12

"This factor represents a visual assessment of light, patchy, mottled hyperpigmentation and solar freckling (including melasma) based on quantitative criteria such as the area/density of pigment, color intensity (dark vs. light), and uniformity of distribution (i.e. the more uneven or blotchy, the greater the score), Lentigines, nevi, and other pigmented lesions are not to be included in this assessment.~Rating Category 0 None 1-3 Mild 4-6 Moderate 7-9 Severe" (NCT00926952)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
MAL-PDT 90 Min Incubation, no Occlusion4.40

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Mean Number of Facial Actinic Keratoses at Week 12

(NCT00926952)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionLesions (Mean)
MAL-PDT 90 Min Incubation, no Occlusion2.70

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Mean Sallowness Score at Week 12

"This factor represents a visual assessment of color tone from very pink or rosy (0) to very sallow or pale (9).~Rating Category 0 None 1-3 Mild 4-6 Moderate 7-9 Severe" (NCT00926952)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
MAL-PDT 90 Min Incubation, no Occlusion3.10

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Number of Patients With Complete Clinical Response of All Actinic Keratoses at Week 12

The proportion of patients with a complete clinical response is calculated by dividing the number of patients with a complete response at week 12 by the number of participants at baseline. (NCT00926952)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
MAL-PDT 90 Min Incubation, no Occlusion3

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Number of Actinic Keratosis Lesions With Complete Clinical Response at Day 0 and Week 12

(NCT00926952)
Timeframe: 0, 12 weeks

InterventionLesions (Number)
Day 0 - Total lesions at baselineWeek 12 - Lesions with complete clinical response
MAL-PDT 90 Min Incubation, no Occlusion197143

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Number of Adverse Events

To study the safety of MAL-PDT performed without occlusion when red light exposure takes place 90 minutes after the application of MAL by tracking adverse events until week 12 and adverse events until week 24 (NCT00926952)
Timeframe: 12, 24 weeks

InterventionAdverse events (Number)
Week 12Week 24
MAL-PDT 90 Min Incubation, no Occlusion110

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Percent Change From Baseline in Lesion Count at Week 18

Percent Change in Lesion Counts at Week 18: Week 18 count minus Baseline count divided by Baseline count multiplied by 100. (NCT01000636)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18.

Interventionpercent change (Mean)
Metvix® Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)95.5

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Global Percent Change From Baseline in AK Lesion Count in the Target Field (Including New and Recurrent Lesions) at Month15

(NCT01000636)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month15

InterventionPercent change from baseline (Mean)
Metvix® Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)71

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Lesion Response

Percent of lesions treated at Baseline, in complete response at Week 12 (NCT01475071)
Timeframe: Week12

Interventionpercentage of lesions complete response (Mean)
Metvix and Daylight89.2
Metvix and Lamp92.8

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Pain Score

Subject self assessment of pain on a scale from 0 (no pain ) to 10 (extreme pain) (NCT01475071)
Timeframe: Baseline (during procedure), assessed after procedure

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Metvix and Daylight0.8
Metvix and Lamp5.7

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Percentage (%) Change From Baseline in Total Lesion Complete Response at Week 12 in Group 1

The lesion complete response rate was defined as the percentage of pre-existing and treated lesions at Baseline that were assessed as clear (complete disappearance of the lesion, visually and by palpation) at Week 12. New lesions or the lesions in non-complete response were not not considered in the lesion response assessment. This outcome measure was analyzed as an intra-individual comparison between Metvix NDL-PDT on one side of the face/scalp and Metvix vehicle cream (placebo) c-PDT on the contralateral side (Group I). (NCT01821391)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12

Interventionpercentage change from baseline (Mean)
Group I: Metvix NDL-PDT68.4
Group I: Metvix c-PDT71.5

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Lesion Recurrence Rate (Cumulative)

Lesion recurrence rate defined as the number of completely cleared lesions 12 weeks after the last PDT showing recurrence during FU. Overall and subgroup analysis (nodular basal cell carcinoma (nBCC) and superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC)). (NCT02144077)
Timeframe: 6, 12, 24, 36 and 60 months post-PDT

,
Interventionpercentage of lesions (cumulative) (Number)
OverallsBCCnBCC
BF-200 ALA13.510.325
Methyl-aminolevulinate13.411.921.4

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Lesion Complete Response Assessed 12 Weeks After the Last PDT

Lesion complete response (completely cleared individual lesions) assessed 12 weeks after the last PDT. The indicated values give percentage of overall completely cleared individual lesions. The PP set is the primary analysis set for the analysis of the secondary endpoint. (NCT02144077)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after the last PDT (please note: 2 PDT cycles, each cycle consisting of 2 PDTs (= maximum of 4 PDTs per patient) was possible).

InterventionPercentage of Individual Lesions (Number)
BF-200 ALA94.6
Methyl-aminolevulinate92.9

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Overall Patient Complete Response Rate Assessed 12 Weeks After the Last PDT

Overall patient complete response rate assessed 12 weeks after the last PDT. The indicated values give the percentage of overall complete responders. An overall complete responder is defined as a patient in whom all treated lesions were cleared. The PP set is the primary analysis set for the analyses of the primary endpoint. (NCT02144077)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after the last PDT (please note: 2 PDT cycles, each cycle consisting of 2 PDTs (= maximum of 4 PDTs per patient) was possible).

InterventionPercentage of Patients (Number)
BF-200 ALA93.4
Methyl-aminolevulinate91.8

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Patient Complete Response 12 Weeks After PDT-2

Patient complete response (complete clearance of all treated lesions) assessed 12 weeks after PDT-2 (first PDT cycle). The PP set is the primary analysis set for the analysis of the secondary endpoint. (NCT02144077)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after PDT-2 (=PDT cycle 1; please note: in this study 2 PDT cycles, each cycle consisting of 2 PDTs (= maximum of 4 PDTs per patient) was possible).

InterventionPercentage of Patients (Number)
BF-200 ALA57.9
Methyl-aminolevulinate56.4

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Patient Recurrence Rate (Overall, Cumulative)

Patient recurrence rate defined as the number of patients with at least one recurrent lesion during FU after complete clearance 12 weeks after the last PDT (NCT02144077)
Timeframe: 6, 12, 24, 36 and 60 months post-PDT

Interventionpercentage of patients (cumulative) (Number)
BF-200 ALA16.9
Methyl-aminolevulinate15.5

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Reduction of Lesion Area 12 Weeks After the Last PDT Compared to Baseline

"Reduction of total lesion area (summation of sizes of all treated lesions) per patient, assessed 12 weeks after the last PDT. The PP set is the primary analysis set for the analysis of the secondary endpoint.~Please note that the high SD for BF-200 ALA is due to a patient who had increased lesion area fom 63 mm² at baseline to 225 mm² 12 weeks after PDT. This lesion area included a lesion that was later confirmed to be benign skin condition (lentigo solaris)." (NCT02144077)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after the last PDT (please note: 2 PDT cycles, each cycle consisting of 2 PDTs (= maximum of 4 PDTs per patient) was possible).

InterventionPercentage of Change (Mean)
BF-200 ALA-94.5
Methyl-aminolevulinate-97.0

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Cosmetic Outcome 12 Weeks After Last PDT (Including Patients With a Sum Score of 0 at Baseline)

"Overall cosmetic outcome 12 weeks after last PDT is calculated as difference between 12 weeks after PDT sum score and baseline sum score of all skin quality assessments. Each of the below skin quality characteristics are assessed on a 4-point scale from 0 (none) to 3 (severe) by the investigator at baseline and 12 weeks after last PDT:~Skin surface~Hyperpigmentation~Hypopigmentation~Mottled or irregular pigmentation~Degree of scarring~Atrophy~Cosmetic outcome categories are:~Very good: 12 weeks sum score improved by at least 2 points compared to baseline~Good: 12 weeks sum score improved by 1 point compared to baseline~Satisfactory: 12 weeks sum score identical to the one at baseline~Unsatisfactory: 12 weeks sum score worsened by 1 point compared to baseline~Impaired: 12 weeks sum score worsened by at least 2 points compared to baseline" (NCT02144077)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after the last PDT (please note: 2 PDT cycles, each cycle consisting of 2 PDTs (= maximum of 4 PDTs per patient) was possible).

,
InterventionPercentage of Patients (Number)
Very goodGoodSatisfactoryUnsatisfactoryImpaired
BF-200 ALA23.311.735.814.215.0
Methyl-aminolevulinate14.718.329.420.217.4

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Cosmetic Outcome 12 Weeks After the Last PDT (Including Patients With a Baseline Sum Score >1)

"Overall cosmetic outcome 12 weeks after last PDT is calculated as difference between 12 weeks after PDT sum score and baseline sum score of all skin quality assessments. Each of the below skin quality characteristics are assessed on a 4-point scale from 0 (none) to 3 (severe) by the investigator at baseline and 12 weeks after last PDT:~Skin surface~Hyperpigmentation~Hypopigmentation~Mottled or irregular pigmentation~Degree of scarring~Atrophy~Cosmetic outcome categories are:~Very good: 12 weeks sum score improved by at least 2 points compared to baseline~Good: 12 weeks sum score improved by 1 point compared to baseline~Satisfactory: 12 weeks sum score identical to the one at baseline~Unsatisfactory: 12 weeks sum score worsened by 1 point compared to baseline~Impaired: 12 weeks sum score worsened by at least 2 points compared to baseline" (NCT02144077)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after the last PDT (please note: 2 PDT cycles, each cycle consisting of 2 PDTs (= maximum of 4 PDTs per patient) was possible).

,
InterventionPercentage of Patients (Number)
Very goodGoodSatisfactoryUnsatisfactoryImpaired
BF-200 ALA40.020.022.911.45.7
Methyl-aminolevulinate21.627.032.412.26.8

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Adverse Reactions

Adverse reactions are evaluated by blinded observer at one week after treatment. Severity of the reaction ( Redness, crusting and scaling) is assessed using grading: minimal, mild, intermediate, severe. (NCT02149342)
Timeframe: One week

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Hexylaminolaevulinate Cream14
Methylaminolaevulinate Cream14

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Clinical Lesion Clearance

Clinical lesion clearance is observed by a blinded observer (NCT02149342)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

Interventionpercentage of lesions in complete respon (Mean)
Hexylaminolaevulinate Cream73.4
Methylaminolaevulinate Cream77.8

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Histological Lesion Clearance

Punch biopsies were taken symmetrically on both treatment fields from equally graded >6 mm AKs prior to treatment and again at 3 months, blinded observer (pathologist). HE- and p53-stainings. Samples not fulfilling the criteria of an AK were defined as healthy or completely cleared. The p53 reactivity expressed as average percentage of positive nuclei in three consecutive high power fields from the region of highest reactivity (<10 % normal) (NCT02149342)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months

Interventionpercentage of complete histological clea (Mean)
Hexylaminolaevulinate Cream38.5
Methylaminolaevulinate Cream69.2

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Pain Assesment (Visual Analog Scale)

Pain using visual analog scale (VAS 0-10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable) on both treatment sides is assessed in every 30 minutes during 2-hour sun-exposure and afterwards once in two hours until 9 p.m. (treatment day). Of these values, the mean maximal pain is assessed. (NCT02149342)
Timeframe: 12 hours

InterventionMean maximal pain VAS score (Mean)
Hexylaminolaevulinate Cream0.86
Methylaminolaevulinate Cream1

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Lesions Disappearance Rate at 6 Months From Baseline.

"The number of lesions is assessed at baseline (before treatment) and 6 month later.~The difference in lesions is recorded for each patient. The rate is the quotient: difference in lesions between baseline and at 6 month /nubmer of lesions at baseline" (NCT02373371)
Timeframe: 0(baseline), 6 month

Interventionpercentage of disappeared lesions (Mean)
Daylight90.9
Conventional Treatment94.7

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Mean Change From Baseline in Total Number of Treated Mild Lesions Per Side at Week 12

"The number of lesions is assessed at baseline (before treatment) and 12 weeks later.~The difference in lesions is recorded for each patient. The mean of disappeared lesions are then calculated for all patients." (NCT02373371)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionnumber of lesions (Mean)
Daylight19.6
Conventional Treatment20.0

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Lesions Disappearance Rate at 1 Months From Baseline.

"The number of lesions is assessed at baseline (before treatment) and 1 month later.~The difference in lesions is recorded for each patient. The rate is the quotient: difference in lesions between baseline and at 1 month /nubmer of lesions at baseline" (NCT02373371)
Timeframe: 0(baseline),1 month

Interventionpercentage of disappeared lesions (Mean)
Daylight89.6
Conventional Treatment94.6

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Pain Assesment

"Pain assesment with a VAS Pain scale~Visual analog scale [VAS] is a continuous scale comprised of a horizontal scale of 10 cm length . The scale is anchored by no pain (score of 0) and pain as bad as it could be or worst imaginable pain (score of 10)." (NCT02373371)
Timeframe: at inclusion (after treatment)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Daylight1.2
Conventional Treatment5.1

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Overall Subject Satisfaction the Day of Treatment After Daylight Session

Percentage of subjects satisfied and very satisfied globally with Luxerm Daylight procedure, the day of treatment after daylight session (NCT03511326)
Timeframe: the day of treatment after daylight session

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Luxerm®47

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Overall Subject Satisfaction at Week 12 Post-treatment

Percentage of subjects satisfied or very satisfied (overall) with Luxerm DL procedure (NCT03511326)
Timeframe: Week 12

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Luxerm®41

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		22.754911534-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		2.5320monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
propylene glycol
Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.		2.0810glycol;
propane-1,2-diols		allergen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		3.6220isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		2.0510triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		2.05101-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		2.0510acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		2.0810biphenyls;
imidazoles
busulfan
[no description available]		2.0510methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		2.0510N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
celecoxib
[no description available]		2.0510organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		2.0510aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		3.1610alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		7.3872amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		11.84226nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		2.0710aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hypericin
[no description available]		2.0610
ifosfamide
[no description available]		2.0510ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
lomustine
[no description available]		2.0510N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		2.0510diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		2.0510dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
masoprocol
nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)		2.0510catechols;
lignan;
tetrol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
pipobroman
Pipobroman: An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation.. pipobroman : An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine in which each of the nitrogens has been acylated by a 3-bromopropionoyl group. An anti-cancer drug.		2.0510N-acylpiperazine;
organobromine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.0510benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
protoporphyrin ix
protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.		16.744816
imatinib
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
temozolomide
[no description available]		2.0510imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		2.0510mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
vincristine
[no description available]		2.0510acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		2.2110ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		3.6620organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		4.2531alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
cytarabine
[no description available]		2.0510beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		2.1310amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methyl nicotinate
methyl nicotinate: erythema provoked is basis of a methylnicotinate test of anti-inflammatories		2.2510aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
pentane
Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.		2.0810alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
1,5-pentanediol
[no description available]		2.0810primary alcohol
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		2.2510catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
perylene
Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.		2.0610ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene;
perylenes
pirinitramide
Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.		3.511nitrile
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
perillyl alcohol
perillyl alcohol: inhibits geranylgeranyl transferase; structure in first source. perillyl alcohol : A limonene monoterpenoid consists of a cyclohexene ring substituted by a hydroxymethyl and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. It is a constituent of a variety of essential oils including lavender.		3.1610limonene monoterpenoidplant metabolite;
volatile oil component
vinblastine
[no description available]		2.0510
cladribine
[no description available]		2.0510organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		2.0510aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
rose bengal b disodium salt
[no description available]		2.1310
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		2.0510taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		2.0510beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		2.0510aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		2.0510anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		12.67359imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		2.0510pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		2.0510organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
irinotecan
[no description available]		2.0510carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		2.0510carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		2.2510flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
bexarotene
[no description available]		2.0510benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
cp094
1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one: structure given in first source		3.8621
clofarabine
[no description available]		2.0510adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
gefitinib
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
methotrexate
[no description available]		2.7830dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
docetaxel
[no description available]		2.0510hydrate;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		2.0110amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
erlotinib
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		2.0510coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
teniposide
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
valrubicin
[no description available]		2.0510anthracycline;
trifluoroacetamide
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		2.0510L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		3.511organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		2.08102-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
squalene
Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate		2.0610triterpenehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.0510purine nucleoside
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		2.0510aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
terbinafine
[no description available]		2.2510acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		2.05102-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
streptozocin
[no description available]		2.0510
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		5.8273D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		3.1710D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
selachyl alcohol
selachyl alcohol: RN given refers to (Z-(+-))-isomer; structure		2.0810alkylglycerol
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol
Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.		2.08101-acylglycerol 18:1;
monooleoylglycerol		plant metabolite
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		3.1610acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		3.4111morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
clobetasol
Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		4.492211beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
SMO receptor agonist
vinorelbine
[no description available]		2.0510acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester
5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester: structure in first source		7.54115organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pep005
3-ingenyl angelate: protein kinase C agonist and antineoplastic; structure in first source		9.87136
bibw 2992
[no description available]		2.2110aromatic ether;
enamide;
furans;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
brimonidine tartrate
Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		3.5911
vindesine
[no description available]		2.0510
indocyanine green
Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.		3.56111,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		2.2510organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		2.0510
elafin
Elafin: A secretory proteinase inhibitory protein that was initially purified from human SKIN. It is found in a variety mucosal secretions and is present at high levels in SPUTUM. Elafin may play a role in the innate immunity (IMMUNITY, INNATE) response of the LUNG.		3.5911
calcipotriene
calcipotriene: a topical dermatologic for the treatment of moderate plaque psoriasis; structure in first source. calcipotriol hydrate : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of calcipotriol. It is used in combination with betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.		5.7163hydrateantipsoriatic
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		2.0510
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		7.0310folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.0510dacarbazine
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		2.2110L-valyl esterantiviral drug
raltitrexed
[no description available]		2.0510N-acyl-amino acid
bl 4162a
anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.		2.0510imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		2.0510N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		02.0610
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		02.4620
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		02.0610
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		02.4620
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.7830
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		018.2517549
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		02.7830
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		018.2517549
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.6120
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		14.6120
Acne
[description not available]		010.062013
Ache
[description not available]		014.965429
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		112.062013
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		014.965429
Actinic Keratosis
[description not available]		018.8515174
Scalp Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the SCALP.		013.114328
Keratosis, Actinic
White or pink lesions on the arms, hands, face, or scalp that arise from sun-induced DNA DAMAGE to KERATINOCYTES in exposed areas. They are considered precursor lesions to superficial SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA.		120.8515174
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented
[description not available]		015.9210931
Carcinoma, Basal Cell
A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)		117.9210931
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated
[description not available]		02.4110
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		02.5220
Bowen Disease
[description not available]		012.29418
Auricular Cancer
[description not available]		02.3110
Ear Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of any part of the hearing and equilibrium system of the body (the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR).		02.3110
Leishmaniasis, American
[description not available]		06.0961
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.		06.0961
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		010.49227
Brill-Symmers Disease
[description not available]		02.2510
Lymphoma, Follicular
Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.		02.2510
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		03.1710
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians
[description not available]		03.1710
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		03.1710
Skin Aging
The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.		113.61913
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		05.6161
Dermatitis, Occupational
A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.		02.2510
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		05.6161
Itching
[description not available]		05.7941
Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis
[description not available]		05.0460
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		05.7941
Porokeratosis
A heritable disorder of faulty keratinization characterized by the proliferation of abnormal clones of KERATINOCYTES and lesions showing varying atrophic patches surrounded by an elevated, keratotic border. These keratotic lesions can progress to overt cutaneous neoplasm. Several clinical variants are recognized, including porokeratosis of Mibelli, linear porokeratosis, disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, palmoplantar porokeratosis, and punctate porokeratosis.		05.0460
Kaposi Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.2510
Sarcoma, Kaposi
A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.		02.2510
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		010.82303
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		112.82303
Nail Fungus
[description not available]		05.6561
Foot Dermatoses
Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.		02.7830
Onychomycosis
A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS.		05.6561
Dermatoses
[description not available]		010.12213
Infectious Skin Diseases
[description not available]		03.2310
Lichen Sclerosis
[description not available]		03.7330
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		010.12213
Skin Diseases, Infectious
Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.		03.2310
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
A chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease usually affecting the female genitalia (VULVAR LICHEN SCLEROSUS) and BALANITIS XEROTICA OBLITERANS in males. It is also called white spot disease and Csillag's disease.		03.7330
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		02.2510
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		02.2510
Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous
A disease characterized by the chronic, progressive spread of lesions from New World cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by species of the L. braziliensis complex to the nasal, pharyngeal, and buccal mucosa some time after the appearance of the initial cutaneous lesion. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis are frequent presenting symptoms.		02.2510
Mycosis Fungoides
A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.		05.9991
Anasarca
[description not available]		05.0633
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		05.0633
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		08.631412
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		06.6263
Facial Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the FACE.		013.354226
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		06.8953
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		06.8953
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.520
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		02.5120
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		02.1710
Dermatosclerosis
[description not available]		02.1710
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		02.520
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		02.5120
Scleroderma, Localized
A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.		02.1710
Cold Sore
[description not available]		02.2110
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.2110
Cheilitis
Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology.		110.6783
Herpes Labialis
Herpes simplex, caused by type 1 virus, primarily spread by oral secretions and usually occurring as a concomitant of fever. It may also develop in the absence of fever or prior illness. It commonly involves the facial region, especially the lips and the nares. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		02.2110
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		02.2110
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		010.59186
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		010.59186
Acanthoma
A neoplasm composed of squamous or epidermal cells.		02.1710
Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum
[description not available]		02.7630
Necrobiosis Lipoidica
A degenerative disease of the dermal connective tissue characterized by the development of erythematous papules or nodules in the pretibial area. The papules form plaques covered with telangiectatic vessels. More than half of the affected patients have diabetes.		02.7630
Cancer of the Vulva
[description not available]		03.0540
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix
A cytological test finding often from PAP SMEARS that shows abnormal lesions of SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS of the CERVIX. It is a diagnostic criterion used in the Bethesda System for UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS and represents the PAP TEST result that is abnormal. Although squamous intraepithelial lesions test result does not mean UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS it requires follow-ups (e.g., HPV DNA TESTS; and COLPOSCOPY).		02.1710
Vulvar Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.		03.0540
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		05.3141
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		03.5611
Facial Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.		07.17123
Nasal Diseases
[description not available]		02.2110
Extra-Mammary Paget Disease
[description not available]		03.0340
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		06.2641
Paget Disease, Extramammary
A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478)		03.0340
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.5720
Pain, Procedural
Pain associated with examination, treatment or procedures.		0421
Paronychia
An inflammatory reaction involving the folds of the skin surrounding the fingernail. It is characterized by acute or chronic purulent, tender, and painful swellings of the tissues around the nail, caused by an abscess of the nail fold. The pathogenic yeast causing paronychia is most frequently Candida albicans. Saprophytic fungi may also be involved. The causative bacteria are usually Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Streptococcus. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p271)		02.2110
Angiogranuloma
[description not available]		02.2110
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.2110
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.5320
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.5320
Verruca
[description not available]		05.6261
Warts
Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.		05.6261
Pemphigus Foliaceus
[description not available]		02.520
Pemphigus
Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.		02.520
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		04.8571
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		04.8571
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis
An autosomal recessive trait with impaired cell-mediated immunity. About 15 human papillomaviruses are implicated in associated infection, four of which lead to skin neoplasms. The disease begins in childhood with red papules and later spreads over the body as gray or yellow scales.		0310
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		02.0810
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		02.0810
Ear Diseases
Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.		02.0810
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum
[description not available]		014.383521
Miliaria
A syndrome of cutaneous changes associated with sweat retention and extravasation of sweat at different levels in the skin. Miliaria rubra, or prickly heat, results from apocrine duct obstruction. The sweat then seeps into the epidermis, producing pruritic erythematous papulovesicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0810
Keratosis
Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.		014.383521
Fifth Phacomatosis
[description not available]		04.8140
Hives
[description not available]		02.7630
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.4720
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Hereditary disorder consisting of multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, and multiple skeletal defects, e.g., frontal and temporoparietal bossing, bifurcated and splayed ribs, kyphoscoliosis, fusion of vertebrae, and cervicothoracic spina bifida. Genetic transmission is autosomal dominant.		04.8140
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		02.7630
Asymptomatic Conditions
[description not available]		04.3911
Co-infection
[description not available]		02.0810
Aspergillus Infection
[description not available]		02.4820
Aspergillosis
Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.		02.4820
Minimal Disease, Residual
[description not available]		02.110
Recrudescence
[description not available]		09.4138
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		010.18128
Cancer of Lip
[description not available]		03.0310
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		04.3470
Cancer, Second Primary
[description not available]		03.0310
Acute Idiopathic Facial Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.110
Bell Palsy
A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of unilateral FACIAL PARALYSIS which progresses over a 2-5 day period. Weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscle and resulting incomplete eye closure may be associated with corneal injury. Pain behind the ear often precedes the onset of paralysis. This condition may be associated with HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN infection of the facial nerve. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1376)		02.110
Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous
[description not available]		02.4720
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid
A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur.		02.4720
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.8521
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		03.8521
Benign Chronic Pemphigus
[description not available]		03.0310
Anus Diseases
Diseases involving the ANUS.		02.1510
Neoplasms, Squamous Cell
Neoplasms of the SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements.		02.1510
Cancer of Penis
[description not available]		05.0631
Penile Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.		05.0631
Pemphigoid
[description not available]		02.1510
Pemphigoid, Bullous
A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis.		02.1510
Erythroplasia
A condition of the mucous membrane characterized by erythematous papular lesions.		02.5320
Penile Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues.		02.2510
Chondromalacia
Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.		02.1510
Cartilage Diseases
Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).		02.1510
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		02.1510
Phlegmon
[description not available]		02.1510
Deaf Mutism
[description not available]		02.1510
Xeroderma
[description not available]		02.1510
Cellulitis
An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.		02.1510
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.		02.1510
Ichthyosis
Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.		02.1510
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea.		02.1510
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic
[description not available]		04.1231
Cancer of Nose
[description not available]		02.7330
Besnier-Boeck Disease
[description not available]		02.0410
Sarcoidosis
An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.		02.0410
Bacterial Skin Diseases
[description not available]		02.0410
Skin Diseases, Bacterial
Skin diseases caused by bacteria.		02.0410
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		02.4620
Eyelid Neoplasms
Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS.		02.7430
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		02.4620
Granuloma Annulare
Benign granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by a ring of localized or disseminated papules or nodules on the skin and palisading histiocytes surrounding necrobiotic tissue resulting from altered collagen structures.		02.0510
Acne Inversa
[description not available]		02.4520
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
A chronic suppurative and cicatricial disease of the apocrine glands occurring chiefly in the axillae in women and in the groin and anal regions in men. It is characterized by poral occlusion with secondary bacterial infection, evolving into abscesses which eventually rupture. As the disease becomes chronic, ulcers appear, sinus tracts enlarge, fistulas develop, and fibrosis and scarring become evident.		02.4520
Pilonidal Cyst
[description not available]		02.0510
Pilonidal Sinus
A hair-containing cyst or sinus, occurring chiefly in the coccygeal region.		02.0510
Nail Diseases
Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.		02.4520
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		03.3820
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		03.3820
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		02.0510
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0510
Dermatitis, Contact, Photoallergic
[description not available]		02.0510
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		02.0510
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		02.4420
Onycholysis
Separation of nail plate from the underlying nail bed. It can be a sign of skin disease, infection (such as ONYCHOMYCOSIS) or tissue injury.		02.0510
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		02.0510
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		02.4420
Alopecia Circumscripta
[description not available]		03.3720
Alopecia Areata
Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.		08.3720
Bullous Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.0510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.4620
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		09.08400
Sebaceous Gland Diseases
Diseases of the sebaceous glands such as sebaceous hyperplasia and sebaceous cell carcinoma (SEBACEOUS GLAND NEOPLASMS).		02.4420
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		02.7430
Feuerstein-Mims Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0510
Keratoacanthoma
A benign, non-neoplastic, usually self-limiting epithelial lesion closely resembling squamous cell carcinoma clinically and histopathologically. It occurs in solitary, multiple, and eruptive forms. The solitary and multiple forms occur on sunlight exposed areas and are identical histologically; they affect primarily white males. The eruptive form usually involves both sexes and appears as a generalized papular eruption.		02.0510
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic
An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously.		02.0510
Cervix Dysplasia
[description not available]		04.4122
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		04.4122
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.		16.4122
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		04.4122
Conjunctival Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.0510
Keloid
A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.		02.9840
Dermatomycoses
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.		02.0610
Sycosis
[description not available]		02.4520
Folliculitis
Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.		02.4520
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		02.0610
Candida Infection
[description not available]		02.9810
Kerion Celsi
An inflammatory manifestation of tinea capitis with a pronounced swelling that develops into suppurative central and indurated peripheral area called kerion.		02.9810
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		05.2221
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.9810
Tinea Capitis
Ringworm of the scalp and associated hair mainly caused by species of MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON, which may occasionally involve the eyebrows and eyelashes.		02.9810
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous
A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders.		05.2221
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		02.0710
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute
[description not available]		02.0710
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		02.0710
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		02.0710
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous
A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).		02.0710
HPV Infection
[description not available]		03.4611
Papillomavirus Infections
Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.		03.4611
Lichen Planus, Oral
Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)		02.0810
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.4320
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.4320
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.4320
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.4320
Dermal Hypoplasia, Focal
[description not available]		02.0310
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		02.0310
Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous
A form of LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS caused by Leishmania aethiopica in Ethiopia and Kenya, L. pifanoi in Venezuela, L. braziliensis in South America, and L. mexicana in Central America. This disease is characterized by massive dissemination of skin lesions without visceral involvement.		02.4420
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		05.0333
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		05.0333
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		02.4420
Leg Dermatoses
A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0310
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.4420
Carcinoma, Verrucous
A variant of well-differentiated epidermoid carcinoma that is most common in the oral cavity, but also occurs in the larynx, nasal cavity, esophagus, penis, anorectal region, vulva, vagina, uterine cervix, and skin, especially on the sole of the foot. Most intraoral cases occur in elderly male abusers of smokeless tobacco. The treatment is surgical resection. Radiotherapy is not indicated, as up to 30% treated with radiation become highly aggressive within six months. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.0310
Spider Veins
[description not available]		02.0410
Telangiectasis
Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.		02.0410