negative regulation of feeding behavior
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior. [GOC:obol]
Negative regulation of feeding behavior is a complex process that involves a variety of physiological and neural mechanisms. The goal of this process is to suppress appetite and reduce food intake. This is essential for maintaining energy homeostasis and preventing obesity.
**Physiological mechanisms:**
* **Hormonal signals:** Hormones like leptin, insulin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and peptide YY (PYY) are released from the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue in response to food intake. These hormones act on the hypothalamus, a brain region that regulates appetite, to promote satiety and reduce food intake.
* **Gut-brain communication:** The gut microbiome plays a role in regulating appetite. Gut bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that can influence appetite and food intake.
* **Metabolic signals:** Glucose, fatty acids, and other metabolites can also signal to the brain to regulate appetite.
**Neural mechanisms:**
* **Hypothalamus:** The hypothalamus is a key brain region involved in regulating appetite. Specific neurons in the hypothalamus are responsible for stimulating or suppressing appetite.
* **Reward system:** The brain's reward system is also involved in regulating food intake. Certain foods can trigger the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, which can lead to overeating.
* **Higher brain regions:** Other brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, also play a role in regulating appetite by influencing decision-making and emotional responses to food.
**Factors influencing negative regulation of feeding behavior:**
* **Nutritional status:** The body's energy stores and nutritional status influence appetite. For example, when energy stores are low, the body will promote food intake.
* **Time of day:** Circadian rhythms can influence appetite. For example, people tend to be hungrier in the evening.
* **Stress:** Stress can lead to overeating or undereating, depending on the individual.
* **Genetics:** Genetics can play a role in appetite regulation and susceptibility to obesity.
**Consequences of dysregulation:**
* **Obesity:** If the negative regulation of feeding behavior is impaired, it can lead to excessive food intake and obesity.
* **Eating disorders:** Conversely, over-regulation of feeding behavior can lead to eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa.
Overall, negative regulation of feeding behavior is a complex and multifaceted process that is essential for maintaining energy homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms involved in this process is crucial for developing strategies to prevent obesity and other metabolic disorders.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Melanocortin receptor 4 | A melanocortin receptor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P32245] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (19)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| amiodarone | amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias. Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance. | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound | cardiovascular drug |
| astemizole | astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects. | benzimidazoles; piperidines | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| chlorpromazine | chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup. | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| miconazole | 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion. | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| sterogenol | cetylpyridinium bromide : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion. hexadecylpyridinium bromide: structure in first source | bromide salt; pyridinium salt | antiseptic drug; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; surfactant |
| melanotan-ii | melanotan-II: synthetic cyclic heptapeptide, an analog of alpha-melanotropin (4,10); capable of stimulating melanin synthesis & promoting rapid tanning of skin; currently in trials for use in the prevention of sunlight-induced skin cancer | organic molecular entity | |
| tamoxifen | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator | |
| pmx 53 | |||
| ml 00253764 | 2-(2-(2-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-3-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole: structure in first source | ||
| shu 9119 | SHU 9119: an agouti mimetic; structure in first source | ||
| bms-470539 | BMS-470539: a selective small molecule agonist of the melanocortin-1 receptor inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine accumulation and leukocyte infiltration in mice; structure in first source | ||
| bremelanotide | bremelanotide: a synthetic peptide analogue of alpha-MSH, is an agonist at melanocortin receptors including the MC3R and MC4R, which are expressed primarily in the central nervous system; | oligopeptide | |
| 4-n-butyl-1-(4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1-butyl)-piperidine hydrogen chloride | |||
| acetyl-histidyl-phenylalanyl-arginyl-tryptophanamide | |||
| ac-his-dphe-arg-trp-nh2 | |||
| rm-493 | setmelanotide: an anti-obesity agent | ||
| alpha-msh | peptide hormone | anti-inflammatory agent | |
| msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha- | polypeptide | dermatologic drug | |
| nitd 609 | NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source |