Page last updated: 2024-10-24

lipid storage

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, PMID:11102830]

Lipid storage is a complex biological process involving the synthesis, transport, and accumulation of lipids (fats) within cells and tissues. It is a crucial aspect of energy homeostasis and plays a vital role in various physiological functions, including insulation, hormone production, and membrane formation.

The process begins with the uptake of dietary fats or the de novo synthesis of fatty acids from carbohydrates. Triglycerides, the primary storage form of lipids, are composed of a glycerol backbone linked to three fatty acids. They are synthesized in the liver and adipose tissue.

Once synthesized, triglycerides are packaged into lipoprotein particles, specifically very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and transported through the bloodstream to various tissues. Adipose tissue, the main storage depot for triglycerides, contains specialized cells called adipocytes.

Adipocytes possess lipoprotein lipase (LPL), an enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides in VLDL, releasing free fatty acids. These fatty acids are then taken up by adipocytes and re-esterified into triglycerides for storage within lipid droplets. These droplets can occupy up to 95% of the adipocyte's volume.

During times of energy demand, stored triglycerides are mobilized and released from adipose tissue. Hormonal signals, such as adrenaline and glucagon, stimulate the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. These components enter the bloodstream and can be utilized by various tissues, including muscle, liver, and brain, as energy sources.

The regulation of lipid storage is tightly controlled by various factors, including hormonal signals, dietary intake, and genetic predisposition. Insulin promotes triglyceride synthesis and storage, while glucagon and adrenaline trigger triglyceride breakdown and release.

Disruptions in lipid storage can contribute to various health conditions, including obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. Excess lipid accumulation in the liver can lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a prevalent condition associated with metabolic dysfunction.'
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Proteins (10)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2A diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96PD7]Homo sapiens (human)
Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2A patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96AD5]Homo sapiens (human)
Cryptochrome-2A cryptochrome-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q49AN0]Homo sapiens (human)
Cryptochrome-1A cryptochrome-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16526]Homo sapiens (human)
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5BA signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P51692]Homo sapiens (human)
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit betaA beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P07686]Homo sapiens (human)
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alphaA beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P06865]Homo sapiens (human)
Lysosomal acid glucosylceramidaseA lysosomal acid glucosylceramidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P04062]Homo sapiens (human)
Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1A diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O75907]Homo sapiens (human)
Free fatty acid receptor 2A free fatty acid receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:O15552]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (61)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
acetic acidacetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.

Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
propionic acidpropionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid
antifungal drug
ambroxolAmbroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.aromatic amine
pyrimethamineMaloprim: contains above 2 cpdsaminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
beta-glucono-1,5-lactonebeta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure

D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.
aldono-1,5-lactone;
gluconolactone
animal metabolite;
mouse metabolite
suramin sodiumsuramin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the hexasodium salt of suramin. It is an FDA approved drug for African sleeping sickness and river blindness.organic sodium saltangiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
1-deoxynojirimycin1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source

duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.
2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid
anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
miglustatmiglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.

miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound
anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
naphthalimidesNaphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.
n-phenylphthalimideN-phenylphthalimide: structure given in first source
N-Benzylphthalimideisoindoles
1-(10h-phenothiazin-2-yl)ethanone1-(10H-phenothiazin-2-yl)ethanone: structure in first sourcephenothiazines
mor-14N-methyldeoxynojirimycin: glucosidase inhibitorhydroxypiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary amino compound
anti-HIV agent;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
2-acetamido-1,5-imino-1,2,5-trideoxy-d-glucitol2-acetamido-1,5-imino-1,2,5-trideoxy-D-glucitol: structure given in first source
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy-nor-tropanecalystegine B(2): RN given for (2-endo,3-exo,4-endo)-isomer; structure in first source
homonojirimycinhomonojirimycin: inhibits alpha-glucosidase; RN given for (2R-(2alpha,3alpha,4beta,5alpha,6beta))-isomer; structure in first source
cyclophellitolcyclophellitol: structure given in first source; isolated from Phellinus sp.
calystegine a3calystegine A3: also inhibits beta-xylosidase; structure in first source
2-(2-oxolanylmethyl)benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dioneisoquinolines
miglitolpiperidines
isofagominepiperidines
n-nonyl-1-deoxynojirimycinN-nonyldeoxynojirimycin : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin (duvoglustat) in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a nonyl group.hydroxypiperidine;
tertiary amino compound
antiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.45 (glucosylceramidase) inhibitor
1-(1-benzimidazolyl)-3-(1-cyclohex-3-enylmethoxy)-2-propanolbenzimidazoles
2-(2-phenylethylthio)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acidaromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
4-(2-furanylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thionebenzenes
2-[[4-(4-chloroanilino)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanoldialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
4-(benzenesulfonamido)-N-(5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzamidesulfonamide
tamoxifenstilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
kl001KL001: inhibits degradation of the cryptochrome; structure in first source
4-oxido-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydroquinoxalin-1-ium 1-oxidearomatic ether
2-[[4-(3-methylanilino)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanoldialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-N-(2-thiazolyl)butanamideacetamides
N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)quinazolin-4-amineN-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)quinazolin-4-amine : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted by a pyridin-3-yl group and a (1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)nitrilo group at positions 2 and 4, respectively.aromatic amine;
piperidines;
pyridines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
N-[4-methyl-2-(4-morpholinyl)-6-quinolinyl]cyclohexanecarboxamideaminoquinoline
n-acetylglucosamine thiazolineN-acetylglucosamine thiazoline: an analog of the oxazolinium bicyclic intermediate leading from N-acetylglucosamine to 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid
nf 449
n-(5-adamantane-1-yl-methoxy-pentyl)deoxynojirimycin
ogt2378sinbaglustat: an antineopl agent; structure in first source
nnc 26-9100NNC 26-9100: structure in first sourceaminopyridine
gw9508GW9508: structure in first sourcearomatic amine
2-[[4-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]anilino]-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanolaromatic ether
2-[[4-(5-chloro-2-methoxyanilino)-6-(1-piperidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanolmethoxybenzenes;
substituted aniline
2-[[4-(4-methylanilino)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanoldialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
2-[[4-(2-chloroanilino)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanoldialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
2-[[4-(2-methoxyanilino)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanolmethoxybenzenes;
substituted aniline
2-[[4-(3-methoxyanilino)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanolmethoxybenzenes;
substituted aniline
2-[[4-(4-methoxyanilino)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanolmethoxybenzenes;
substituted aniline
2-[[4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenoldialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
2-[[4-(2-phenoxyanilino)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanolaromatic ether
2-[[4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-6-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)anilino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanolaromatic ether
2-[[4-(5-chloro-2-ethoxyanilino)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanolaromatic ether
2-[[4-(5-chloro-2-propan-2-yloxyanilino)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]ethanolaromatic ether
azd3988AZD3988: for treatment of obesity and diabetes; structure in first source
a-922500aromatic ketone
azd7687AZD7687: structure in first source
pf-04620110PF-04620110: a DGAT1 inhibitor; structure in first source
pradigastat
4-(((r)-1-(benzo(b)thiophene-3-carbonyl)-2-methyl-azetidine-2-carbonyl)-(3-chloro-benzyl)-amino)-butyric acid4-(((R)-1-(benzo(b)thiophene-3-carbonyl)-2-methyl-azetidine-2-carbonyl)-(3-chloro-benzyl)-amino)-butyric acid: structure in first source
atglistatinatglistatin : A biphenyl that is 1,1'-biphenyl substituted by (dimethylcarbamoyl)amino and dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 4', respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase activity (IC50 = 700nM).

atglistatin: inhibits adipose triglyceride lipase; structure in first source
pf-06424439PF-06424439: an inhibitor of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2; structure in first source
thiamet g