Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate. [EC:3.1.4.4]
Phospholipase D (PLD) activity is a crucial enzymatic function involved in the hydrolysis of phospholipids, specifically phosphatidylcholine (PC), into phosphatidic acid (PA) and a headgroup, typically choline. This reaction plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeletal organization. PLD enzymes catalyze the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond linking the diacylglycerol moiety of PC to its choline headgroup. This hydrolysis reaction occurs at the sn-3 position of the glycerol backbone of PC, generating PA as a key signaling molecule. PA is a potent second messenger that can activate downstream signaling pathways, including the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. Additionally, PA can interact with other signaling molecules and proteins, modulating membrane fluidity and influencing the dynamics of membrane trafficking events. Notably, PLD activity is tightly regulated by various factors, including calcium ions, GTPases, and phosphoinositide signaling. This intricate regulation allows for the precise control of PA production and the fine-tuning of cellular responses in different physiological contexts. Furthermore, PLD activity has been implicated in diverse pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and neurological disorders. Understanding the molecular functions of PLD enzymes is essential for unraveling their roles in health and disease, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions targeting PLD activity.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Phospholipase D1 | A phospholipase D1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13393] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Phospholipase D2 | A phospholipase D2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O14939] | Homo sapiens (human) |
5'-3' exonuclease PLD4 | A 5-3 exonuclease PLD4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96BZ4] | Homo sapiens (human) |
5'-3' exonuclease PLD3 | A 5-3 exonuclease PLD3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8IV08] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Phospholipase D1 | A phospholipase D1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13393] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Phospholipase D2 | A phospholipase D2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O14939] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
1-NA-PP1 | pyrazolopyrimidine | tyrosine kinase inhibitor | |
raloxifene | raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. | 1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol | stilbenoid | ||
halopemide | halopemide: structure | ||
1-(4-pyridyl)piperazine | 1-(4-pyridyl)piperazine: structure in first source | ||
1-(2-pyridinyl)piperazine | 1-(2-pyridinyl)piperazine: metabolite of buspirone & gepirone | ||
thymidine 5'-4-nitrophenyl phosphate | p-nitrophenyl thymidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate that is the mono-p-nitrophenyl ester of thymidine 5'-monophosphate. thymidine 5'-4-nitrophenyl phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd | aryl phosphate; C-nitro compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | |
afimoxifene | afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen. | phenols; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite |
tamoxifen | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator | |
5-fluoro-2-indolyldeschlorohalopemide | benzimidazoles | ||
N-[2-[4-(2-oxo-3H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-1-piperidinyl]ethyl]-2-naphthalenecarboxamide | naphthalenecarboxamide | ||
vu0155069 | |||
ml298 | |||
ml299 | ML299: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source |