Compounds > amocarzine
Page last updated: 2024-11-11

amocarzine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

amocarzine : A thiourea resulting from the formal condensation of the secondary amino group of 1-methylpiperazine and the primary amino group of N-(4-nitrophenyl)benzene-1,4-diamine with carbonothioic O,O-acid. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5464102
CHEMBL ID469328
CHEBI ID38946
SCHEMBL ID157806
MeSH IDM0147122

Synonyms (31)

Synonym
36590-19-9
CHEBI:38946 ,
amocarzinum
amocarzina
phenthiourezine
amocarzine
4-methyl-n-{4-[(4-nitrophenyl)amino]phenyl}piperazine-1-carbothioamide
4-methyl-n-(4-((4-nitrophenyl)amino)phenyl)-1-piperazinecarbothioamide
cgp 6140
4-methyl-n-[4-(4-nitroanilino)phenyl]piperazine-1-carbothioamide
CHEMBL469328
unii-99807u412y
99807u412y ,
amocarzina [inn-spanish]
4-methyl-4'-(p-nitroanilino)thio-1-piperazinecarboxanilide
1-piperazinecarbothioamide, 4-methyl-n-(4-((4-nitrophenyl)amino)phenyl)-
s 80016
amocarzinum [inn-latin]
amocarzine [inn]
amocarzine [who-dd]
amocarzine [mart.]
amocarzine [mi]
SCHEMBL157806
4-methyl-n-[4-[(4-nitrophenyl)amino]phenyl]-1-piperazinecarbothioamide
1-piperazinecarbothioamide,4-methyl-n-[4-[(4-nitrophenyl)amino]phenyl]-
cgp6140
Q27118042
BCP28101
cgp 6140; phenthiourezine; s 80016
4-methyl-n-(4-((4-nitrophenyl)amino)phenyl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide
DTXSID90865827

Research Excerpts

Effects

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Amocarzine has been reported to have onchocercacidal effects. "( Longterm follow-up of onchocerciasis patients in Latin America after treatment and retreatment with amocarzine. Preliminary results.
Guderian, R; Moran, M; Poltera, AA; Striebel, HP; Zea-Flores, G, 1991)		1.94

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Biochemical and pharmacokinetic studies suggest that the selective toxicity of the new series of drugs towards filarial parasites is most likely preferential drug uptake by the pathogen."( Activity, mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics of 2-tert-butylbenzothiazole and CGP 6140 (amocarzine) antifilarial drugs.
Davies, KP; Köhler, P; Zahner, H, 1992)		0.5
" The median time to Cmax was 3 h in fed and 2 h in fasting patients."( The influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of CGP 6140 (amocarzine) after oral administration of a 1200 mg single dose to patients with onchocerciasis.
Dubois, JP; Ginger, CD; Lecaillon, JB; Pichard, E; Poltera, AA; Soula, G, 1990)		0.52

Bioavailability

A repeat low dose regimen of amocarzine (3 mg/kg twice daily post-prandially for three consecutive days) was well absorbed with predictable plasma levels, macro- and microfilaricidal with good local and systemic tolerability in patients with moderate to heavy onchocerciasis.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In conclusion, a repeat low dose regimen of amocarzine (3 mg/kg twice daily post-prandially for three consecutive days) was well absorbed with predictable plasma levels, macro- and microfilaricidal with good local and systemic tolerability in patients with moderate to heavy onchocerciasis."( Amocarzine investigated as oral onchocercacidal drug in 272 adult male patients from Guatemala. Results from three dose regimens spread over three days.
Beltranena, F; de Ramirez, I; Lecaillon, JB; Lopez, M; Moran, M; Palomo, M; Poltera, AA; Zak, F; Zea-Flores, CE; Zea-Flores, G, 1991)		1.98
" The relative improvement of bioavailability of amocarzine due to food was less prominent than previously obtained after a high dose of 1200 mg which demonstrated a bioavailability improvement of a factor of three."( Influence of food related to dose on the pharmacokinetics of amocarzine and of its N-oxide metabolite, CGP 13 231, after oral administration to 20 onchocerciasis male patients from Guatemala.
de Ramirez, I; Lecaillon, JB; Nowell de Arevalo, A; Poltera, AA; Zea-Flores, G, 1991)		0.78
" A greater variability in plasma concentrations was apparent after the 800 and 1600 mg doses indicating a poor bioavailability of the drug administered in fasting conditions to several patients."( Pharmacokinetics of CGP 6140 (amocarzine) after oral administration of single 100-1600 mg doses to patients with onchocerciasis.
Awadzi, K; Dubois, JP; Ginger, CD; Lecaillon, JB; Poltera, AA, 1990)		0.57
" The low solubility of CGP 6140 in aqueous solutions at neutral pH and its higher solubility at acidic pH might explain the increase in bioavailability after food intake."( The influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of CGP 6140 (amocarzine) after oral administration of a 1200 mg single dose to patients with onchocerciasis.
Dubois, JP; Ginger, CD; Lecaillon, JB; Pichard, E; Poltera, AA; Soula, G, 1990)		0.52

Dosage Studied

Single dosing after overnight fasting proved to produce irregular absorption of amocarzine. Some microfilaricidal effect was achieved.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"The clinical investigations with three types of a three days regimen of amocarzine permitted to adjust the fixed dosing to the body weight related dosing and subsequently the administration of amocarzine from fasting state to drug intake after food."( Amocarzine investigated as oral onchocercacidal drug in 272 adult male patients from Guatemala. Results from three dose regimens spread over three days.
Beltranena, F; de Ramirez, I; Lecaillon, JB; Lopez, M; Moran, M; Palomo, M; Poltera, AA; Zak, F; Zea-Flores, CE; Zea-Flores, G, 1991)		1.96
" Single dosing after overnight fasting proved to produce irregular absorption of amocarzine, although some microfilaricidal effect was achieved."( Onchocercacidal effect of three drug regimens of amocarzine in 148 patients of two races and both sexes from Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
Anselmi, M; Cascante, S; Guderian, RH; Lecaillon, JB; Moran, M; Naranjo, A; Poltera, AA; Proaño, R; Zak, F, 1991)		0.76
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
antinematodal drugA substance used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (4)

ClassDescription
C-nitro compoundA nitro compound having the nitro group (-NO2) attached to a carbon atom.
N-methylpiperazine
thioureasCompounds of general formula RR'NC(=S)NR''R'''.
secondary amino compoundA compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (21)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID393031Antiparasitic activity against Onchocerca gutturosa assessed as inhibition of MTT formazan formation2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 17, Issue:4
New potent imidazoisoquinolinone derivatives as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents: biological evaluation and structure-activity relationships.
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID393030Antiparasitic activity against Onchocerca gutturosa assessed as reduction in motility after 120 hrs2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 17, Issue:4
New potent imidazoisoquinolinone derivatives as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents: biological evaluation and structure-activity relationships.
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (36)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199014 (38.89)18.7374
1990's21 (58.33)18.2507
2000's1 (2.78)29.6817
2010's0 (0.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.33

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index10.33 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.93 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.26 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (10.33)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials12 (31.58%)5.53%
Reviews3 (7.89%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other23 (60.53%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		1.9710acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		1.9710isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
albendazole
[no description available]		4.4811aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		2.420aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		4.4811aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		1.9710aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.6830naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		1.9710organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
benzothiazole
benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.		2.3820benzothiazolesenvironmental contaminant;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
thiazoles
[no description available]		5.531301,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
diphenylamine
Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.		2.6630aromatic amine;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
secondary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical;
antioxidant;
carotogenesis inhibitor;
EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
melarsonic acid
melarsonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3720
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		2.37206-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
amoscanate
amoscanate: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. amoscanate : An isothiocyanate that is phenyl isothiocyanate in which the hydrogen at the para- position has been replaced by a 4-nitroanilinyl group.		2.6630C-nitro compound;
isothiocyanate;
secondary amino compound		schistosomicide drug
pyronaridine
[no description available]		1.9710aminoquinoline
tamoxifen
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
cgp 20376
[no description available]		4.94120
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.3720metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		2.0510nitrofuran antibiotic
furapyrimidone
[no description available]		2.3720
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		6.9272
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.		1.9710
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
American Trypanosomiasis
[description not available]		02.0510
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.		02.0510
Recrudescence
[description not available]		01.9910
Onchocerciasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.		08.671811
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		01.9910
Onchocerciasis, Ocular
Filarial infection of the eyes transmitted from person to person by bites of Onchocerca volvulus-infected black flies. The microfilariae of Onchocerca are thus deposited beneath the skin. They migrate through various tissues including the eye. Those persons infected have impaired vision and up to 20% are blind. The incidence of eye lesions has been reported to be as high as 30% in Central America and parts of Africa.		05.243
Dizzyness
[description not available]		03.3811
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		03.3811
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.3811
Itching
[description not available]		03.3811
Dizziness
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.		03.3811
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		03.3811
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		03.3811
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		03.3811
Elaeophoriasis
[description not available]		03.320
Filariasis
Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.		03.320
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.8910
Bancroftian Elephantiasis
[description not available]		03.320
Elephantiasis, Filarial
Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.		03.320
Bilharziasis
[description not available]		03.3611
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.		03.3611
Paragonimiasis
Infection with TREMATODA of the genus PARAGONIMUS.		01.9710