nuclear receptor coactivator activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

A transcription coactivator activity that activates or increases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound nuclear receptor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coactivators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. A fourth class of coactivator activity is the bridging of a DNA-binding transcription factor to the general (basal) transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, which bridges sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase, is also a transcription coactivator. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]

Nuclear receptor coactivator activity refers to the ability of a protein to enhance the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors. Nuclear receptors are a family of transcription factors that regulate gene expression in response to a wide range of ligands, including hormones, steroids, and other signaling molecules. Nuclear receptor coactivators interact with nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent manner, typically binding to the receptor's activation function 2 (AF2) domain. This interaction promotes the recruitment of other proteins involved in the transcription process, including histone acetyltransferases, chromatin remodeling complexes, and general transcription factors. The recruitment of these proteins leads to increased accessibility of DNA for transcription and ultimately enhances gene expression. The molecular mechanism of nuclear receptor coactivator activity involves several key steps: 1. Ligand Binding: The nuclear receptor binds to its specific ligand, which induces a conformational change in the receptor, exposing its AF2 domain. 2. Coactivator Binding: The coactivator protein interacts with the exposed AF2 domain of the nuclear receptor. 3. Recruitment of Transcriptional Machinery: The coactivator protein recruits other proteins involved in transcription, such as histone acetyltransferases and chromatin remodeling complexes. 4. Transcription Activation: The recruited proteins modify chromatin structure, making the DNA more accessible for transcription factors and RNA polymerase. 5. Enhanced Gene Expression: The coordinated activity of these proteins leads to increased gene expression, allowing the nuclear receptor to exert its specific biological effects. Nuclear receptor coactivator activity plays a crucial role in regulating a wide range of biological processes, including development, metabolism, reproduction, and immunity. Dysregulation of nuclear receptor coactivator activity has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.'
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Proteins (8)

Compounds (364)