Page last updated: 2024-10-24

positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]

Positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves a cascade of signaling events, transcription factors, and cellular interactions. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption, a process essential for bone remodeling and maintaining skeletal homeostasis. The differentiation of osteoclasts from their mononuclear precursors, monocyte/macrophages, is initiated by the interaction of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand) with its receptor RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B) on the surface of these precursor cells. This interaction triggers a signaling cascade involving TRAF6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6) and downstream kinases, leading to the activation of transcription factors NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1) and c-Fos. NFATc1 is a master regulator of osteoclast differentiation, promoting the expression of genes involved in osteoclast function, including cathepsin K, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and DC-STAMP. c-Fos, another key transcription factor, cooperates with NFATc1 to activate target genes and promote osteoclast differentiation. Other factors, such as M-CSF (macrophage colony-stimulating factor), also play critical roles in osteoclast differentiation by supporting the survival and proliferation of osteoclast precursors. Additionally, the expression and activity of key enzymes involved in bone resorption, such as cathepsin K and TRAP, are tightly regulated during osteoclast differentiation. In conclusion, positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation is a complex process driven by a combination of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and cellular interactions. The interplay of these factors ensures the precise and coordinated differentiation of osteoclasts, maintaining bone homeostasis and skeletal integrity.'
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Proteins (8)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Regulatory-associated protein of mTORA regulatory-associated protein of mTOR that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8N122]Homo sapiens (human)
Krueppel-like factor 10A krueppel-like factor 10 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13118]Homo sapiens (human)
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoformA protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:Q08209]Homo sapiens (human)
C-C chemokine receptor type 1A C-C chemokine receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P32246]Homo sapiens (human)
Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1A cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P16220]Homo sapiens (human)
Tumor necrosis factorA tumor necrosis factor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx]Homo sapiens (human)
Proto-oncogene c-FosA protein c-Fos that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P01100]Homo sapiens (human)
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:O14788]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (58)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
1,10-phenanthroline1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinasesphenanthrolineEC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
2,2'-dipyridyl2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.

2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.
bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor
mesalaminemesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.

Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)
amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
way 151693
masoprocolnordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)catechols;
lignan;
tetrol
antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
pentoxifyllineoxopurine
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.methoxybenzenes
roliprampyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
sulfasalazinesulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.

Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907)
4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine: structure in first source
5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl: structure in first sourcebipyridines
atomoxetineatomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
neocuproineneocuproine : A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 9.

neocuproine: Spectrophotometric determination of copper and ultramicro blood sugar determinations; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd
phenanthrolineschelator;
copper chelator
bergeninbergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structuretrihydroxybenzoic acidmetabolite
2,2',2''-terpyridine2,2',2''-terpyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd

2,2':6',2''-terpyridine : A tridentate heterocyclic ligand that binds metals at three meridional sites giving two adjacent 5-membered MN2C2 chelate rings.
terpyridineschelator
5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline
3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline
marimastatmarimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.

marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary
hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide
antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
birb 796aromatic ether;
morpholines;
naphthalenes;
pyrazoles;
ureas
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator
dihydroguaiaretic aciddihydroguaiaretic acid: lignan extracted form Larrea divaricata; inhibitory to beef heart mitochondrial succinoxidase & NADH-oxidase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
tak 779
tacrolimustacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.

Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.
macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
ganoderic acid atriterpenoid
ganoderiol fganoderiol F: a ganoderma triterpene from Ganoderma amboinense; structure in first sourcetriterpenoid
bx 471BX 471: a CC chemokine receptor-1 antagonist; structure in first source
1-(phenylmethyl)benzimidazolebenzimidazoles
tamoxifenstilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
tolcaponetolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.

Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.
2-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols
antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
luteolin-7-glucosideluteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.

luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum
beta-D-glucoside;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
apigetrinapigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.

apigetrin: structure given in first source
beta-D-glucoside;
dihydroxyflavone;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative
antibacterial agent;
metabolite;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
baicaleintrihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
cyclosporineramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MFhomodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
sirolimussirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.

Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.
antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol
antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
cp 481715quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (4-carbamoyl-1-(3-fluorobenzyl)-2,7-dihydroxy-7-methyloctyl)amide: a CCR1 antagonist and NSAID; structure in first source
calycosin-7-o-beta-d-glucopyranosidecalycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is calycosin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position at 7 via a glycosidic linkage.

calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside: from Radix Astragali
4'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside;
hydroxyisoflavone;
monosaccharide derivative
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one: isolated from the Chinese herb Scutellariae radix

oroxylin A : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-6.
dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
spd-304SPD-304: structure in first source
everolimuscyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
ucb 35625UCB 35625: J-113863 is the (trans)-isomer; structure in first source
pi103PI103: pyridofuropyrimidine antineoplastic; a potent inhibitor of class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K); structure in first sorucearomatic amine;
morpholines;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
vuf 22745-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-2,2-diphenylpentanenitrile: an inverse agonist of human cytomegalovirus; structure in first source
amd 070mavorixafor: a derivative of AMD3100; a CXCR4 blockeraminoquinoline
dactolisibdactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.

dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR
imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
a 803467A 803467: an Nav1.8 sodium channel blocker; structure in first source
ku 0063794Ku 0063794: an mTOR inhibitor; structure in first sourcebenzyl alcohols;
monomethoxybenzene;
morpholines;
pyridopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
mTOR inhibitor
ganoderic acid fganoderic acid F: isolated from Ganoderma lucidum; structure in first sourcetriterpenoid
azd2014vistusertib: potent and selective dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibitor; structure in first source
(5-(2,4-bis((3s)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol(5-(2,4-bis((3S)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol: a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity; structure in first sourcebenzyl alcohols;
morpholines;
pyridopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
mTOR inhibitor
4-[6-[4-(methoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid methyl esterWYE-354: an mTOR inhibitor; structure in first sourcecarbamate ester
5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-aminesapanisertib: an mTOR inhibitorbenzoxazole
torin 1torin 1 : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 9-(quinolin-3-yl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2-one bearing an additional 4-(4-propionylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent at position 1. It is a potent inhibitor of mTOR and exhibits anti-cancer properties.N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridoquinoline;
quinolines
antineoplastic agent;
mTOR inhibitor
torin 2torin 2 : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2-one carrying additional 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and 6-aminopyridin-3-yl substituents at positions 1 and 9 respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of mTOR and exhibits anti-cancer properties.aminopyridine;
organofluorine compound;
primary amino compound;
pyridoquinoline
antineoplastic agent;
mTOR inhibitor
raltegravir1,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
ganoderic acid c2ganoderic acid C2: from the fruiting body of Ganoderma; structure in first sourcetriterpenoid
cc214-2CC214-2: an mTOR kinase inhibitor; structure in first source
cc-223
cc-1151-ethyl-7-(2-methyl-6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydropyrazino(2,3-b)pyrazin-2(1H)-one: an mTOR kinase inhibitor; structure in first source
pp242torkinib : A member of the class of pyrazolopyrimidines that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by isopropyl, 5-hydroxyindol-2-yl and amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4 respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of mTOR and exhibits anti-cancer properties.aromatic amine;
biaryl;
hydroxyindoles;
phenols;
primary amino compound;
pyrazolopyrimidine
antineoplastic agent;
mTOR inhibitor