Page last updated: 2024-10-24

tryptophan transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of tryptophan, 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]

Tryptophan transport is a crucial process in the body, enabling the essential amino acid tryptophan to move across cell membranes and into the bloodstream. This process is critical for various physiological functions, including protein synthesis, neurotransmitter production, and immune system regulation. Tryptophan transport occurs through various mechanisms, primarily via active transport systems. These systems utilize energy from the cell to move tryptophan against its concentration gradient, allowing for efficient uptake even when extracellular concentrations are low. The primary transporter for tryptophan is the large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT), a family of membrane proteins that facilitate the movement of several neutral amino acids, including tryptophan. LAT transporters operate through a sodium-dependent mechanism, coupling the movement of tryptophan with the influx of sodium ions. This allows for the efficient transport of tryptophan against its concentration gradient. Additionally, other transporters, such as the tryptophan transporter 1 (Trp1), contribute to tryptophan uptake in specific cell types. These transporters are involved in regulating tryptophan homeostasis and supporting specialized functions. Overall, tryptophan transport is a tightly regulated process essential for maintaining adequate tryptophan levels within the body, which are crucial for various biological functions. This complex process involves multiple transporters that operate under different mechanisms, ensuring efficient and targeted delivery of this essential amino acid to various tissues and organs.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 An angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9BYF1]Homo sapiens (human)
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1A large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q01650]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (99)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
glycinealpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid
EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
amodiaquineamodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.

Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.
aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
astemizoleastemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.

Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.
benzimidazoles;
piperidines
anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
camostatcamostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.benzoate ester;
carboxylic ester;
diester;
guanidines;
tertiary carboxamide
anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifibrinolytic drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
serine protease inhibitor
carmofurorganohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
chloroquinechloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.
aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorpromazinechlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.

Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
clomipramineclomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.

Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.
dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
disulfiramorganic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
ebselenebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
emodinemodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.

Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.
trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
fluphenazineN-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines
anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
fluspirileneFluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.diarylmethane
hydroxychloroquinehydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.

Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970)
aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyzinehydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.

Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.
hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine
anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
loperamideloperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.

Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol
anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
mefloquine hydrochloride[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinolines;
secondary alcohol
niclosamideniclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.

Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48)
benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide
anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
promethazinepromethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.

Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine
anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
imatinibaromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
thiethylperazinethiethylperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is perazine substituted by a ethylsulfanyl group at position 2.

Thiethylperazine: A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457)
N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
triflupromazinetriflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.

Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
levodopaL-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease

Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.
amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
tyrosinetyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.

Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.
amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine
EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
leucineleucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.

Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.
amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid
algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methioninemethionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.

Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine;
methionine zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid
antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanineL-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.

phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.

Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.
amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid
algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cycloheximidecycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.

Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.
antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol
anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
histidinehistidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.

Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.
amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid
algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valineL-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.

valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.

Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.
L-alpha-amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine
algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophantryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.

Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan;
tryptophan zwitterion
antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucineisoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.

Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.

L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.
aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid
algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorphenoxaminechlorphenoxamine: minor descriptor (66-84); on-line & Index Medicus search ETHYLAMINES (66-84); RN given refers to parent cpddiarylmethaneanticoronaviral agent
triparanolTriparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
D-tryptophanD-alpha-amino acid;
tryptophan;
tryptophan zwitterion
bacterial metabolite
emetineemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.

Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.
isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline
antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
acetophenazineacetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.

acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
phenothiazines
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
ribavirinRebetron: Rebetron is tradename1-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
captoprilcaptopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.

Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.
alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
quinaprilquinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
gemcitabinegemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
copper histidineD-alpha-amino acid;
histidine;
polar amino acid zwitterion
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
D-tyrosineD-alpha-amino acid;
D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
tyrosine
Escherichia coli metabolite
D-valineD-valine : The D-enantiomer of valine.D-alpha-amino acid;
D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
valine
phenylalanineD-alpha-amino acid;
D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
phenylalanine
methotrimeprazinemethotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.

Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604)
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine
anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
honokiolbiphenyls
moexiprilpeptide
1-methylhistidine1-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-1.

1-methylhistidine: found in muscle proteins; RN given refers to (L)-isomer

N(tele)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative in which the methyl group is at N(tele)-position.
L-histidine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
zwitterion
human metabolite
lopinaviramphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide
anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
quinaprilatquinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.

quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril
dicarboxylic acid;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid: amino acid analog; releases insulin; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designationmonoterpenoid
compound 20
cinacalcetcinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound
calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
tanshinone ii atashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first sourceabietane diterpenoid
nutlin 3stilbenoid
1-methylpropyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide1-methylpropyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide: a thioredoxin inhibitor with antineoplastic activityimidazoles
anisomycin(-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.

Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.
monohydroxypyrrolidine;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic
anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
protein synthesis inhibitor
homoharringtonineHomoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.

omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.
alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
D-leucineD-alpha-amino acid;
D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
leucine
bacterial metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
terconazole(2R,4S)-terconazole : A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively.

terconazole : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-terconazole. It has broad-spectrum antifungal activitiy and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections (Candida).

terconazole: structure & RN for (cis)-isomer from first source
1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine
mln 47602-(1-carboxy-2-(3-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylamino)-4-methylpentanoic acid: MLN-4760 is the (S,S)-isomer; an ACE2 inhibitor; structure in first source

MLN-4760 : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which a hydrogen of the primary amino group is substituted by a (1S)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutyl group and the ring NH group is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorobenzyl group. It is a potent and selective human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.44 nM) which was in clinical development for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
dichlorobenzene;
L-histidine derivative;
L-leucine derivative
anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor
1-(2-Naphthylmethyl)-2,3-dioxo-indoline-5-carboxamideindolecarboxamideanticoronaviral agent
hirsutanonehirsutanone: from methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Viscum cruciatum (Viscaceae)diarylheptanoid
thiothixeneN-methylpiperazineanticoronaviral agent
benztropinebenzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.

Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.
diarylmethane
tamoxifenstilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
S-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl] 5-(phenylethynyl)furan-2-carbothioateacetylenic compound;
furans;
organofluorine compound;
thioester;
triazoles
toremifeneToremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amine
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
dasatinibdasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).

N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source
1,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
N-(4-Butan-2-ylphenyl)-N-[2-(cyclopentylamino)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]furan-2-carboxamidearomatic amide;
furans
anticoronaviral agent
quercetin7-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
luteolin3'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone
angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
amentoflavonebiflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
ring assembly
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
myricetin7-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
savininsavinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylidene group at position 3 and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl group at position 4 (the 3E,4R-isomer). It exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.

savinin: a lignan from Pterocarpus santalinus inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and T cell proliferation; structure in first source
benzodioxoles;
gamma-lactone;
lignan
anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor
dothiepin hydrochlorideDothiepin: A tricyclic antidepressant with some tranquilizing action.dothiepin
enalaprilenalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).

Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
enalaprilat anhydrousenalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.

enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.

Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.
dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
broussochalcone abroussochalcone A: RN given for (E)-isomer; inhibits neutrophil respiratory burst; structure in first source
rupintrivirrupintrivir: a rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitor
3-tyrosine3-tyrosine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation

L-m-tyrosine : A hydroxyphenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine with a substituent hydroxy group at position 3.
hydroxyphenylalanine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
phenols
plant metabolite
5-Chloro-3-pyridinyl 2-furoatecarboxylic esteranticoronaviral agent
sotrastaurinsotrastaurin : A member of the class of maleimides that is maleimide which is substituted at position 3 by an indol-3-yl group and at position 4 by a quinazolin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted at position 2 by a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C and has been investigated as an immunosuppresant in renal transplant patients.

sotrastaurin: a potent protein kinase C-selective inhibitor; structure in first source
indoles;
maleimides;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines
anticoronaviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
saracatinibaromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
diether;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
oxanes;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
np 031112tideglusib : A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a naphthalen-1-yl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and has neuroprotective effects. Currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.

tideglusib: an NSAID and neuroprotective agent
benzenes;
naphthalenes;
thiadiazolidine
anti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
Benzotriazol-1-yl 1H-indole-5-carboxylateindolyl carboxylic acidanticoronaviral agent
5-Chloropyridin-3-yl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-carboxylatecarboxylic esteranticoronaviral agent
(5-Chloropyridin-3-yl) 1H-indole-5-carboxylateindolyl carboxylic acidanticoronaviral agent
5-Chloropyridin-3-yl 1H-indole-2-carboxylateindolyl carboxylic acidanticoronaviral agent
GRL-0617GRL-0617 : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-amino-2-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-amine. It is a potent noncovalent inhibitor (IC50 = 600 nM) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus papain-like protease (SARS-CoV PLpro).benzamides;
naphthalenes;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline
anticoronaviral agent;
protease inhibitor
(5-Chloropyridin-3-yl) 1H-indole-4-carboxylateindolyl carboxylic acidanticoronaviral agent
KOM70144KOM70144 : A benzamide that is GRL-0617 in which one of the hydrogen's of the primary amino group is replaced by an acetyl group. It an inhibitor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) with an IC50 of 2.6 muM and 5.0 muM, respectively. It also inhibits SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells in vitro (EC50 values are 13.1 and 21 muM, respectively).acetamides;
benzamides;
naphthalenes;
secondary carboxamide
anticoronaviral agent;
protease inhibitor
N-[(1R)-2-(tert-butylamino)-2-oxo-1-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-furancarboxamidearomatic amide;
furans
s 8932aromatic amine;
C-nucleoside;
carboxylic ester;
nitrile;
phosphoramidate ester;
pyrrolotriazine
anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
prodrug
hemateinhematein : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is -6a,7-dihydrobenzo[b]indeno[1,2-d]pyran-9-one carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4, 6a and 10.

hematein: structure
N-[(2S)-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxo-1-({(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}amino)propan-2-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamideN-[(2S)-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxo-1-({(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}amino)propan-2-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3-cyclohexyl-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-alaninamide. It is an inhibitor of SARS coronavirus main proteinase and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture (EC50 = 0.53 muM).aldehyde;
indolecarboxamide;
oligopeptide;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
secondary carboxamide
anticoronaviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
molnupiravirmolnupiravir : A nucleoside analogue that is N(4)-hydroxycytidine in which the 5'-hydroxy group is replaced by a (2-methylpropanoyl)oxy group. It is the prodrug of the active antiviral ribonucleoside analog N(4)-hydroxycytidine (EIDD-1931), has activity against a number of RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. It is currently in phase III trials for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.

molnupiravir: prodrug that’s metabolized into N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), a ribonucleoside analog
isopropyl ester;
ketoxime;
nucleoside analogue
anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
prodrug
3-fluoro-Nalpha-(1H-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide3-fluoro-Nalpha-(1H-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3-fluoro-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide. It is an inhibitor of SARS coronavirus main proteinase and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture (EC50 = 0.72 muM).aldehyde;
indolecarboxamide;
monofluorobenzenes;
oligopeptide;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
secondary carboxamide
anticoronaviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor