Target type: biologicalprocess
The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine to form peptidyl-serine. [GOC:bf]
Peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation is a crucial biological process that involves the removal of a phosphate group from a serine residue within a protein. This process is catalyzed by a specific class of enzymes known as protein phosphatases. These phosphatases recognize and bind to the phosphorylated serine residue, facilitating the hydrolysis of the phosphate group, releasing inorganic phosphate (Pi) and restoring the dephosphorylated serine residue.
Peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation plays a vital role in regulating a wide range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. By removing phosphate groups from target proteins, phosphatases can effectively switch off signaling pathways, modulate protein activity, and alter protein-protein interactions.
The mechanism of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation involves several key steps:
1. **Substrate recognition and binding:** The phosphatase enzyme recognizes and binds to the phosphorylated serine residue on the target protein. This recognition often involves specific amino acid sequences or structural motifs surrounding the phosphorylation site.
2. **Catalysis:** Once bound, the phosphatase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phosphate group. This process typically involves the formation of a transient covalent intermediate between the phosphatase and the phosphate group.
3. **Phosphate release:** The hydrolyzed phosphate group is released from the protein as inorganic phosphate (Pi).
4. **Dephosphorylated protein:** The target protein is now dephosphorylated and its activity or conformation may be altered.
Peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation is highly regulated and can be influenced by factors such as:
* **Phosphatase activity:** The activity of phosphatases can be regulated by various mechanisms, including phosphorylation, protein-protein interactions, and cellular localization.
* **Substrate availability:** The availability of phosphorylated substrates can also influence the rate of dephosphorylation.
* **Cellular environment:** The cellular environment, including pH, ion concentrations, and the presence of other molecules, can also affect phosphatase activity.
Overall, peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation is a fundamental biological process that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating a wide range of cellular functions. Understanding the intricacies of this process is essential for comprehending the complexity of cellular signaling and the mechanisms underlying various physiological processes.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform | A protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:Q08209] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform | A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P67775] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 5 | A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P53041] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
tacrolimus | tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro. | macrolide lactam | bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
okadaic acid | polycyclic ether | calcium ionophore; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; marine metabolite | |
cefsulodin | cefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients. | cephalosporin; organosulfonic acid; primary carboxamide | antibacterial drug |
tamoxifen | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator | |
cyclosporine | ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF | homodetic cyclic peptide | anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite |